نیلا علمی منش

Divorce and life adjustment after it have always been associated with problems in divorced head of household women that require to social supports and therapeutic interventions to improve their adjustment and meaning of life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of reality therapy on life adjustment after divorce and meaning of life in divorced head of household women. The research method was quasi-experimental with the pre/post – test design with a control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all divorced head of household women referred to Crisis intervention counseling center of Isfahan city welfare organization in year 1400, Thirty of them were selected through convenient sampling and randomly assigned in two experimental and control groups. In order to collect datathe Fisher divorce adjustment and the Stagger meaning of life questionnaires were used. The experimental group underwent training in eight 45-minute group sessions of Glasser reality therapy. The control group did not receive any intervation during this time. The data were analysed using multivariate covariance analysis through spss22 software. The results showed that reality therapy was effective in improving the life adjustmen (P≤0/05) and the meaning of life (P≤0/05) in divorced head of household women. This therapy was effective in the sub scales of adjustment including feeling of self worth, disentanglement from relationship and feeling of self anger but it was not effective in sub scales of symptoms of grief, rebuilding social trust and social self worth. Also it was effective in the meaning of life sub scales, presence and search. So that it has led to the improvement of their performance to encounter with the problems of life after divorce.

The aim of the research was to determine the difference in the effectiveness of cognitive therapy with positive psychotherapy on executive functions in patients with mild brain damage. Method The present research method was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design with a follow-up period. The statistical population of this research included all people with mild brain damage who referred to Shahada Haftam Tir and Baqity Elah Hospitals in Tehran in 2019. Among them, 30 people were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to three groups of cognitive rehabilitation treatment, positive psychotherapy and control group. The Wisconsin test was performed on each of the groups. The first experimental group received cognitive rehabilitation therapy and the second experimental group received positive psychotherapy. People in the control group did not receive any intervention. Analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used to analyze the data. The results showed that both interventions have an effect on increasing executive functions. But the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation treatment is more on executive functions(P05/0<). Therefore, it is recommended to neurologists and psychotherapists in order to reduce the complications of brain damage, in addition to medical treatments, cognitive rehabilitation treatment should be used as a complementary method

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of exposure therapy and response prevention with metacognitive therapy on reducing the severity of specific symptoms and improving the quality of life of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. This research is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted with a pre-test-post-test research design with a control group. The statistical population included all patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who referred to counseling centers in Shiraz in 1400. Metacognitive intervention for 8 group sessions and for two months in the form of 1.5 hour sessions on the first experimental group and the intervention of exposure and prevention The response was performed for 14 sessions of 2 hours on the experimental group and exposure prevention. Both experimental and control groups took fluvoxamine (200 to 300 doses) in close doses during the study period. Both treatment groups showed a significant decrease compared to the control group. However, the exposure therapy group and response prevention had a greater and more significant reduction than metacognitive therapy group therapy (P <0.001). Based on the research findings, the effect of exposure therapy and prevention response in reducing the specific symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in Metacognitive therapy is more effective. Therefore, therapists can use this treatment along with other successful treatments to improve the quality of life of patients.

The purpose of study was to determine the effectiveness of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy on Obsessive Symptoms, Depression and Quality of Life(QL) in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD).This semi-experimentalresearchwasconducted with pre-posttest design with an experimental and a control group.The statistical population consisted of patients with a diagnosis of Obsessive Disorder,that among them30 married patients with OCD were selected. They were divided randomly to an experimental and a control group.All patients were assessed twice by Questionnaires, The Beck Depression Inventory, The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment, and Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. The experimental group received 10 Functional Analytic Psychotherapy. Analysis of covariance showed that at the experimental group showed a significant improvement in all of the variables.According to the on reducing Obsessive Symptoms, Depression and increasing QL, treatment can be used for people with OCD.

 

Hormones of the thyroid critically impact the body's metabolism. Thyroid disease can decrease or increase the metabolic rate. The thyroid gland crucially affects human health; when this gland is disturbed, it presents various symptoms in the human body that cannot be ignored. A disorder of the thyroid gland is hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism can affect various aspects of an individual's life, including biopsychological dimensions. Psychological symptoms, anxiety, and physical symptoms impair the quality of life and psychological wellbeing of these patients. Furthermore, the structures of positive psychology and optimism, by changing the attitudes and beliefs of individuals, play an essential role in increasing the capacity of individuals to improve their psychological wellbeing. Similar studies highlighted the effect of Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Optimism Training (OT) on psychological wellbeing. This study aimed to compare CBT and OT's effects on psychological wellbeing in patients with hypothyroidism.

This was a quasi–experimental study with a pretest,–posttest–follow–up, and a control group design. The statistical population of this study included all hypothyroid patients referring to a private endocrinologist in Bandar Abbas City, Iran, in 2020. The minimum sample size for a quasi–experimental study equals 7–15 subjects; thus, the study included 45 eligible patients and volunteers from the population mentioned above. Accordingly, 45 patients with hypothyroidism were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (CBT & OT) and a control group. The study inclusion criteria were patients with severe hypothyroidism, aged 20 to 60 years, no diagnosis of bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, and history of substance use disorders, no concomitant use of psychological therapy, no chronic illnesses, including thyroid, diabetes, and cancer, and biopsychological defects with a higher education level than a diploma. The exclusion criteria included absence from >2 intervention sessions, exacerbated hypothyroidism preventing the subject from participating in the study, requiring psychiatric medications and other medications to treat other illnesses during the study, and refusing to continue cooperation. In pretest, posttest, and follow–up, all study participants completed the Ryff Psychological Well–Being Scale–Revised Form (Ryff & Keyes, 1995). The first group received a 90–minute CBT in 8 sessions presented by Houghton and associates (2010). The second group received eight 90–minute OT sessions presented by Mohammadi and colleagues (2018). The control group received no intervention. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, & standard deviation) and inferential statistics, including repeated–measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Bonferroni post hoc test, and one–way ANOVA, were used to analyze the obtained data in SPSS at the significance level of 0.05.

The obtained results suggested that CBT and OT affected psychological wellbeing (p<0.001). The effect of time increased psychological wellbeing, compared to the pretest stage (p<0.001). The interaction effect of the time*group increased psychological wellbeing, compared to the control group (p<0.001). There was also a significant difference between the mean scores of psychological wellbeing variables in the pretest, posttest, and follow–up stages (p=0.001), suggesting the continuity of the effect of CBT and OT (p=1.000). There was no significant difference between the provided interventions concerning psychological wellbeing (p=1.000).

According to the collected results, CBT and OT demonstrated a similar effect on improving psychological wellbeing in patients with hypothyroidism. Therefore, both methods can be used effectively to improve psychological wellbeing in patients with hypothyroidism.

Infertility is a major global health problem with physical, psychological and social dimensions. The prevalence of psychological problems in infertile individuals is estimated to be high. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of positive psychotherapy on depression, stress and happiness in infertile women. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy intervention on depression, stress and happiness in infertile women in Dezful city. This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with control group. This study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of this study included all infertile women in Dezful city who were selected by convenience sampling and were divided into control (15 person) and experimental (15 person) groups. In this study, three Oxford Happiness Questionnaires, Cohen Stress Questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory were used and data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. Based on the results, it can be concluded that positive psychotherapy can be effective on stress and depression in infertile women and increase their happiness.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Transcranial direct-current stimulationon the improvement of visual and auditory attention in People with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)in Tehran. This research was supposed as an quasi-experimental one and it was carried out by using a pre-test and post-test method with the control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all individuals who suffer from attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in Tehran in 1396. For about 30 individuals were determined as sample size.from the statistical population group , 30 individuals were selected as experimental group and 15 oneswere determined as the control group. It should be noted that they were selected by using random sampling method. For the experimental group, interference of Transcranial direct-current stimulation was studied. In this research some of Data collection tools are such as Wendryota(WURS) Questionnaire, it was used of (IVA) test Computer task of psychological and simultaneous Visual and Audio (SCL-25) execution and ANCOVA covariance. The results of the post-interferenc estudy showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the degree of attention variable (visual and auditory). Therefore, it can be said that direct transcranial electric stimulation can play an important role on the improvement of visual and auditory attention in patients with attention deficit -hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Transcranial direct-current stimulation on the improvement of visual and auditory attention in People with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)in Tehran. This research was supposed as a quasi-experimental one and it was carried out by using a pre-test and post-test method with the control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all individuals who suffer from attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in Tehran in 1396. For about 30 individuals were determined as sample size. from the statistical population group, 30 individuals were selected as experimental group and 30 ones were determined as the control group. It should be noted that they were selected by using random sampling method. For the experimental group, interference of Transcranial direct-current stimulation was studied. In this research some of Data collection tools are such as Wendryota(WURS) Questionnaire, it was used of (IVA) test Computer task of psychological and simultaneous Visual and Audio (SCL-25) execution and ANCOVA covariance. The results of the post-interference study showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the degree of attention variable (visual and auditory). Therefore, it can be said that direct transcranial electric stimulation can play an important role on the improvement of visual and auditory attention in patients with attention deficit -hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)

The present study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Luthans intervention program on Academic and Organizational Procrastination. the research was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design. The population consisted of PNU students of Natanz in the academic year 1395 who were studying and working full time. Out of the 300 students, 50 were randomly selected and put into two groups of 25, one for academic and another one for organizational procrastination. The instruments were two questionnaires of Academic Procrastination (Solomon & Rothblum) and Organizational Procrastination (Safary Nia & Amirkhani Razilighy). After the implementation of the questionnaires, Luthans Intervention Program was applied to the experimental group. Then, Post-test and follow-up were implemented for both groups in two phases. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results showed that compared with the control group, both of the dependent variables in the experimental group were reduced significantly. The results of the Post-test and follow-up reflected the effectiveness and stability of the intervention. It can be stated that psychological Capital Intervention Model has been effective on decreasing Academic and organizational procrastination. Therefore, it can be an appropriate strategy to reduce Academic and organizational procrastination.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of positive thinking intervention on academic Buoyancy of students of Payame Noor University. The statistical population of the study consisted of all undergraduate student of Natanz in the academic year of 2016- 2017. The method used in this study is semi-experimental whit pretest-posttest control group design. 30 students who had a low score in Buoyancy test were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Positive thinking training during 8 sixty minute sessions was presented to the experimental group. The instrument used in the study was the academic Buoyancy test of Dehghanizadeh & Chary that as pre-test and post-test was applied to both groups. Data were analyzed by multivariate covariance test. The results showed that positive thinking intervention has a significant effect on the academic Buoyancy of Student. (p

The purpose of this study was to the Comparison Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Stress Inoculation Training on Psychological capital in Infertile women. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection, a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of this study included all infertile women of Kish Island. Using a available sampling method, 45 infertile women were considered as the sample size in two experimental groups (each group of 15) and control (15 subjects). The experimental groups underwent acceptance and commitment therapy (9 sessions 90 minutes) and Stress Inoculation Training (10 sessions 90 minutes), but the control group received no treatment. To collect data, the Luthans Psychological capital Questionnaire (2007) was used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-v22 software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (covariance analysis). The results showed that both of the interventions used in this study can significantly improve the psychological capital and its components (hope, optimism, self-efficacy and resiliency) in infertile women (p <0.05), But the Stress Inoculation Training has a greater impact on the improvement of psychological capital and its components. Based on the results of this study, acceptance and commitment therapy and stress inoculation training are effective interventions in increasing the psychological capital of infertile women But the effect of the Stress Inoculation Training relief was greater.

The emergence of marital disagreements and divorce, seriously damages the women’s psychological, emotional and communicative components of the women. Therefore the present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating effectiveness of positivist psychotherapy on psychological wellbeing, forgiveness and marital burnout of the women exposed to divorce in the city of Isfahan. It was quasi-experimental study with the pretest, posttest and control group design. The statistical population of this study included all the women asking for divorce in the city of Isfahan who were selected through available sampling method and were replaced into experimental (15 individuals) and control (15 individuals) groups. Psychological wellbeing questionnaire, questionnaire of tendency to forgiveness and the questionnaire of marital burnout were used. The data were analyzed through ANCOVA method. The results showed that the positivist psychotherapy is effective on psychological wellbeing, forgiveness and marital burnout of the women exposed to divorce in the city of Isfahan (p≤0.05).  Therefore this therapy could lead to the improvement of psychological wellbeing and forgiveness of the women exposing to divorce and decrease of marital burnout. According to the results it can be concluded that the positivist psychotherapy can be considered an effective therapy to improve psychological wellbeing, and forgiveness of the women exposing to divorce and decrease of their marital burnout through training concepts such as hope and optimism as an effective therapy.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of trans- cranial direct electrical stimulation (TDCS) on improving visual attention in high school students. This quasi-experimental research was carried out in a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population was all the high school students in district 2 of Tehran city the enrolled in the academic year of 1395-1396. Sampling was carried out voluntarily. Thus, among the high schools of Tehran 2nd district, 3 schools were randomly selected. In the next step, calls were made on the bulletin boards of these schools. Then volunteers were invited. The data were collected by questionnaire of general mental health(SCL-25)and Tools-Pieron test.At first, the questionnaires were performed as pre-test and then, a direct trans-cranial electric stimulation )TDCS( of the brain was performed for the experimental group. Subsequent invasive brain electrochemical stimulation was performed for the experimental group. At the end of the course, participants were re-evaluated using the Toulouse-Pyrin Precision Test, which comprised post-test data. Covariance test was used to evaluate the difference of responses before and after electrical stimulation and analysis of data. The results of the post-intervention study showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the visual attention variable. It can be said that trans- cranial direct electrical stimulation)TDCS( is effective in improving visual attention of high school students.

the present study was performed to determine effectiveness of positive psychotherapy intervention on stress in mothers of intellectually disabled children.
In this study, 30 mothers with intellectually disabled children were selected and then assigned equally into an experimental and control group through random assignment method. The assessment tool was parental stress scale. First questionnaires were implemented as pretest and then positive psychotherapy intervention was performed for experimental group in 8 two-hour sessions. At the end of the course, participants were reevaluated using parental stress scale. Data were analyzed using multi-variable variance analysis.

There is evidence of a relationship between mind and body about pain. The aim of this study was to study the structural relations among chronic pain, mindfulness and behavioral activation and inhibition systems.
The present research is descriptive-correlative, retrospective, and cross-sectional.In this research from 300 students, 166 students with chronic pain from the Payam-E-Noor University of Tehran were selected by voluntary and available sampling. McGill pain questionnaire, and five-facet mindfulness scale and behavioral activation and inhibition systems scale were used as research tools for data collection.Data were analyzed using correlation and structural equation.
The results showed that the hypothesized model fit is good and acceptable. Behavioral Activation System has a direct and negative effect on pain) β=0/38) and behavioral inhibition system direct and positive effect on pain) β=0/36). The Behavioral Activation System through the mediation of mindfulness has an indirect effect on pain and behavioral inhibition system through mindfulness has an indirect effect on pain.
It can be concluded that behavioral activation and inhibition systems and mindfulness important determinants of pain.

Today, psychological capital is considered as one of the important organizational intangible assets due to being teachable and influencing occupational variables. The present study has investigated the effectiveness of Ellis intervention model on promotion of psychological capital of experts working in industrial centers. Statistical population of the present semi- experimental research consisted of experts working in Iran Khodro Diesel Company from which a total number of 60 participants were selected using regular random sampling method and then they were assigned to experimental and control groups. After completion of Luthans Psychological Capital Questionnaire by both groups, the experimental group received training in 10 two-hour sessions using Ellis rational emotive behavioral method. The experiment was im- plemented in two other steps in order to collect post-test data and follow-up. The results of multi-variable variance analysis indicated that the scores of post-test and follow-up in hope, optimism, self-efficacy, and resilience components were higher in experimental group who had been under Ellis intervention, compared to the control group. The results of univariate tests indicated that hope, optimism, self-efficacy, and resilience components were significant according to descriptive results and it consequently represents the sustainable effects of Ellis intervention in follow-up and increased effectiveness on optimism. Ellis intervention model and method has promoted the level of psychological capital in employees.

Ellis rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) has been approved as a way to decrease some health problems. Therefore, it may be effective in promoting health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of REBT on the health.
the research is a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population included 650 experts working in Iran Khodro Diesel Company. 60 people were selected using random sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups. The general health questionnaire was used as a measurement tool. At first, this questionnaire was in the pre-test and the experimental group received Ellis method. Then the test was implemented in two further stages of post-test and follow-up. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 software and variance test (ANOVA).
The results of the analysis showed that using Ellis health method and social functioning subscales, anxiety and depression have improved in the experimental group compared to the control group (0/88, 0/04) (P Therefore, it can be stated that Ellis method has been fruitful on the improvement of mental health and its subscales, and it is recommended that courses such as Ellis intervention program can be held in work environments.