وحید صادقی

In languages, [r] with different manner of articulations (trill, flap, fricative, approximant) has occurred in different positions (alveolar, retroflex, velar). On the other hand, in different languages, the nature of the apical trill [r] in particular, has a great amount of variability in different phonetic contexts and may be affected and changed easily by the surrounding sounds. However, Formants’ frequencies, fundamental frequency, intensity and duration are those acoustic parameters analyzed and measured for Turkish [r] in this article. The data collected in this study show that [r] phoneme has various realizations according environment. It is realized differently depending on its position within a word. As an instance, the [r] in before and after voiced consonants, and in the intervocalic positions is approximant sound and in contrast, the manner of articulation of word-final [r] is voiceless alveolar fricative. The [r] in after and before voiceless consonants is voiced alveolar fricative. The word-initial [r] is also approximant.

Nourabad of Fars, like other geographical spaces, has been affected by geopolitical trends. This trend has affected it both on a neighboring and extraterritorial scale. In the meantime, the active actor of Iran could have greatly influenced this trend and emerged as a global player at least up to the border of the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf, and at most, as a global player. In general, these trends have affected the country of Iran and also on an internal scale, Nourabad of Fars, and suddenly, its elite human resources realized that they were not fluent in the first language of the world and were isolated and far from the global network. Along with the effective geopolitical trends, climate change and drought made this human (Iranian and Nourabad of Fars) vulnerable and made the conditions difficult and challenging for them. Geopolitical trends are those forces that are created by actors and affect national and intra-national spaces. Sometimes geopolitical trends cause development, in which case countries are guided by measured governance in the direction of the trends and are absorbed in them, but most often they cause underdevelopment because governance is against the trends or is in conflict with them. Therefore, it can be said that in parallel with inward-oriented statecraft, geopolitical trends have caused Iran's territorial isolation and backwardness from the communication network and integrated geographical scope.

Advertising is one of the key tools of candidates to present their programs and strategies in electoral competitions. Therefore, planning to carry out advertising in the best possible way is of interest to candidates and their think tanks. In this regard, the use of symbols and signs has a special application in the election campaigns of candidates and its expansion among their supporters. In the Mamasani and Rostam constituency, the movements of candidates are also of particular importance, and analyzing the discourse of these advertisements can reveal their hidden angles in creating electoral conflicts. On this basis, the discourse governing the attitude of each of them has been processed in order to carry out advertising in the second round of the Islamic Consultative Assembly elections. The following article, using the discourse analysis method in the five stages of "surface-surface", "surface-depth", "depth-surface", "deep" and "deeper", is based on the question of which discursive signifiers were the candidates' advertisements for the tenth term of the Islamic Consultative Assembly elections in the Mamasani and Rostam constituency based? The results of the research show that in the candidates' advertisements in this constituency, discursive signifiers such as local slogans, tribal-tribal symbols, creating excitement and feelings based on tribal structure in speechmaking and delivering speeches, which lead to mass mobilization, physical confrontation and conflict between them in the election campaign, played a prominent role.

Democracy and elections are the mechanism for implementing the will of the nation to the government to govern the land. A political person as an election candidate is considered an important component and groundwork for the election process, in such a way that without a political actor, the voter cannot have an action/choice. The election campaign is the most strategic window for the elites to enter the micro and macro politics of the country, therefore, election candidates, especially representatives of the parliament, have seized the opportunity and are seeking to maintain their political position and gain political power by announcing their candidacy again in this arena. Fars province consists of diverse geographical spaces, of which the Mamasani and Rostam constituencies with the center of Nourabad Fars are among them, where few representatives have announced their withdrawal from participating in the next round of elections. Therefore, the question arises: what are the reasons for the multiple presence of candidates and representatives in the election campaign? Or what are the most important social benefits of candidacy in the Nourabad Fars election campaign? The research method is qualitative-analytical in nature, in such a way that the collection of information is based on what has been observed in the context of twelve election cycles and what argumentative analysis is. The results of the research show that the three identifiers of "fame", "power" and "wealth" are the most important "social benefits" of announcing candidacy in election campaigns, especially by the representatives of the Nourabad Fars era. Apart from these, the demonstration of the level of "efficiency" and "service" are also other identifiers that reinforce this issue.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is identified as the initial stage of Alzheimer's disease. This condition presents less severe symptoms compared to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) to the extent that it does not significantly impact daily activities. Due to its subtle symptoms, diagnosing MCI is considerably more challenging than diagnosing Alzheimer's. However, early detection of MCI enhances the chances of treatment and prevention of its progression to Alzheimer's and dementia.

This study introduced a novel method for diagnosing MCI using an automated signal processing approach for electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The method employs advanced signal processing techniques, including discrete wavelet transform in preprocessing and wavelet packet decomposition alongside spatial-spectral filters for feature extraction from EEG signals. EEG signals from 29 patients and 32 healthy individuals were utilized in this study.

The proposed method achieved a classification accuracy of 100% using a random subsampling validation approach. Wavelet packet decomposition effectively isolated frequency sub-bands within the EEG signals, enabling precise extraction. Furthermore, feature extraction using features extracted by the filter bank common spatial pattern (FBCSP) contributed to the increased classification accuracy of the two groups.

This study introduces a novel approach for MCI diagnosis by extracting spatial-spectral features from frequency sub-bands of EEG signals obtained through wavelet packet decomposition. The findings underscore the significance of wavelet packet decomposition in separating frequency sub-bands and applying a common spatial pattern filter on these sub-bands for effective feature extraction in distinguishing healthy individuals from those with MCI.

Election campaign is a political process that can include all strata, classes and geographical spaces with its own social and political circles. Considering the significant registration of candidates in the Islamic Council elections, the present research seeks to explain the factors affecting the plurality of election candidates and the opportunities, challenges, harms and consequences resulting from it in Mamsani and Rostam constituencies. The research method is descriptive-analytical in nature, and the method of gathering information is based on the observation of local and provincial news-analytical databases, the activity of virtual electoral groups (WhatsApp, Telegram, etc.) and field observations of different periods of the Islamic Council elections. It is in Mamsani and Rostam constituencies. TIn general, this conclusion has been reached that only the wide registration of candidates to gain fame and electoral coalition as a result of political/tribal (tribal) exchange cannot solve the problem of Mamsani and Rostam development. Therefore, it is necessary for the serious action of the candidates to prepare and present a development-oriented program in order to put these cities on the path of development.

Development means mental transformation (in the cultural and social structure), objective transformation (in the structure of economic geography) and acceleration of virtual communication space (in the structure of political culture) with regard to environmental considerations (sustainability of the future of humanity) and well-being (human welfare). Is. Considering that the use of different development patterns can bring different outcomes for a territory, the main research question is what are the most important damages caused by the proposed development patterns in Mamasani county and which of the recent patterns Can they lead to the optimal pattern of development in this county? The research method is descriptive-analytical in nature. The tool for collecting information is based on library sources and field observations. The results of the research showed that the six proposed development patterns in Mamasani county can be identified and diagnosed. The bureaucratic model is based on tribal bureaucracy, the charismatic model is based on tribal emotions, and the authoritarian modernization model is based on short-term physical transformations combined with ignoring civic indicators. Therefore, the output of the last three models cannot be the optimal model of Mamasani development. Despite this, the models of technocracy, democracy and elite, despite having their own harms, respectively by providing long-term economic/technical benefits, emphasizing political, social, civil, citizenship factors; and the specialization of the elites in affairs, they can better figure out the optimal model of development under the name of "elite techno democracy".

Political marketing includes an organizational unit for political communication or a set of processes of creating and establishing a relationship and providing value to the voters, which seeks to manage the relationship in a way that is beneficial for both the organization and the stakeholders. It is beneficial. Advertising as one of the effects of political marketing is to manipulate and pull public opinion towards a specific goal and opinion. Through such advertisements, election candidates try to increase their political weight, give spirit to the election campaign and strengthen their vote base. The main question of the research is, on what basis is the political marketing of the candidates of Mamsani and Rostam constituencies based? The research method has a descriptive-analytical nature and the data collection tool is based on field observation and statistics. The results of the research show that the political marketing of the candidates of Mamsani and Rostam constituencies was based on three identifiers: "election headquarters", "election campaigns" and "areas/residences". Therefore, regardless of the tribal voting pattern and the amount of material and financial expenses, the political marketing of candidates with different tactics has acted as a fundamental step towards their victory in the election campaign of the Islamic Council in Mamsani and Rostam constituencies.

Encouraging political participation through electoral behavior is the most crucial mission for a candidate and their team. In other words, how the political process is initiated and how the game is played effectively to benefit oneself while also deepening competitive democracy requires a nuanced art and comprehensive, professional strategies. Election activists can explore and utilize various aspects of political participation by understanding diverse electoral behaviors, the nature and functionality of these actions, and how to create them. There are numerous factors involved in electoral competitions that, to varying degrees, influence a candidate’s ability to secure a position and achieve political power. These factors range from cultural and social elements to economic and livelihood conditions, as well as communication, networking, and geographic factors, which are fundamental and vital in overcoming political rivals during an electoral campaign.

The current article is a research-based study that is dual in nature regarding its objective both fundamental/theoretical and applied. However, its predominant aspect can be considered applied, specifically problem-solving. It is applied in the sense that the results aim to settle a problem, which is how electoral candidates can achieve victory and attain political power.

This study showed that there is no single factor that can predict how people vote. Instead, a combination of various factors explains voting behavior in electoral contexts. There are diverse and various factors and strategies involved in the success of candidates in electoral campaigns. Political actors cannot effectively influence the voters' perception and play a significant role in elections by relying solely on one or a few components or strategies. The findings indicate that activists who have entered the electoral arena with a well-structured and comprehensive plan have managed the electoral environment more effectively. Therefore, candidates need to develop and articulate well-founded and comprehensive factors and strategies to ensure their strong and stable presence in electoral contests, enabling them to outperform their rivals, attract votes, and ultimately win the election.

Electoral candidates are the central actors in an election, serving as the focal point of the electoral campaign. The following question then arises: What factors contribute to a candidate's success? Various factors influence this outcome, as explained through theories of electoral behavior and political participation approaches. Sociological, social psychological, and political economic theories emphasize social, psychological, and cognitive indicators and components, focusing on subcultures and macro-social cultures (demographic characteristics and membership in institutions and groups) and the individual's loyalty to party’s identity and rational, demand-driven actions. In this context, elitist, political communication, and electoral geography theories place significance on political elites and adherence to directives, media, and interactions among the electorate within geographical spaces of varying scales (states, provinces, counties, districts, neighborhoods, and regions; spatial differences). These theories highlight the importance of active political forces, spatial communication tools, and comprehensive coverage of the electorate within the geographical space. Therefore, it can be said that the factors are diverse and unequal, with each factor and strategy having its own mechanisms and operational contexts. Among these factors and strategies, five strategies (factors) with their respective components—namely, the personal and social personality of candidates, political parties, money and financial resources, media, and geographical perspective—are considered to play the most significant and influential roles in a candidate's electoral success. Actors should primarily focus on these five spatial factors in their electoral campaigns

Iran is a long standing land in political geography, long standing has created an ancient age for Iran which is called civilization. The land/sea civilization of Iran has been the geography of the connection of tribes, traders, politics, nomadic life and space, which has always drawn the space towards happiness and innovation until today, when Iran becomes developmentalist and technician-oriented. . The question of the article is, does the existence of such an ancient maritime land civilization indicate the way of development in this way, and the creation of such a touristic and music-oriented atmosphere can connect current Iran to the region and relatively to the world/west? So, according to the claim of this article, the touristic and music-loving marine civilization can establish the peaceful Iranian civilization. The text has a qualitative nature of analysis that follows the presentation of the geographic peace strategy. The strategy of marine civilization based on tourism and music, or rather "marine civilization of tourism and music" in this article, which is a strategy, is based on a concept called body geography, and other ideas, concepts, and necessary categories are given that have been found. are riding on it. After the theoretical foundations, the conclusions of the article are stated until the article is concluded.

Inside Iran, there are spaces that are full of energy places. There is no place in the space of a country without capabilities and potential, and the surface of the earth, like its interior, and the entire globe, are resources and sources of energy. Shiraz and the wide expanse of Fars have always been considered as a reminder of tourism and memorization, that's why in this article, a place from this vast field is mentioned, which is considered the geography of energy. Geography studies and examines energy sources and the process of evolution of geographical spaces. The study of the spectrum from space to the development of space is the responsibility of geographical sciences. Therefore, the observations show that Noorabad Fars, where the sun does not set in its vast land, has various geographical energy sources that can be a formula for wealth if properly managed in times of water scarcity, overcrowding, etc. The cultivation of human beings living in this space and the development of the social environment. The local governments of Noorabad, Fars, were not experts and professionals, and did not process energy and resources and protect the environment. However, the opportunity to rebuild is enough to preserve the capacities for future generations. The results of the research show that tourism attractions have made Noorabad, Fars, a geography of energy, among which 32 tourist places in the form of infrastructure and tourism reforms by the owners (rulers, brokers and people), the amount of tourists and investors. It attracts more foreigners on a provincial, national and even international scale, which provides economic growth and development and better living conditions for citizens.

Identifying the feature as a specific target, whether static or moving, is one of the main challenges in image processing and can be used in fields such as monitoring, determining the position of strategic features, co-referencing images, producing 3D models and etc. Due to the fact that satellite images can cover a large area with less time and cost, therefore, target detection on the satellite images is more important and useful. In the research, the aim is using the ability of radar images to identify geometric structures and the ability of multispectral images to identify the nature of features, to reduce the problems in this field. Some of the problems include: the presence of futures with a weak geometric pattern, the geometric or spectral similarity of features with each other, the presence of multiple candidates and the occurrence of problems to achieve a single target and the fading of the target due to high noise. In the algorithm designed and implemented in the research, step by step by analyzing the information extracted from the images, the target identification process is improved and the error is reduced until finally, by integrating the results of radar and spectral image processing, the number of candidates reaches to an acceptable level. The implementation of the proposed algorithm showed that in the integration process, the selection of target and specification of study area have a significant impact on the results. Also, there are many challenges in the target detection process. Among these challenges is the selection of the best, most useful image data and features to identify the target and also determine the optimal thresholds. Also, in the process of target detection with radar images, it was found that both the geometric features and the height information extracted from the images have valuable contents that should be used together to achieve the desired result.

How to draw the vote towards the geography of support is the main issue of the election campaign, and the concern of the campaign strategists, the first-class advisers of the election candidates. The geography of the body means the integrated and functional environment of the body, so that every member/region affects the target society/voters and political power is gained. Before being portrayed through tools, candidates enrich the political elite because they are the main agents. Historically, until now in the developed societies of Switzerland, Finland, Norway, New Zealand, Australia, the Netherlands, parties' election campaigns, in European and / American democracies, the competition of wealthy political persons and purchasing tools in the form of participation, in Asian / African quasi-democracies. Local nationalism is the essence of election campaigns and political power is gained. Parties have an awareness aspect, individuals have a political aspect, nationalism has a historical/social aspect. Awareness has provided development, individuals, competition and nationalism have created pluralism for these geographical spaces. In terms of the development/theoretical/geographical process, the Michigan school of social psychology through party identity, the Columbia school of sociology theory through social construction, and the Rochester school of economic theory of democracy through optimal and profitable decision-making. It has been suggested that the environment itself is the individual and the heart of this individual/political person is the center of the election campaign. Each of the body's environments, having a member that has a special individual and social function, forms the content of headquarters and election campaigns. The question is what is the geography of the body and how it leads to the victory of the candidates in the election contests. The research method is qualitative and argumentative and inferential.

What is the election campaign and how does it acquire the nature of tourism and is it tourism itself is the question of the story of the current article? The election campaign is the shining arena of virtuous political people who respectfully gain power through political dynamics and are proud of the electoral behavior of their base. election behavior of any kind; If the author is released from prison, it will be sticky, civil and geographical. Political marketing is rooted in geographical differences, democracy, this is where the election campaign takes on the nature of tourism. The findings say that the only solution for world peace is tourism and music, in the case that tourism is becoming more important day by day and it even causes the formation of the metaphor of the geography of the body of the election campaign so that the body is a happy form. And it has been created and smooth in the idea of immortality and survival. Let it be said openly that this article says; Election campaign in democracies is tourism in the same way that in non-democracies it is participation and political work. According to a report, among 137 countries, according to six variables of GDP per capita, social support, healthy life expectancy, freedom to choose life, generosity, perception of corruption and "Dystopia", which is a measure for countries that are from the most to the least have the level of happiness, Finland is the happiest country in the world and Afghanistan is the unhappiest country in the world. Therefore, it can be said that the Finnish election campaign is tourism to Afghanistan, where non-participatory non-government and unacceptable political activities are held in the name of elections.

Social Cleavage is the criterion and indicator of dividing society members and its subgroups into different groups in different time and space intervals, which is formed in different ways based on social faults and affected by political developments in the election campaign. Various and numerous social divides are revealed in national and micro-scale geographical spaces such as Nourabad Fars, whose election contests are under the shadow of Illyrian and tribal contexts, between political actors and specifically election candidates. The political developments prevailing in each period (national and local level) and the presence of election candidates in various political spectrums have fueled the social divisions in this constituency and have led to the question, what are the types of social divisions in the election campaign? This question is based on the three identifiers of "typology", "essence" and "formulation" in such a way that the social Cleavages have been discovered, examined and explained on this basis. The current research has a qualitative/analytical nature and the data has been collected in the form of library/documents and based on quantitative statistics. Based on the findings, these results are obtained that the number of social Cleavages governing the different periods of parliamentary elections in Nourabad, Fars, is between a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 10 cleavage affected by election candidates in It has been fluctuating in such a way that with various types and different/diverse natures, the field of dense and intersecting social formations in the election campaigns.

This research aims to improve speech synthesis in Persian and investigate the pitch contour fall between two H* peaks carried out in the framework of the Autosegmental Metrical (AM) theory of intonational phonology. In this paper, we tested two main hypotheses. Firstly, the F0 falls through phonetic interpolation and, secondly, it involves tone spreading. The present paper argues that the first hypothesis is proven to be correct. The data for the present research includes 45 enclitic phrases that were produced using voiced consonants between the two peaks. It means that in the course of producing each phrase, it was taken into consideration that all of the consonants placed between the two peaks would be deliberately and certainly voiced. This is mainly because if the consonants were not voiced, the data analysis results would be affected in Praat. It has to be noted that the distance between the two H* was increased by adding zero to two unstressed syllables. Totally, we recorded 1350 utterances from 30 native Persian speakers. We employed Praat software so as to analyse the utterances. Besides, we utilized SPSS for further analysis. The results of acoustic and statistical analyses showed that the distance between the first peak and the following F0 valley is increased with the addition of the unstressed syllables, demonstrating the alignment of this valley with the beginning of the stressed syllable. Results of statistical analyses revealed that the distance between the H and the following L target is increased significantly with the addition of the unstressed syllables. Furthermore, the normalized pitch contour was computed for all data. This indicates that the fall of the pitch contour between the two H peaks is realized through phonetic interpolation.

In this study, we investigated the acoustic correlates of rhythm in Persian. Two groups of sentences were designed that varied as to whether stressed syllables were separated by a number of unstressed syllables (Alternate Stress condition) or were in close proximity to one another (Stress Clash condition). The acoustic parameters related to F0 as well as mean intensity and mean duration were measured in the target syllables. Results suggested that both F0 and intensity have polar distribution in the Alternate Stress condition such that poles align with stressed and valleys align with unstressed syllables. In addition, all acoustic parameters displayed statistical differences between stressed and unstressed syllables across sequences of stressed-unstressed or unstressed-stressed syllables. On the other hand, results for the Stress Clash condition indicated that differences in F0 between stressed syllables in the sequences of adjacent stressed syllables are not significant, and that variation in F0 in such sequences does not result in polar distribution. Furthermore, while in the Stress Clash condition, the intensity of the second stressed syllable was significantly larger than that of the first syllable, the results were reversed for duration, meaning that the duration of the first syllable was significantly longer than that of the second syllable. Based on these results we suggested that sentences in the Alternate Stress condition are acoustically rhythmic as the distribution of acoustic measures results in alternate poles and valleys. However, no or little rhythm is found in the Stress Clash condition since F0 is neutralized and the other two parameters, namely intensity and duration function in the opposite direction.

The present study intends to investigate a set of acoustic parameters extracted from the intonation pattern of Kashani and Tehrani accents based on the acoustic approach and in the framework of Accent Forensic Compariton using the Tyler the tilt model, in order to Introduce the most appropriate acoustic parameters that differentiate Imitative Tehrani (a speech in which Kashani's speaker tries to speak as close to Tehrani as possible) from standard Persian. For this purpose, 84 5-6 minute two-person conversations using ZOOM H5 professional voice recorder and Praat software from 28 speakers (14 men and women from Kashan + 14 men and women from Tehran) was recorded in space as quiet as possible. Then, 756 utterances were extracted, and their text grid was manually layered and labeled to measure and quantify acoustic correlations within the Taylor tilt model. Objective and statistical results showed that the introduced acoustic parametres have the potential to distinguish between the original Tehrani and Imitative Tehrani in the question utterances, but the tilt values for affirmative utterances is not differentiating.

A major part of human behavior is subject to their perception of their environment. Sharing the group's interests gives meaning to their social and political behavior. In the meantime, the tribe as a biological/cultural unit in which the interests of the group are expressed in a form that leads to tribal action and the members behave on the values related to the perception of the place. In the geography of elections, the tribalism observes the effect of locational elements on the preferences affecting the behavior of voters living in certain areas as a voting base. The current research is an applied one in nature. It is based on the assumption that in the tenth period of the Islamic Parliament elections, local/tribal tendencies were the most effective factor in creating the voting base of the candidates of Mamsani constituency. Voting base of candidates in this area was more than a function of democracy macro process; it has been reflected in the theme of kinship and in the form of reproduction of traditional tribal alliances. The data and findings required for the current research were collected by documentary method (books, publications and internet) and fieldwork (observation and interview). Data were analyzed by descriptive-analytical research method and using GIS and Excel software. The study has been done using the data taken from the statistics of the 10th period of the Islamic Council elections. The result of the research showed that the origin of hometown and tribal votes played an effective role in the electoral candidates of the 10th election cycle of Mamsani.

In this paper, the performance of 8 change indices including Euclidean Distance (ED), Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), Spectral Correlation Mapper (SCM), image regression, ERGAS, spectral-spatial correlation, mutual information (MI), and Jeffries-Matusita Distance (JMD) has been compared on two different datasets from the accuracy and computational time points of view. The first dataset includes a pair of bi-temporal images taken by Landsat TM5 and ETM+ sensors over the southern shores of Lake Urmia, and the second dataset is taken by Landsat TM4 and TM5 sensors overs the Maragheh city and sorrounding area. Implementing the mentioned indices on the first dataset indicates the SAM's significant superiority compared to the other indices. False alarm (FA), missed error (ME), and total error (TE) of the change map resulting from SAM are 3.40%, 13.91%, and 8.86%, respectively. The change map resulting from SCM is in the second order, its FA, ME, and TE values are almost twice the corresponding values derived from SAM. JMD, regression, MI, ED, and ERGAS indices were in the next ranks respectively with 20.17%, 20.61%, 20.84%, 21.22%, and 21.47% TE on their change maps. In the first dataset, the worst change detection result was obtained from the correlation index (TE=27.80%). In the second dataset, the best results have been obtained first from the ERGAS and then from the magnitude of change, which were at the top compared to others. The FA, ME, and TE values of the change map resulting from the ERGAS were 0.63%, 26.54%, and 7.5%, respectively, and the FA, ME, and TE values of the change map resulting from the ED were 0.63%, 32.23%, and 9.01%, respectively. In the lower ranks, SCM, SAM, regression, spectral-spatial correlation, and JMD have led to 11.41%, 12.62%, 14.45%, 17.34%, and 18.03% total errors in change detection, respectively. The worst result with 26.56% TE was achieved from the MI. It is noted should be that the significance of the differences in accuracy between the mentioned indices was tested and verified by McNemar’s test. In terms of computation time, the ED was the most efficient, while the MI was time-consuming on the analysed datasets.

In languages and varieties, the exact locations of the alignment of f0 transition points differ from those of the segmental string (Ladd, 2006). The differences of inter-languages or inter-varieties are sometimes so small that it is not possible to identify a deep representation. We conducted a production experiment with 40 speakers of two regional varieties of Persian language. The aim of the present study was to investigate the strategies used by the speakers of the varieties in response to the time pressure caused by reduced sonorant rime of target words by adopting autosegmental-metrical theory (Pierrehumbert, 1980). For this purpose, 20 Isfahan speakers and 20 Tehrani speakers were asked to repeat the three target words, which were accompanied by a decrease sonorant rime, in the positions of nuclear pitch accent twice. Three prosodic parameters, such as contour conditionm alignment, and duration of the segments containing pitch accents, were mainly considered. The results showed that in each contour condition, the duration of the sonorant rime of the nuclear accented word was varied. In the phonetic domain, the range of adjustments fell into three broad categories. First, the speakers of Isfahani variety took more time by increasing the duration of the rime in the fall-rise condition while retracting the peak of the fall-rise contour. However, the speakers of Tehrani variety worked harder by compressing contours in the fall contour. Both speakers of the two varieties took shortcuts by truncating responses of the final pitch movements. The responses were shown to be dialect-specific and contour-specific.

The foundations and cultural features of human societies change over time and space, and become specific to themselves in such a way that this set of beliefs and values affect the way of life of their inhabitants. Gachgaran is a biogeography that is located in the central part of Mamsani, and in the course of history, affected by various factors, it has enjoyed multiple dimensions and cultural strains. Is the creation of ancient culture and micro-culture in the habitat of plasterers and the transformation of these values and attitudes stemming from various and diverse factors and institutions that have caused the question in this research? The nature of the research required the researchers to choose the descriptive/analytical research method for how to do the work. Finally, the results of research and study in the style of library/documents (statistics and figures) and field (interview and observation) showed; Changing the attitude of the new generation, increasing the level of knowledge/awareness of the residents, civil/physical renovation, virtual space and social networks, are among the agents that cultural transformation in customs, mourning of the month of Muharram, religious beliefs, marriage and divorce, clothing, food , local games, nature-loving, tourism, educational/health/sports centers have caused the rural settlement of Gachgaran to the extent that it has resulted in the change of the form of this village towards cultural modernization.

The comprehensive solution of organizational resource planning, which is called ERP, is a wide range of activities that lead to the improvement of the organization's performance by creating a regular and accurate database. The ERP system allows all the people of a group to work together in complete harmony despite the geographical dispersion. The comprehensive solution of organization resource planning allows companies and organizations to manage their resources such as materials, human resources, financial resources, etc. in an optimal way. Various definitions are provided for ERP or enterprise resource planning. All of them have a specific concept; in fact, ERP is a kind of technology for resource management. The enterprise resource planning system is a critical investment that can significantly affect the future. This study provides a comprehensive framework for the appropriate choice. In a company or organization, this human resource planning system and this framework systematically carried out the objectives of selecting human resource planning and the scientific example of the method was calculated. Excel software was used and the experts were asked to use a questionnaire in this field for validity. To support the business goals and strategies of a manufacturing company, identify the appropriate features and set a consistent evaluation standard for it. Facilitating group decision making is a real-world example that demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed framework.

Stress is a linguistic property of a word that specifies which syllable in the word is stronger than any of the others. Early studies such as Fry (1955, 1958), Lieberman (1960), Beckman (1986), Harrington, Beckman, and Palethorpe (1998) (see also Laver, 1994 for an overview) have shown that there are clear acoustic differences between stressed and unstressed syllables: stressed syllables are realized with higher pitch, higher intensity, longer duration, and more peripheral vowel quality than unstressed syllables. Studies in many stress-accent languages show that the stressed realization of a syllable differs from the unstressed realization of the same syllable by having higher pitch. Also, results have showed that speakers consistently use duration to distinguish between open and central vowels that contrasted in stress at the word level. In contrast with F0 and duration, the relation of intensity variation in the speech signal to word stress is still controversial.In this paper, we investigated the role of acoustic factors involved in perceptually differentiating simple past from present perfect verbs in Persian, through manipulation of fundamental frequency (F0) and duration. Thus, tokens were resynthesized from the phonetic forms of Persian simple past and present perfect verbs in which F0 and duration were manipulated in several steps. The target tokens were presented to some native Persian participants to identify as simple past or present perfect. Results suggested that Persian listeners’ judgements of the tense of the target tokens depend, to a great extent, on the local F0 values of the verbs’ syllables as any amount of increase in the local F0 points of the respective syllables can categorically change the listeners’ judgements about the temporal reading of the verbs involved. On the other hand, results for duration showed that values of this parameter fail to produce a significant effect on listeners’ judgements.