نورمحمد رضایی

Old age is one of the sensitive periods of life in which various dimensions of a person's life, including physical, cognitive, emotional and psychological, undergo changes. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of positive mindfulness training and health promoting lifestyle training on health resilience and psychological flexibility of the elderly. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. Among the elderly living in the nursing homes of the 5th district of Tehran in 2022, 45 elderly people were included in the study by purposeful sampling and were randomly divided into three groups (15 people) to be tested and replaced as controls. The research tools included questionnaires of health resilience (Gibhardt, 2001) and psychological flexibility (Bond et al., 2011). Positive mindfulness intervention and health-enhancing lifestyle training were conducted in 8 90-minute sessions for the experimental groups; But for the control group, no intervention was applied. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis with SPSS version 19 software. The results showed that positive mindfulness training on psychological flexibility (p<0.001, Eta=29, F=19.82) and health-promoting lifestyle on health stubbornness (p<0.001, Eta=29, F=19.26) are effective for the elderly. has had more Based on the findings of the health promoting lifestyle research by adjusting the lifestyle and maintaining responsibility towards physical and psychological health and positive mindset focusing on the facts and paying attention to the here and now and not denying various problems can be an effective method to increase Health tenacity and psychological flexibility of the elderly should be used.

The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of psychological well-being in the relationship between personality traits and job burnout symptoms among law enforcement officers in Tehran. The correlation method was used to conduct the research. For this purpose, 265 were selected from among the employees working in Tehran using cluster sampling method. In the following three tools 1- job loss analysis questionnaire, 2- revised symptom checklist and 3- neo personality test were implemented on them. Alpha coefficient was used to check the reliability of the research tools. The results showed that the alpha coefficient is favorable and higher than 0.82. In order to check the validity of the research tools, internal consistency was used, and the results of the questionnaire show that there is a high correlation between the subscales of each tool and its total score. SmartPLS software was used to develop the structural model. The results of the research showed that the variables of personality traits and psychological well-being could explain 0.584 of the symptoms of job loss analysis of Faraja employees. In addition, the beta coefficient of the variable of personality traits on the symptoms of job loss analysis is equal to -0.350, and the beta coefficient of the effect of personality on psychological well-being is equal to -0.461. Also, the direct effect of psychological well-being on job burnout symptoms is equal to 0.536. In addition, the indirect effect of personality and psychological well-being on job burnout symptoms is -0.247. This result shows that 58% of the variance of job burnout symptoms can be explained based on personality traits and psychological well-being. In addition, the effect of personality on the symptoms of job loss analysis is negative and the simultaneous effect of personality and psychological well-being on the symptoms of job loss analysis is negative

This research is done with the purpose of understanding the impacts of social –psychological factors on gap between environmental attitude and behaviour. The population involves citizens higher than 15 of Kermanshah city and using Cochran formula and multistage cluster, 410 people were selected as sample.  Quantitative approach and the questioner have been applied. Descriptive findings show that Mean of the environmental values are moderate, efficiency variable are moderate to low  and  variable sense of attachment to place is moderate to high. The results of testing hypotheses show that significance correlation is seen between research variables with dependent variable. In other words, with increasing the Means of above variables, the gap between environmental attitude and behaviour is reduce. Results of regression analysis suggest that independent variables explain 11% of variance.  However the above variables have significant correlations with the gap between environmental attitude and behaviour, but it should not ignore other concepts presented in various models and find the general and comprehensive model in this field.

 The purpose of the present study is to identify the factors affecting the tendency of women with physical disabilities to travel and tourism.

Design/methodology/approach: 

This study was conducted with a quantitative approach and a survey method. The statistical population includes 781 physically disabilities women of Babolsar city, and using the Cochran formula, 257 people were selected as a statistical sample with a multi-stage sampling method. The data collection tool is a questionnaire.

The findings showed that the tendency of physically disabilities women to travel is lower than the average level. Women experience a strong feeling of rejection in terms of social participation, normative integration, access to social rights and material deprivation is also at a low level. Regression analysis showed that social participation and feeling of material deprivation respectively had the greatest effect on their tendency to travel. Bivariate analyzes also indicated the existence of a significant difference in the tendency of physically disabilities women to travel according to age, education, occupation and cause of disability(p<0/005).

This study provides a more distinct picture of the impact of social exclusion on physically disabilities women and its impact on tourism and travel. Since tourism can be effective in strengthening mental health and their return to the society, providing the ground for disabled tourism should be given more attention.

Originality/value: 

This study is one of the first researches in the field of physically disabled women and tourism in Iran.

The spread of virtual education and the reduction of costs have increased the fortune of parents, learners and guardians towards the quality of such an educational method. The current research aims to study the acceptance and challenges of e-learning/ e-evaluation among the professors and teacher-training students during Covid-19 pandemic.

Through a qualitative phenomenological study, the participants (19 people) 11 professors and 8 students (class representatives) of Farhangian University of Ilam province, were selected by purposive sampling. Data collection was performed by semi-structured interview method until theoretical saturation was reached. The data were coded and analyzed in an interpretative way. The validity and reliability of the conducted interviews were checked based on Guba and Lincoln’s (1985) criteria.

The analysis of the information obtained from the interviews was categorized into 5 main themes and 30 sub-themes. The five main topics included 1- challenges of technical and infrastructure issues, 2- challenges of teaching and learning methods in cyber space, 3- challenges of interaction and communication, 4- challenges of content and curriculum, and 5- challenges of learning evaluation.Low internet speed, lack of sufficient infrastructure in different regions, lack of providing appropriate feedback, lack of raising conceptual questions during training, in-sufficient attention to practical aspects of training, lack of face-to-face communication, inconsistency of content with training methods used, time-consuming preparation of the content, lack of justice in virtual evaluations, and the difficulty of real evaluation in the virtual space were among the challenges of training and virtual evaluation from the point of view of the interviewees.

According to the results of the research, it is suggested that professors in virtual classes create a warmer and intimate communication space, evaluate and provide timely and continuous feedback, use activities in the form of a process, pose conceptual questions, emphasize research, use the content to solve real problems, use the reverse teaching method and its components, turn the limitations and bottlenecks of the virtual educational method into opportunities.

Bullying is one of the common problems in social environments among students, which can leave long-term negative effects on its victims. Therefore, the aim of the research was to investigate the effectiveness of positive and negative behavior change methods on reducing bullying among children.

This research was applied in terms of its purpose and semi-experimental using a multi-group pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population was 9- and 10-year-old boys' elementary schools in Semnan city in 1401/1402. To select the sample, one district and then three schools and 45 students were selected from among the educational districts of Semnan city by cluster sampling method and they were replaced in two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group underwent 14 sessions of positive behavior modification and modification, the second experimental group underwent 14 45-minute sessions of negative behavior modification and modification, and the control group did not receive training.The Illinois Bullying Scale (2011) was used to collect information. Shapiro-Wilk test, M-box, analysis of covariance and Tukey's follow-up test were used for data analysis.

The research results showed that there was a significant difference between the methods of changing and modifying positive and negative behavior compared to the control group. The results of the follow-up test showed that the method of changing and correcting positive behavior was effective in reducing children's bullying compared to the method of changing and correcting negative behavior.

Since reluctance and hatred of school, academic failure, decreased sense of security and mental health, and change of attitude towards school are the consequences of being victimized by bully peers. The results of the research showed that teaching positive management methods and modifying behavior by changing social norms and increasing appropriate social behaviors leads to behavioral changes and reducing bullying.

The elders in the life are faced with many challenges due to the loss of self-compassion and psychological flexibility. Therefore, the aim of this research was determine the effectiveness of health promoting lifestyle education on self-compassion and psychological flexibility of elders.

This research was a semi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The research population was elders of the old people's homes of the 5th district of Tehran city in 2022 year. The sample size for each group was considered to be 25 people, and this number was selected by purposive sampling method. The samples randomly were divided into two equal groups including experimental and control groups and the experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 90 minute by health promoting lifestyle education, and the control group remained on the waiting list for training. Data were collected by demographic information form (age and education level), self-compassion scale (Neff, 2016) and psychological flexibility questionnaire (Bond et al., 2011) and were analyzed by with chi-square and multivariate analysis of covariance tests in SPSS-19 software.

The findings showed that the experimental and control groups didn’t significantly different in terms of age and education level (P>0.05). Also, health promotion lifestyle education significantly improved the self-compassion and psychological flexibility of elders (P<0.001).

According to the results of the present study, specialists and therapists can use the health promoting lifestyle education method along with other educational and therapeutic methods to improve psychological characteristics in the elders including self-compassion and psychological flexibility

The aim of the present research is to analyze the level of attention paid to the components of Mahdaviat in Persian books and social studies in elementary school and its relationship with social capital. The research method is an applied research using the qualitative and descriptive content analysis method using the researcher's checklist tool. The research society of Persian books and social studies of elementary school is 10 volumes that were published in 2023. The content analysis unit also includes text, image and activity. According to the findings based on the data from the content analysis of two course titles; The components of religious participation and creating unity between people (4.71%) received the least attention and the components of identity, social reforms, unity, social security and mobilization (25.19%) received the most attention. The research results showed that some components of social capital such as; Religious participation and social solidarity, which strengthen the idea of Mahdaviat in students, are not properly explained in social studies and elementary Persian textbooks. Also, in line with Mehdi Bavari's education in the content of textbooks and strengthening relationships between people in the society, both quantitatively and qualitatively, with the components of creating hope, creating identity, creating dynamism, the ability to create resistance and anti-oppression, social reforms and creating solidarity. Social has not been paid enough attention.

Today, the implementation of environmental education in the curriculum of schools has been raised as an important and effective issue. In other words, the protection of human health and the protection of the environment are among the subjects that should form an integral part of the school curriculum. However, the results of research and studies conducted in this field confirm that students do not have enough knowledge to help create and develop a healthy lifestyle and awareness of the environment. Although the changes in school policies and curricula confirm that environmental education has been recognized, school performance still needs changes. Therefore, the current research has been carried out with the aim of identifying the actions taken by different countries in the direction of environmental education in curricula. The current research is based on the descriptive approach of documents that was conducted with the library method and a review of related theoretical sources. For this purpose, it first deals with the goals and objectives of environmental education programs. Then, it discusses the measures that different countries have used in the field of environmental education in their curriculum. The results showed that the principles of environmental education are based on adding relevance to the curriculum, adopting a subject-based approach, emphasizing participation and action-oriented dimensions in learning, and emphasizing value education.

teaching and applying coping skills is one of the effective ways to change problematic behaviors and create new behaviors and adapt more to the environment. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching coping skills on students' aggression, self-efficacy and academic performance.

This research was conducted in a semi-experimental way and through a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population includes all male secondary school students in Shahrood city. For this purpose, 40 of them were randomly selected and 20 were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 20 to the control group. Before holding sessions for both groups, Bass and Percy aggression questionnaires (1992), Morris self-efficacy (2001) and academic performance were administered (1383), and after the presentation of the training package in 8 sessions and each session is 80-minutes at the same time for both groups. In this study, to determine the formal and content validity of the educational package, 10 experts were asked to comment on the compiled content, the appropriateness, ambiguity and complexity of the content.

The results of the multivariate covariance analysis test showed that coping skills training has led to a reduction in aggression and an increase in students' self-efficacy and academic performance. The eta squared value showed that coping skills had the greatest effect on reducing anger and the least effect on reducing physical aggression in different dimensions of aggression variable. In addition, in the variable of academic performance, the value of beta square showed that the greatest effect on the variable of emotional effects and the least effect on the variable of lack of control of the outcome (P=0.05).

According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that equipping students with coping skills leads to improving their performance in the academic and educational field and reducing disruptive behaviors. Therefore, the purpose of coping skills is to help students to move from their inabilities and skill weaknesses to powerful skills and effective and efficient communication with others in society.

 

Developing professional skills and increasing psychological self-efficacy is the main key to progress and increasing job satisfaction. Psychological self-efficacy plays an effective role in choosing, striving and persevering and pursuing individual and organizational goals. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the mediating role of psychological self-efficacy in the relationship between the development of professional competencies and job satisfaction.

The current research was conducted using the correlation method based on PLS structural equation modeling. For this purpose, 384 employees of Naja were selected by cluster sampling and asked to complete the questionnaires of professional competence development, psychological self-efficacy, and job satisfaction. The reliability results of the research tool were calculated using the alpha coefficient and composite reliability (CR) and the results related to convergent validity were calculated using the AVE index and are at a favorable level. In addition, in order to answer the main question of the research and design the structural model of the research, SmartPLS software version 3 was used.

The results showed that the development of professional skills has an effect on the job satisfaction of employees through the mediation of psychological self-efficacy. In addition, both the variable of developing professional skills and the variable of psychological self-efficacy have a direct effect on job satisfaction.

according to the obtained results and according to Bandura's social-cognitive theory, the variables of developing professional skills and psychological self-efficacy are among the important variables that affect the individual's behavior. In other words, the participation of employees in the activities and career decisions subsequently leads to the improvement of the development of the individual's professional skills in the job and job satisfaction.

The purpose of this study was a comparative study of command styles in the police of the United States of America, United Kingdom, Australia, Turkey and the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The research method is comparatively case-based. For this purpose, it focused only on the studies of the last 10 years. For this reason, several researches were extracted by reviewing the websites of the studied countries. After studying them and eliminating irrelevant or less relevant items, 38 researches (articles, dissertations or research projects) were selected and became the basis of qualitative comparative study.

Based on research conducted in the police of the studied countries, the results showed that transformational leadership styles, integrated (transformational and exchange), active leadership and role modeling, ethical leadership, participatory leadership (relationship oriented) and situational leadership with many positive organizational consequences Were in a relationship; While leadership styles of non-intervention (passive / avoidance) and authoritarianism were associated with increasing negative consequences in the organization.

Based on the total results, firstly, transformational leadership style and secondly, integrated leadership style (transformational leadership style and exchange with each other) had the most research support in terms of leading to positive.

The aim of the present study was to predict critical thinking based on demographic variables and personality dimensions of teachers. To ensure, 350 questionnaires were administered among teachers in Tehran. Random sampling method was used to select the sample. First, the reliability coefficient was calculated by internal consistency method for the personality dimensions and critical thinking questionnaire. The results show that the reliability coefficients of the personality traits and critical thinking questionnaire are desirable and satisfactory. After examining the internal consistency, the validity of the questionnaire was examined. For this purpose, the factor analysis method using the principal components method was used. The KMO value for the NEO personality questionnaire and the critical thinking questionnaire was higher than 0.935 and the level of significance of the Bartlett spherical characteristic for both questionnaires was less than 0.01. Factor weights estimated by the maximum likelihood method indicated that all indices have a factor load greater than 0.35 and the root error value of the mean squared RMSEA approximation is close to 0.07. Therefore, it can be concluded that in the present study, the research tools have a good fit. Finally, multivariate regression analysis was used to predict teachers' critical thinking through demographic variables and personality traits. The results showed that when the variable Predictor is only an extroverted personality trait. The value of R was 0.480, while with the addition of variables of conscience, flexibility, gender, education, neuroticism, pleasantness as the predictor variable, the value of R increased to 0.606. Has found.

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Islamic Spirituality Scale in the workplace with 71 items among NAJA employees. The combined method (content analysis and survey method) was used to conduct the research. In the first stage, in order to identify the dimensions and characteristics of Islamic spirituality based on Quranic teachings and narrations of the Imams (AS) in a qualitative and library form, and in the second stage, interviewing and presenting a questionnaire to 42 experts and to test the structural model of The scrolling method was used. To select a small sample in the survey section, stratified sampling method was used. To this end, 12,000 employees completed the scale. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability were used to evaluate the reliability of the instrument. The results showed that the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the 71-item Islamic Spirituality Questionnaire was higher than 0.70 and also the composite reliability coefficient of all components was higher than 0.90. To evaluate the convergent validity of the research instrument, the AVE criterion was used, since the square root of all structures is greater than the correlation of structures with other structures in the model. PLS software was used to evaluate the final research model and factor structure of the questionnaire. The results show that the range of factor loadings is between 0.40 to 0.70. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the 4-factor scale of the Islamic Spirituality Questionnaire has acceptable validity and reliability.

Security is a path to stability and an integral part of sustainability. Individuals depend on security to realize all their potential. Therefore, the purpose of the present research is security feeling analysis of worn tissues residents in Tehran metropolis 12 district based on social, economic and physical indicators.

The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and it uses regression and neuro-fuzzy method.The population consisted of 76,628 residential units in the 12th district. Using Cochran formula with 5% error and 95% confidence level, 383 units were selected as sample size.

Security feeling is predictive component strongest with beta coefficient (0.623). They are followed by lighting, passages, patterns of activity and uses, quality of housing, space form, citizens' identity, population density, social surveillance, employment and housing components. Their beta coefficients are 0/563, 0/509, 0/501, 0/497, 0/493, 0/491, 0/423, 0/319, 0/302 and 0/218 respectively.

There is a direct relationship between physical, economic and social indicators with feeling of security in Tehran metropolis 12 district.Based on the neuro-fuzzy model, data physical indices such as insecurity of area passages and high level of infiltration of motorcyclists to pedestrians have the lowest error rates in test and training. Social indicators such as overcrowding in some parts of District 12 and the presence of backyard space have the lowest error rates in test and training data. Economic indicators such as rising unemployment in the region and rising living costs in the have the lowest error rates of test and training data in Tehran metropolis 12 district.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the content of the book Nahj al-Balaghah, in order to examine the extent of attention to the dimensions, components and characteristics of social security from the perspective of Imam Ali (as).

The present study was descriptive and content analysis using Shannon entropy method. The statistical population is the whole book of Nahj al-Balaghah. The statistical population is equal to the sample size because the sampling was numerical and purposeful in the direction of research questions. The unit of analysis is also the words and themes of sermons, letters and wisdoms. The data collection tool is a checklist of social security components based on scientific theories of social security that researchers have developed.

The results indicate that; In the content of Nahj al-Balaghah, there are seven main components and twenty sub-components, respectively, with different coefficients of importance. Components of social identity (48%), social division of labor system (17%), psychological security (15%), the most important and components of social trust (0.2%), financial security (0.3%) and socialization of individuals (4 / 0%) have the lowest coefficient of importance. The coefficient of importance of life safety (0.8%).

In general, in this study, it can be concluded that the component of social identity, which includes freedom of expression, protection of ethnic and religious minorities, national security, Therefore, is necessary for officials to pay due attention to this issue in planning.

The commandment is the well-known way of the prophets, the righteous and the great divine obligation, in the light of which social security is provided. The aim of this study was to design a model for the institutionalization of the famous in the socio-cultural context based on the underlying theory.

In order to design the model in a native way, qualitative research method and ground theory method were used. For this purpose, experts and relevant officials were interviewed in depth with the coordination made. Open, axial and selective coding was used to analyze the data obtained from the interviews.

In open coding, by analyzing and coding the interviews, 377 open codes were obtained which were identified as basic conceptual propositions. In axial coding, the initial codes and categories were compared with each other and after removing the same codes, 37 axial codes were obtained. Some of these categories are as consequences of enjoining what is good and forbidding what is evil (including the implementation of divine commands and duties, promoting the goodness of "standing up for the good", avoiding the evil of "dressing up the evil", establishing a religious organization and good life, establishing the Islamic system and Its freshness and freshness (prosperity and salvation) and some in the role of influential factors were prepared and compiled. In the selective coding stage, the discourse and culture building component was selected as the main category and other categories were related to it.

In general, based on the findings, it can be concluded that the prevalence of enjoining the good and forbidding the evil guarantees the fulfillment of obligations and mustahabs, the removal of the evil (prohibitions and abominations), the establishment of a religious and virtuous organization, the establishment of the Islamic system and its freshness. And finally, there is prosperity and salvation

Security is a prerequisite for community survival, which it depends on its existence meeting other collective needs. However, the rapid expansion and unorganized growth of cities has diminished residents' sense of security. Accordingly, the purpose of the present research is measurement of economic, social and physical variables on the sense of resident’s security in the Hashtgerd New Town. This research is a developmental one and its method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of research is Hashtgerd New Town in 2016. Sample size was calculated using Cochran's formula with a coefficient of 1.5. The sample size is 378 people. Random and cluster sampling was used. Pearson correlation test, multivariate regression and path analysis model and SPSS software were used for data analysis. The Pearson test results indicate that there is a significant relationship between the two variables of security sense and urban spaces (physical indices) with % 99 confidence and error level less than % 1. There is also a significant relationship between the two variables of security sense and social indices with % 95 confidence and error level less than %5. The results of the path analysis show that The direct, indirect and total impact coefficients of physical variables were %29, %12 and %41, respectively. The direct, indirect and total impact coefficients of social surveillance were % 30, %42 and %12, respectively. Also, the direct and indirect impact coefficients of economic variables were % -25 and % -53, respectively Population density, space form and employment have negative effects and patterns of activities and uses, social surveillance and citizen identity have positive effects on sense of security based on regression analysis.

Study's aim investigated the mediating role of mother-child relation between mother's mood and mother's attachment style with child behavioral problem. to reach the goal with the use of Mother-Child Relationship Evaluation Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Read), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, Rotter's behavioral inventory, 300 mothers of children with average 9/5 years old, selected via by simple sampling method. Data were analyzed by path analyze. Findings were analyzed by path analysis using LISREL software. The results showed that the two variables of mother's mood and attachment are directly related to children's educational and behavioral problems. However, the mediating variable, ie mother-child relationship, has no significant relationship with children's educational and behavioral problems. In addition, the two variables have been able to explain 55% of children's educational and behavioral problems. According to the research findings, it can be concluded that among the effective factors in interventions in reducing children's educational and behavioral problems, in addition to parenting skills, intervention to improve mood and attachment problems of mothers.

The aim of the research was to investigate the mediation of mother-child relationship in the relationship between mother's mood and attachment with behavioral problems of children aged 6 to 12 years. The study was conducted by correlation method and available sampling. From the community of 1000 children participating in the summer activities of the centers of Rajaeeshahr region of Karaj, 300 mothers of children with an average age of 9.5 years to the mother-child relationship evaluation tools of Ross (1961); Collins and Reid's (1990) attachment; Stress, anxiety and depression 21 questions (1998); and Rutter's (1964) behavioral problems answered. After discarding 86 questionnaires, the data of 214 questionnaires were analyzed by path analysis method using Lisrel software. The results showed that the two variables of mother's mood and attachment have a direct effect on the child, respectively (β=0.18 and β=0.35 with P=0.001) and a direct effect on the child's behavioral problems. It is equal in both paths (β=0.39, P=0.001). This is despite the fact that the mediator variable, mother-child relationship, has no significant effect on children's behavioral problems (β=0.12, P=0.001). In addition, the two mentioned variables were able to explain 55% of children's behavioral problems at the level of 0.05. According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that among the effective factors in interventions to reduce behavioral problems, in addition to parenting skills, is the intervention to improve the mother's mood and attachment problems.

One of the components of quality of life is feeling of security. One of the consequences of feeling insecure is psychological problems including depression. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dimension of feeling of security and depression in the students of universities and higher education centers of Ilam province. Mankind needs security and feeling of social security to reach, after his physiological needs are met, success in life and achieve noble goals. The main goal of the current study is to study the relationship between social security and depression among Ilam’s university students. This research was a survey conducted by using questionnaires. The population of the study comprised all students studying in the universities of Ilam. The samples were selected according to Cochran formula as 43252 students. To gather the data, two questionnaires were put to service. The data related to social security were obtained through a researcher-made questionnaire and those related to depression through Beck(BDI) Depression Inventory. The findings of the study showed that 48 percent of the students suffered mild to severe depression and 43.2 percent had low and very low feeling of security. The findings of two-variable regression analysis of general social security and depression reflected the fact that the independent variable, i.e. general security, could explain 19.6 percent of changes in dependent variable, i.e. depression. Besides, there was a reverse and meaningful relationship between feeling of life, financial, and mental security with depression (P<0.05). According to the research findings, it can be concluded that the feeling of security in physical, financial, and psychological dimensions could significantly predict and explain a part of depression changes among the students. Given the reverse and meaningful relationship between feeling of social security and depression, the authorities in charge in the universities should take measurements to lower the feeling of depression and increase the amount of security among students.

One of the factors affecting the security of the Iranian Premier League is the contextual factors which are composed of several main factors and some minor factors. The purpose of this study is to prioritize the main contextual factors affecting the security of the Iranian Premier League matches with a hierarchical analysis approach.

This was a qualitative-quantitative study. The study population consisted of experts (sport management professors and security forces experts) who were purposefully selected. Data collection tools were semi-structured interviews in qualitative part and paired comparative questionnaire in quantitative part.

The findings of the qualitative part of the study showed that causal conditions, contextual / environmental conditions, intervening conditions and strategies are the four main factors affecting the security of Iranian Premier League matches. In the meantime, four sub-factors underlying the applications of new surveillance tools, attention to infrastructure, environmental exploration and protection of hazardous materials were identified. Also, the quantitative findings showed that paying attention to infrastructures with value of 0.316 was more preferable than modern monitoring tools with value of 0.23, exploration of environment with value of 0.225 and protection of hazardous substances with value of 0.196. .

Based on the studies done, it is clear that the importance of factors in securing the matches of the Iranian Premier League is not the same so they should not be given equal attention. As a result, it is necessary to focus more on the factors that are important in securing planning.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the actions of those who call for the good and forbid the evil doings in improving the status of the good and reduce the evil doings in the cultural, economic, social, religious, organizational, and managerial dimensions in different provinces with a comparative approach in I. R. I. Police.

The mixed method of exploratory design has been used and after making the tool and checking its validity and reliability, the survey method has been employed. The statistical population of the study included all those who call for the good and forbid the evil doings in police organization throughout the country, the direct officials of all those who call for the good and forbid the evil doings in police force throughout the country, and all those who were called for the good and forbade the evil doings throughout the country. The sample size for each group was 1100, which was a total of 3300 people. Sampling was done using stratified random sampling method in proportion to the size of the population of those who call for the good and forbid the evil doings in the provinces.

The results of analyzing the views of the three groups studied (those who call for the good and forbid the evil doings, the direct officials of all those who call for the good and forbid the evil doings, and those who were called for the good and forbade the evil doings) through Friedman analysis of variance showed that the measures taken by all three groups were successful in promoting the prevalence of the good and reducing the evil doings. As in the total score of the dimensions, from the point of view of those who call for the good and forbid the evil doings themselves, the success rate in increasing the good was 70 points; while the success rate in reducing the prevalence of evil doings was 66.3 points out of 100. From the point of view of the direct officials of those who call for the good and forbid the evil doings, the success rate in increasing the good was 69.8 points; while the success rate in reducing the prevalence of evil doings was 63.5 points out of 100. From the point of view of those who were called for the good and forbade the evil doings, the success rate in increasing the good was 68.3 points; while the success rate in reducing the prevalence of evil doings was 61 points out of 100.

According to the research findings, both in terms of increasing the prevalence of the good and decreasing the prevalence of the evil doings, those who call for the good and forbid the evil doings themselves have the highest score in terms of the success rate of the actions taken; while those who were called for the good and forbade the evil doings gave less points than the other two groups. Of course, it is worth mentioning that among the good, the most success in increasing the prevalence of the good in political dimension and among the evil doings the most success was in reducing the prevalence of evil doings in the political dimension.

Today, one of the most important concerns of police around the world is the effectiveness and efficiency of social crisis management and what can be most helpful in this area is the attention to professional ethics. Therefore, in this study, we tried to develop and validate the professional ethics model of police in three phase of crisis management by using the experts' opinion.

This study was descriptive-analytical. For this purpose, 35 police scientific and operational experts were selected through purposeful sampling and semi-structured interviews were conducted which resulted in identification of dimensions, components and model indicators. At the end, after preparing and finalizing the questionnaire by Delphi method, they were asked to complete the research questionnaire.

The model of police professional ethics in the three phase of crisis management (pre-crises, crises respond and post-crises) has six components and 29 indicators from the experts' point of view. According to the experts, the average of the components of police professional ethics in crisis management phases shows that the highest average belongs to the components of Preventive actions and Crisis Preparedness, and the lowest average belongs to the component of coercive actions with professional considerations. Also Smart-Pls software output showed that the coefficients of significance of the model were higher than 1.96, indicating that the validity of all six factors in the model of police professional ethics in crisis management phases was confirmed by experts.

The results of the study showed that the model had an acceptable validity and it was necessary for the police in the three phases of crisis management to consider certain norms based on their professional responsibility. For example, in the pre-crisis phase, preparing alert reports to the authorities and other responsible authorities. In the crisis respond, used peaceful tactics and used the coercive actions with special consideration. Lastly, address the healing needs of the community and police organization.