هایده حیدری

Adolescents with type 1 diabetes face numerous physical and mental challenges. Effective training programs can enhance self-care behaviors in this age group. Bandura's self-efficacy theory has been widely used as a theoretical framework for developing educational interventions. This study investigated the impact of a theory-based care program, incorporating pictograms and lectures, on the self-efficacy and blood sugar management of adolescents with type I diabetes.

This semi-experimental study was conducted in Shahrekord with a control and intervention group. Simple random sampling was used to select 68 adolescents with type 1 diabetes. The intervention group participated in a three-session training program based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory, which included lectures and the use of pictograms. Data were collected using standardized diabetes self-efficacy questionnaires and HbA1c tests. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 26, employing Wilcoxon, paired t-tests, independent t-tests, chi-square, and Fisher's exact tests.

Prior to the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in self-efficacy scores or HbA1c levels between the control and intervention groups. After the intervention, the self-efficacy scores in the intervention group significantly increased compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Similarly, post-intervention HbA1c levels decreased significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.001).

A supportive care program based on Bandura's self-efficacy theory, using pictograms and lectures, effectively improved self-efficacy and blood sugar management in adolescents with type I diabetes. Incorporating such interventions into educational programs for diabetic patients is recommended to enhance self-efficacy and improve disease management outcomes.

The birth of a premature baby is unexpected for mothers, and they experience negative emotions such as anxiety after it, which causes a decrease in self-efficacy. This study aimed to assess the impact of Emmons's gratitude support-educational program on the anxiety and self-efficacy of mothers with premature infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord, Iran.

A semi-experimental study was conducted on 41 mothers of premature babies in the neonatal intensive care unit of Hajar Hospital. Participants were selected using the convenience method and divided into two intervention and control groups. The control group's sampling took one month, while the intervention group's sampling took five months. To minimize bias, the control group was sampled before the intervention group. At three point included the beginning, immediately after the intervention, and one month after the intervention, both mothers groups completed Beck's anxiety and Barnes self-efficacy questionnaires. The intervention group underwent nine sessions, while the control group received no intervention. Emmons's gratitude program reduces negative symptoms and increases positive emotions by using the technique of gratitude and remembering blessings. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests (chi-square, two-sample independent t, Fisher's exact test, and repeated measurements) in SPSS statistical software version 25 with a significance level of less than 0.05.

There was no statistically significant difference in the mean score of mothers' anxiety (P = 0.67) and their self-efficacy (P = 0.16) between the two groups before the intervention. Immediately after the intervention and during the follow-up period, the two groups showed a statistically significant difference in mothers' mean anxiety and self-efficacy scores (P<0.001). Analysis of variance with repeated measures indicated that the impact of time on the mean score of anxiety and self-efficacy was significant in the intervention group (P<0.001).

Based on the intervention's effectiveness in reducing anxiety and improving self-efficacy, it is recommended that managers and health planners take the necessary steps to train personnel in using Emmons' gratitude method to enhance the well-being of mothers with premature babies in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Admitting a child to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) brings various physical, psychological and social consequences for parents. Supporting parental self-efficacy is a step to ensure successful implementation of pediatric care. Therefore, it is necessary to provide appropriate interventions to reduce anxiety and stress and improve self-efficacy of parents. Although mobile-based education has been used for patients in many studies, its use for family caregivers of children admitted to PICU is limited. This study aims to assess the effect of a mobile-based educational program on the anxiety and self-efficacy of mothers with children admitted to PICUs in Iran.

In this quasi-experimental study, participants were 60 mothers of children admitted to the PICUs of hospitals in Shahrekord, Iran from April to August 2022. They were selected using a convenience sampling method and were divided into two intervention and control groups. The intervention group received a mobile-based educational program for four days, one session per day, each for  60 minutes. For the control group, routine education was given by the ward nurses. Data were collected by Spielberger’s state-trait anxiety inventory and Schwarzer & Jerusalem’s general self-efficacy scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

The mean self-efficacy score in the intervention group increased significantly compared to the pre-intervention score (from 19.60±4.01 to 21.87±5.13; P<0.001), but no significant difference was observed in the control group (from 18.53±4.23 to 19.30±5.40; P=0.393). In the intervention group, the mean anxiety score decreased significantly compared to the pre-intervention score (from 47.33±5.52 to 43.63±5.27; P=0.001) but no significant difference was observed in the control group (from 48.30±6.88 to 46.43±9.02; P=0.131). There was no significant difference between the two groups in anxiety and self-efficacy scores before and after the intervention (P>0.05).

Nurses can reduce anxiety and increase the self-efficacy of mothers of children admitted to PICUs by using other measures along with virtual education, which requires more research in this field.

Diagnosing a child with cancer is associated with a series of stressful experiences and significant suffering for the child and family members. In such situations, one of the strategies that children with cancer use to deal with the disease process is spiritual coping, which aims at managing stress and dealing with critical situations. Therefore, healthcare professionals should have sufficient knowledge regarding the role of spirituality in the care of children with cancer and consider providing spiritual care to the whole family.

The current research is a narrative review that was conducted in 2023 to investigate and identify the role of spirituality in the care of children with cancer. To access related studies, relevant keywords were searched in Persian and English databases. A total of 6 articles in the Farsi language and 42 articles in the English language were extracted. After reviewing these articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1 article in Farsi and 12 articles in English were included in the study and their results were analyzed.

After analyzing the results of the studies included in the current research, the role of spirituality in the care of children with cancer was classified into five main categories, including hopefulness, coping with the situations created due to the child's illness, achieving inner peace and tranquility, receiving support, and acceptance of the situations created due to the child's illness.

The results obtained in the present study can be used by healthcare professionals as well as managers and policymakers to provide holistic and high-quality care (including spiritual care) to children with cancer and their family members.

Anxiety is one of the most important symptoms after orthopedic surgery which can have various side effects and negatively affect the process of recovery after surgery. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of Melissa Officinalis tea and Matricaria Chamomilla tea on anxiety of patients after lower limb orthopedic surgery.

This was a randomized controlled trial which was conducted on 96 patients after lower-limb orthopedic surgery in Ayatollah Kashani hospital in Shahrekord, Iran. Patients were selected with convenience sampling method and allocated to either Melissa Officinalis, Chamomile or control group. For Melissa Officinalis group, 1g of Melissa tea, for Chamomile group 1g chamomile tea and for control group black tea was prescribed 3 times a day. Anxiety of participants was evaluated before start of interventions and after each step of interventions using Spielberger’s state anxiety inventory. The mean score of anxiety before interventions and the mean changes of anxiety score after each step of interventions compared between groups. Data were analyzed with descriptive and analytical statistics using SPSS software.

the results of Tukey’s post-hoc test showed that after the second step of interventions till the last step, the mean change of anxiety score in Melissa Officinalis and Chamomile group was significantly greater than in the control group (P<0.05).   

The results of this study show that prescription of Melissa Officinalis and Chamomile tea is effective in reducing anxiety of patients after lower limb orthopedic surgery.

The care team's awareness of the adaptive behavior of parents having a child with thalassemia and the teaching of teachings related to strengthening parents' religious beliefs and beliefs helps them adapt to stress and crisis. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the religious behavior of parents of a child with thalassemia along with the interpretation of related Quranic teachings.

This study was done in two steps with two methods. Content analysis was used to analyze the adaptive behaviors of parents having a child with thalassemia, and a library method was used by reviewing authentic religious sources and the Holy Quran to apply relevant Quranic teachings.

After analysis of the data, three categories were obtained. The category of searching for hope and trust in God was according to the interpretation of Surah al-Kahf verse 23 and Surah Ghafir verse 44, the seeking information category was according to the interpretation of Surah an-Nahl verse 43 and Surah al-Anbiya verse 7, and the category of spirituality and compromise with child illness was according to the interpretation of Surah Ar-Ra'd verse 28.

The results of this research provide new insight to the treatment team and help them to identify spiritual resources such as hope and trust in God, search for information and spirituality, and compromise with the disease. Also, teaching Quranic teachings to parents plays an important role in the adaptation of parents of a child with thalassemia.

The birth of a premature baby can change all the emotions of parents and replace stress. It is necessary to identify the factors that aggravate and relieve maternal stress and adopt strategies to reduce it. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of supportive care program based on Bandura’s self-efficacy on aggravating and stress relieving factors of mothers of neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit

A quasi-experimental study was performed in 2020 on 90 mothers of premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a Hospital in Shahrekord by convenience sampling method. The experimental group has received an educational intervention based on the theory of self-efficacy in four two-hour sessions with the presentation of an educational booklet. Data were collected using a self-designed questionnaire before and after the intervention in both groups and were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 performing paired t-test, independent t-test, and Chi-square.

The results showed that the mean score of stressors in mothers of preterm infants in the control group decreased from 42.73 ± 6.26 to 42.62 ± 7.09, which was not statistically significant (P= 0.906) while in the experimental group it was decreased from 48.78 ± 4.36 to 25.33 ± 4.84, which was statistically significant (P <0.001). The mean score of soothing agents for mothers of preterm infants increased from 2.98 ± 2.61 to 3.07 ± 2.29 in the control group which was not statistically significant (P = 0.415) and in the experimental group it was increased from 4.51±1.72 to 7.29 ± 1.16, which was statistically significant (P <0.001).

Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended to implement interventions to make parents of premature infants, especially mothers ready to face the baby in the intensive care unit.

Urinary stones are the third most common genital tract disease after urinary tract infections and prostate diseases. Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) is the most common treatment for more than half of all kidney stones. Most patients experience pain during the surgery, despite the use of pain killer after ESWL. This study aimed to investigate the effect of prayer on pain in the patients who underwent ESWL.

This clinical trial was performed on 120 patients who were referred to Ayatollah Kashani Hospital, Shahrekord, Iran, for ESWL in 2018. Patients were divided into two experimental and control groups. In addition to the reception of routine care, the test group repeated the prayer “peace be upon Mohammad and his descendants” during ESWL. However, the control group only received routine care. The pain score was determined using McGill Pain Questionnaire and the collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 20) through descriptive statistics and t-test.

The scores of pain variations in the prayer (intervention) and control groups were estimated at -11.10±10.13 and -1.85±8.67, respectively. Based on the results obtained from the Tukey test, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of pain variations (P=0.001). There was a significant difference between the mean drug use in the control and experimental groups (P=0.01).

This study showed that prayer therapy reduced the pain of the patients who underwent ESWL.

Pediatric angiography has been widely used for the diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart disorders in children over the past two decades. The work environment of the nurses of pediatric intensive care units is highly stressful due to various technical and medical equipment and patients with life-threatening diseases. In order to improve special pediatric care environments, attention must be paid to the experiences and opinions of the nurses employed in these units. To this end, the prioritization of the health of workplace and applying multidimensional approaches to the health promotion of the workplace are paramount. Considering the teamwork involved in patient care and treatment and increased number of beds in intensive care units, it is critical to evaluate the perceptions of physicians and nurses regarding the aspects of care in intensive care units. The improvement of the performance of pediatric critical care nurses and attention to their experiences and viewpoints are also essential in this regard. To this end, the prioritization of the health of workplace and applying multidimensional approaches to the health promotion of the workplace are paramount. The use of pediatric angiography has increased in the past two decades. In addition, the differences in the culture, environment, and education of nurses in pediatric intensive care units, along with the differences in the hospitalized patients further emphasize on the necessity of qualitative research. However, most of the studies in this regard have been performed with a quantitative approach, while only qualitative research could determine the dimensions of the perceptions of the healthcare team. To date, no qualitative studies have assessed the experiences of the healthcare team in the pediatric angiography ward. The present study aimed to elaborate on the necessities and requirements of the pediatric angiography ward from the perspective of the healthcare team.

This study was conducted using the qualitative content analysis approach in 2018. The sample population included 20 subjects, including nine nurses, four radiologists, and seven cardiologists, who were selected via purposeful sampling from the angiography unit of Hajar Hospital in Shahrekord, Iran. The inclusion criteria were the nurses and physicians with one year of work experience in the angiography or cardiology ward and willingness to participate in the study, and the exclusion criterion was unwillingness to participate. The duration of the interviews was 35-60 minutes, and the recordings were performed in accordance with ethical principles. Data collection and interviews continued until reaching data saturation. Data collection and analysis continued for four months. The semi-structured, individual interviews were initiated with the nurses and physicians with an open question ("Please explain your experiences of working in the pediatric angioplasty ward."/"What challenges have you faced in performing pediatric angiography?") The interviews continued with probing questions ("Please explain further."/"Please set an example.") The obtained data were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. After the researcher listened to the recorded interviews several times, he was immersed in the data to obtain an overview of the interviews. All the interviews were transcribed word-for-word, so that the words containing the key concepts would be highlighted and the codes would be extracted. After extracting the concepts and codes from important sentences and paragraphs, they were classified into categories based on the similarities and differences, and the categories were reduced to a smaller number of categories based on their correlations. In order to maximize the diversity of the participants, the research units were selected from the nurses, physicians (pediatric cardiologists), and radiologists engaged in the angiography ward. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the research findings, the four criteria of credibility, dependability, transferability, and conformability were considered. To observed ethical considerations, a letter of recommendation was obtained from the Vice-Chancellor of Research of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. In addition, written informed consent and permission to record the interviews were obtained from the subjects prior to participation.

The mean age of the nurses was 34 years, and the mean work experience in the angiography ward was five years. The mean age of the radiologists was 31.5 years, and the mean work experience in the angiography ward was three years. The mean age of the pediatric cardiologists was 45 years, and the mean work experience in the angiography ward was five years. Data analysis yielded the three categories of the sensitivity of the ward, the necessity of the proper use of specialized equipment, and the need for education and skills training. The category of the sensitivity of the ward had three subcategories of the special conditions of the patients, sterilization of the angiography environment, and the need to become familiarized with the ward. The category of the proper use of specialized equipment had two subcategories of expensive equipment and management regulations of the maintenance of specialized equipment. The category of the need for education and skills training had two subcategories of the need for knowledge skills and the need for communication skills.

The three most important findings of this study were the need for familiarity and proper use of specialized equipment and the necessity of education and skills training, which are like a golden treasure, the key to which is in the hands of hospital managers and officials. The training of the healthcare team in the angiography ward is a gradual and continuous process. Among the required skills for practice in the angiography ward are having adequate knowledge and the ability to properly communicate with the patients and their companions and the ability to use the specialized equipment correctly and appropriately, which could be achieved through the implementation of communication and counseling training courses, training on the use of specialized equipment, and the necessary preparations for the personnel of this ward. Considering the sensitivity of the angiography ward, the criticality of the applied procedures in the ward, and important issues such as clinical governance and accreditation, special attention should be paid to educational need assessment in order to implement proper interventions by hospital managers and health planners in terms of the training and skills of the personnel.

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major health concern, which is associated with high mortality and morbidity and treatment costs. Although prevention is considered a priority is in this regard, there are no specific standards in Iran based on the specific conditions and care culture for the prevention of pulmonary embolism. The present study aimed to develop national standards of nursing care for the prevention of VTE.

In this descriptive study, the care standards for the prevention of pulmonary embolism were extracted from valid references. At the second stage, a checklist was prepared, and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Finally, the Delphi technique was used to finalize the respective checklists at the first stage by 12 experts and the second stage by 120 experts, with the consensus of over 70%. Data analysis was performed in SPSS.

The obtained results were finalized in four phases. The first phase was patient evaluation (four standards in the form of 67 checklists), the second phase was prophylaxis (three standards in the form of 22 checklists), the third phase was drug management and preventive measures (two standards in the form of 24 checklists), and the fourth phase was the nursing process (four standards in the form of 155 checklist).

Based on the results of the third stage, the standards with lower consensus than 70% were eliminated, and the standards with higher consensus than 70% were established. It is hoped that these standards would improve the quality of nursing care and contribute to the prevention of pulmonary embolism in Iran.

Effective communication requires proper communication skills. Improving the quality of communication skills is considered to be a global issue. The present study aimed to design, implement, and evaluate a communication skills programs for nursing students.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted using the consensus method on 52 fourth-year nursing students in the six steps of Kern. In the first and second stages, the needs of the students were assessed via focus group analysis and interviews. Correspondingly, the third step involved setting goals, including the clarification of the importance of communication skills, applying various communication models, performing various scenarios in apathetic, sympathetic, and empathetic roles, and determining the planning approach for parental meeting. In the fourth stage, various  methods (e.g., slides, scenarios, and role-playing) were applied as the effective strategies to achieve the goals. The processes were carried out in the clinical rooms of the Department of Nursing and Midwifery. In the fifth stage, various scenarios were performed by the students, and in the sixth stage, the applied communication skills by the students were evaluated based on a quasi-experimental method. Data analysis was performed in SPSS using dependent t-test.  

The mean score of all the communication skills of the student was 5.95±3.72, which increased to 13.93±3.03 after the intervention, and the difference in this regard was considered significant (P≤0.001).  

According to the results, the applied communication skills program could enhance the communication skills of the nursing students. Therefore, it is recommended that communication skills be integrated into the nursing curriculum to help nurses have proper interactions with patients.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of thinking distraction on the anxiety severity in patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the ESWL department of Ayatollah Kashani hospital in Shahrekord.

This is a clinical trial study that was conducted in 2018 in 120 patients referred to Ayatollah Keshāni Hospital in Shahrekord for the purpose of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Patients were selected through convenience sampling and divided into experimental and control groups  in a quasi-random method. In addition to routine care, the test group received the natural sound of the event along with its beautiful scenery, and the control group received routine care only. The patient's anxiety was measured based on the Spielberger questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software, descriptive statistics and t test.

Mean anxiety score changes in distraction receiver group, - 21/56± 98   and in the control group was -5/21± 8/12. There was a significant difference (p = 0.001) between the control group and group receiving the thinking distraction  .

distraction method is effective in reducing anxiety in patients undergoing extracorporeal lithotripsy and can be used to manage pain in the future.

The effect of emotional intelligence on the success of individuals in health care organizations is very important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Benson relaxation and progressive muscle relaxation on emotional intelligence of nurses in special departments.

In this clinical trial study, 105 nurses of the intensive care units of Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals in Shahrekord during 2018-2019, were randomly divided into two groups: Benson's progressive muscle relaxation and relaxation intervention group (35 people) and one group Control (35 people). The Benson relaxation intervention group performed Benson relaxation exercises for up to 20 minutes once a day for three months. The progressive muscle relaxation intervention group performed relaxation exercises for 45 minutes during three months on a daily basis. The data was collected through questionnaire of Shirring Emotional Intelligence and demographic information that was completed in three groups during before, immediately after, and three months after the intervention. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 18 and with significant level (P= 0.05).

Based on the results of ANOVA test with repeated measurement, the mean scores of emotional intelligence before and immediately after intervention in the progressive muscle relaxation group were significantly different (P= 0.008), while this difference was not significant in the control group (P = 0.515). It was also found that the mean score of emotional intelligence in Benson relaxation group was not significant before and immediately after the intervention (P = 0.345), while before and three months after intervention in Benson relaxation group was significant (P = 0.002).

The results showed that progressive muscle relaxation and Benson have a beneficial effect on emotional intelligence and can be implemented and educated as useful tools for improving the emotional intelligence of nurses in critical care units.

Parents play an important role in the care of infants in NICUs. Since parental support is an important part of the nurse's responsibility، this study was conducted to investigate the factors of parental stress relief. Qualitative content analysis was used in this study. Study participants included 21 parents، doctors and nurses in Isfahan hospitals who were selected by purposive sampling method. Based on the data analysis، three main categories were observed including supportive care factors، health care factors، and communication factors. Nurses performance in the NICU focuses on the survival and development needs of the infants. By taking into cconsideration that one of the tasks of neonatal nurses is providing proper care to the parents، awareness of the health care providers of parental stress relief can help them to reduce the stress of parents.

Clinical education is considered one of the most important parts of nursing education. We have little interest in family-centered care and education of students. This study was conducted to aim "investigate the nursing student experiences of family-centered care in 2013year". Participants in the study were 8 nursing students sixth semester that selected purposely. The principles and concepts of family-centered care and teaching of nursing process based on these principles has been developed and implemented with the participation. The student's experiences of teaching family-centered care were examined. Interviews with eight nursing students were saturated with these experiences were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. based on analysis of data from three main categories were obtained:main category of welcomes student's experiences of teaching with the following three subcategories consisted of and new and attractiveness of family centered care, sense of intimate connection between theory and practice, reduce stress and the main category the barriers to implementing family-centered care with the following four sub categories consisted of staff shortages, lack of time, space and personnel awareness of the inappropriateness of the concept of family-centered cared. The main category, the need to implement family-centered care with three sub-categories consisted of the necessity of change space, personnel training and necessity to attention the parents. family-centered care is caused health family and infant improving and it increased student satisfaction. Also family-centered care is a priority for the Ministry of Health. It has been recommended the theory and practice of family centered care might be added in Undergraduate Courses.

Parents of sick infants are incurred more stress than parents of healthy term infants. Since an important part of the responsibility of nurses are supports to the parents. The aim of this study was understands the system of parental support in neonatal intensive care unit. Qualitative content analysis was used in this study. The participants included 21 parents، doctors and nurses in Isfahan hospitals who were selected by purposive sampling method. Based on data analysis، four main categories were identified. Insurance organizations do not support the disruption of family support، parental economic problems، and cultural contexts. The family is the most important part of the community. Parental support system was impaired in neonatal intensive care unit. It is necessary to provide optimal care and environment NICU should be changed، Parents are involved in the care and necessary actions were done to promote the cultural background of community.

Objective (s): Control and prevention of growth of population by family planning programs were performed. Then it's define necessity of usage of contraceptives.There are many psychosomatic complications for each of these contraceptives such as sexual dysfunction.The aim of this study was to determine sexual function of women in using of different contraceptive methods. In this descriptive -analytical research, sample includes 306 cases of 15-49 years old married women that coverage of Shahinshahr city health care centers.The stratified sampling method was used for choosing of health care centers and share determination for each of them, easy sampling method was used to select referring women. The study tool was valid and reliable female sexual function questionnaire.Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical (ANOVA) statistics. Findings showed that the most common contraceptive method used with samples was natural method (28.4%) and the least common was wife vasectomy (1.8%). Also, the least common sexual dysfunction was with condom and the most common was with wife vasectomy. There was a significant difference between all of domain of sexual function (except of pain) with types of contraceptive methods (P<0/05). In using of different contraceptives, many sexual dysfunctions occur and these dysfunctions are more with permanent methods than others. Then sexual inclinations are in a frame of hormones, emotional excitement and social factors.

One of the most important factors for effective function in an organization is human factor. Social support is known as a psychocognitional factor in workplace that affects human productivity. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of perceived social support at domain of emotional support among hospital staff. In this cross-sectional study, 120 hospital staff who worked at a selected hospital of Isfahan were included based on convenience sampling. Data was collected using social support and demographic data questionnaires. These questionnaires were developed by researcher. The validity of questionnaires was evaluated by content analysis and reliability of questionnaires was evaluated by test re-test and data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics.Our results show that perceived social support at the domain of emotional support from coworkers (mean ± SD=3.34±0.9) was significantly more than perceived social support at domain of emotional support from managers (mean± SD =2.58±0.88). Also, a significant association was found between perceived social support at the domain of emotional support and age and work experience (P<0.005).In conclusion social support from personnel at the domain of emotional support is necessary for increasing human productivity and hospital managers can affect staff efficiency by developing their relationship with hospital personnel.

The Burnout syndrome among the staff of hospitals has increased in the recent years and their health is being at risk. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome among the staff of a selected hospital in Isfahan. This is a crosssectional analytical study which was conducted with the participation of 96 employees. The study subjects were employed at the hospital within the research year. The subjects were selected through convenience sampling. The data was gathered by demographic questionnaire and Maslach burnout inventory. The data was also analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics. (TTest and Chi square) The results showed 53.4% with moderate to high levels of emotional exhaustion, 71.4% with moderate to high levels of inefficiency and 56.9% with moderate to high levels of depersonalization and pessimism About the intensity scale of burnout, 39.4% of those with moderate to high levels of emotional fatigue, 75.3% moderate to high levels of inefficiency and a 59.5% moderate to high levels of depersonalization and paranoia have been reported. The Burnout syndrome in female employees was seen more than men. It seems necessary to take the mental health of the staff into consideration as an important goal. This prevents many of the factors that affect mental and physical diseases. Thereby, this is an step toward increasing the efficiency and productivity of the employees.

Background and aims Increasing productivity in an organization requires providing various conditions; important of all is human factor. Social support is known as a psychological factor in workplace that effect on productivity of human factor. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of perceived social support among hospital personnel. MethodsIn order to do this research 120 of employees of a selected hospital in Isfahan were surveyed using a self-report questionnaire. A convenience sampling method was used to select the samples. The questionnaire measured demographic information of employees and their perceived social support by coworkers and managers. The questionnaire was validated using the expert's judgment. A Chi - Square test was used to test the relationship between the demographic information and the perceived social support. ResultsThe findings indicated that the employee's perceived social support by coworkers (with the mean of 3.34 ± 0.48 on scale of 1-5) was higher than the perceived social support by managers (with mean of 3.19 ± 0.4). The Chi-Square test also showed a significant relationship between perceived social support and age and work experience of the employees (p<0.01). ConclusionThe employees perceived social support by managers is not at the ideal level in the investigated hospital and for increasing the productivity level in this organization it is necessary that managers to take new policies under consideration. Meanwhile establishing a stronger relationship with employees can potentially increase the employee's efficiency.

Postpartum depression endangers mother’s health and has negative effect on her social communication and infant development.Assertiveness is a part of life skills that improve depression.Therefore, this study was done aiming at determining the effect of assertiveness on postpartum depression. Materials & Menthods: This Study was a semi-exprimental, witch was accomplished in Fateme Zahra hospital in Najafabad.60 samples were selected from mothers with 4-8weeks after delivery through convenience method and then divided into 2groups randomly.Case group intervention was accomplished. Depression in both groups before and 1month after intervention was measured by Beck questionnaire.The obtained data were analyzed by statistical tests, paired –T, independent T, X2 and P≤0.05 was taken as the significant level. Mean depression score before intervention (32.7± 7.1)and after it (21.8 ± 6.7) showed a significant decrease in the case group (P<0.001). Comparison of mean depression between the case (21.8 ± 6.7) and control group (31.7 ± 6) after the intervention revealed a significant difference(P=0.01), while there was no significant difference between them before the intervention (P=0.4). Mean depression rate in the control group before the intervention (31.2± 5.4) and after it (31.7±6) did not show a significant difference (P=0.51) According to the results of this study and considering negative effect of postpartum depression on family function, more attention should be given to this disorder.

Violence against women is now recognized as an important public health problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and types of violence against women and its associated factors. This is a descriptive–analytical and cross sectional study. The sample consisted of 92 women referring to the Amiralmomenin Hospital in Ahwaz that were selected via a convenience sampling method. Data were gathered by questionnaire and were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics. Findings showed that 63% of women experienced physical violence, 52.2% sexual violence, and 42.4 % emotional violence. In physical violence slap in the face and burning with 25.9% and 1.7%, in sexual violence, starting sex without consent and the use of force for sex 16.7% and 4.2% and in emotional violence, insulting and threatening be imprisoned at home with 15.4% and 2.6% are the high and least frequency and types of violence. Other findings indicated that there was a significant relationship between violence and educational level, citizenship, and family relationship (P<0.05). It is recommended to screen such cases routinely in order to recognize abused women for counseling. Promoting knowledge of the public will have a significant role on decreasing violence.

During recent years, in most developed countries there have been many attempts to increase the application rate of entonox inhalation using education and other interfering methods. In this study, the effect of entonox and pure oxygen inhalation on pain intensity of delivery was compared.

In this interventional study, 60 women with term pregnancy in Fatemeh Zahra Hospital of Najafabad were selected based on purposive method and were randomly divided into 2 equal case and control groups. The case group inhaled entonox and control group only inhaled pure oxygen. Mcgill pain questionnaire was used to measure the intensity of the labor pain. Both groups were compared for labor pain and method of delivery. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square and p<0.05 was considered as significant.

The mean of labor pain intensity was decreased significantly after using entonox compared with the control group (p<0.001). Also, fewer patients in the case group required cesarean section compared with the control group; but the difference was not significant (p=0.52).