وحید نیکراد

According to the history of Iran, law enforcement officers under various titles always had a special place in the government and judicial system because of helping to maintain and enforce the law, discovering the crime and prosecuting the accused. The establishment of security, implementation of justice, social discipline, prevention of crime, identification of factors and mechanisms of crime incidence and increasing the confidence and trust of the entire society depends on positive interaction of law enforcement officers with the judiciary. The results of the present study show that the law enforcement officers, in addition to legally following the judicial authority, they have the responsibility to report the crime to the judicial authority, which is considered as one of the ways of informing the court about the occurrence of crime and thus controlling it. Additionally, law enforcement officers beside their important duties also have powers in which these powers differ in terms of whether the crime is visible or invisible.

Islamic criminal law acts as a system related to the legal system of Islamic law and principles. Shari'a is a way that is directly related to the teachings of the Qur'an and Sunnah that cannot be challenged and therefore it is obligatory to follow it. The purpose of this study is to investigate the implementation of Islamic criminal law in developing Muslim countries based on its development and challenges. This article is based on secondary data such as books, articles, various national and international law reports and laws. The criminal law of predominantly Islamic countries is based on contemporary modern criminal law. An extreme case of jurisprudential rights has been presented through a number of Muslim penal codes, which describe Islamic penal code developed and developed by private religious experts as jurisprudential law. Islam defines the rights of privacy and dignity, the names and correspondence of individuals in the search and seizure. The result of this research is that Islamic criminal law is definitely rooted in revelations guaranteeing dignity and appreciation of the values ​​of human life.

Money laundering is a concept that has attracted the attention of many scholars over the past years and has set its position as an important concept in legal and economic literature. It refers to attempts to change the formation of revenues derived from criminal activities with the aim of hiding the principle of cash, its origin and ownership, as well as escaping the identification and prosecution of illegal or criminal activities. Money laundering is an organized crime that brings about harmfulness economic, social, political, and security outcomes. Thus, the present research sought to find out and analyze the effects and consequences of money laundering and the need for fighting it. This study, as human sciences researches, was done using descriptive-analytical and library study design. The results indicated that money laundering is like a halo on the economy of a country and causes harmful effects in all areas, including reduction of the transparency of economic exchanges, mistrust on financial markets, change in the process of investment from being a producer to a broker, damaging the activities of the private sector and preventing healthy competition, threatening of the national economy and non-implementation of economic and social policies, reduction of government income sources regarding tax revenues and weakening it, increasing inflation, expanding public poverty, and increasing corruption and economic-social instability; the lack of attention to and confrontation with money laundering can contribute to institutionalization of these effects in the society. Therefore, a serious resolution and cooperation of all organs of government involved is required, at the top of all, the economic security police, according to its role in predicting, preventing, and fighting economic crimes and helping to provide the health of the economic structures of the country.

The economy of a country is the main power of that country. Thus, any society can rely on the foundations of a strong economic system to remain politically stable. The occurrence of corruption and economic crimes and the increase in the rate of its commission in Iran is undeniable. Because of the complex nature and structure of this type of crime and its disrupting effect on the economic, political and social security of the society, all governmental organizations and organs get influenced. Since the perpetrators of economic crimes are usually professionals, shrewd and influential people who commit crimes with the help of knowledge and information and often based on their rent in the field of administrative and economic affairs, the NAJA Economic Security Police is in this regard and it was created with the aim of predicting, controlling, preventing, identifying, detecting and dealing with this range of criminals and crimes. Specifically, the purpose of this study was an introduction to the criminology of economic crimes in Iran and the role of the economic security police in combating these types of crimes in 2021. This descriptive-analytical study examines the criminological legal contexts of economic crimes in Iran. The findings indicate that the phenomenon called economic delinquency in its various manifestations and instances in Iranian law is created or intensified by the emergence of legal and criminological contexts, and therefore can be prevented with the same legal, judicial, legislative and criminological contexts. In this regard, the Economic Security Police has been able to play a significant role in preventing and combating economic corruption and crimes with the interaction and cooperation of judicial authorities, intelligence and security organizations, and government agencies and ministries.