وحید یاوری

Internet businesses have now expanded significantly worldwide. One of the important fields in which Internet businesses are used is charity. Internet businesses of charitable institutions are one of the new topics that have been raised in the field of charity governance. The current research was conducted to design the Internet business model of charitable institutions in the country. The Internet business model allows charitable organizations to have information about the organization, financial aid opportunities, and resources available at all hours of the day and night, and the audience can access the organization anywhere in the world. Also, internet platforms reduce the overhead costs associated with the traditional method of fundraising or face-to-face events, increase speed, and thus increase efficiency. Also, they will improve communication and interactions and be transparent and reliable about reporting.

 Research Methodology​:

In line with the purpose of this research, first, the theoretical basis of the field of business models and Internet business models as well as charitable institutions were studied and investigated. The methodology of the current research is qualitative and exploratory, and the thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. To answer the main question, first, semi-structured interviews were conducted with charity internet business owners, then the interviews were analyzed using the thematic analysis method. In this research, the components of the canvas model were used as the basis of the work due to their comprehensiveness and frequency of application in the field of practice, and the interview framework was set based on it. The qualitative research approach has been conducted with a fundamental orientation and inductive logic using the thematic analysis method.

The network of themes was extracted from the interviews with 353 basic themes, 51 organizing themes, and 10 overarching themes including value proposition, main activity, main resources, key partners, customers, relationships with customers, distribution channels, costs and income streams, and environment. Amending the upstream laws related to charities to facilitate the expansion of internet charities in the country, the need to design the headquarters and institution of the upstream Supreme Council for the management of charities and internet businesses, improving the access of internet businesses to the virtual space, and considering suitable facilities for them were among the most important measures that should be placed on the agenda of policymakers to expand the online business of charities. The final model of the research is in Figure 1.

The current research was done in response to the main question, that is what is the model of internet business in charity organizations? This research was carried out with semi-structured interviews with experts in this field. After that, using theme analysis, all the interviews were reviewed and their themes were extracted, which include 353 basic themes, 51 organizing themes, and 10 overarching themes. The Internet business model of charities was obtained based on the nine-component model of the well-known business including value proposition, main activity, main resources, key partners, customers, relationships with customers, distribution channels, costs and income streams. Also, the environmental component and environmental restrictions were added as one of the new dimensions to the business model of charities. In each of these components, explanations were provided according to the obtained themes, and the organizing themes were briefly described in each one.After examining the background of the research, it was found that the present article is different from previous studies. The difference is in creating a new framework for fundraising in charitable organizations on the World Wide Web (Internet). This is the main innovation of the current research and makes the current article uniquely different from previous research. This new framework allows charities to fundraise more effectively and efficiently. Unlike previous research that focused more on traditional and non-online methods, the current research has investigated and analyzed in the global network space and presented a comprehensive and innovative model for charity activities in the global network. This model can be used as a practical guide for charitable organizations and help to improve their performance and increase their productivity.

The present study aimed to estimate the quantity and composition of discarded fish species in bottom trawl in the Lifeh area of the coastal waters of Khuzestan. Data were collected based on samples obtained from commercial fishing the autumn of 2017 and the summer of 2018. The results of this study indicated that the discarded samples included 21 species from 16 families. Hamilton's thryssa, Sharhosehammer croaker and Orange-fin pony fish species were predominant. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the average length of most discarded species was below 30 centimeters, with the highest average length belonging to the large scale tongues at 3.8±3.23 centimeters and the lowest for the large scale tongues at 8.5±8.10 centimeters. The findings revealed the discard rate per fishing effort unit in autumn as 4.0±6.8 kilograms per hour and in summer as 8.7±2.7 kilograms per hour. The catch per unit area was also calculated at 24.0±16.0 and 7.15±0.0 kilograms per square mile during autumn and summer, respectively. Furthermore, the percentage frequency of commercial and non-commercial discarded species in autumn was calculated as 22.74 and 77.26, respectively, and in summer as 7.7 and 3.92, respectively. Considering the obtained results and the elevated discard rate in this area, it can evidently have negative impacts on fish stocks, potentially posing risks to the fishing industry in the region in the future.

A 70-day study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary butyric and probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum) supplementation on growth, digestive and antioxidant enzymes activities in Arabian yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus arabicus). In this regards, butyric (BA) and L. plantarum were used to design six experimental feeds as follow: 1-control (diet without supplements), 2- probiotic (1.6 × 108 CFU/g) 3-BA 0.5 (0.5% BA supplementation), 4- BA 1.0 (1% BA supplementation), 5- PRO+BA0.5 (probiotic+0.5% BA), 6- PRO-BA 1.0 (probiotic+1% BA). Five hundred and forty fish with initial weight of 2.7 ± 0.1 g were distributed among 18 polyethylene tanks (300 L). Fish were fed with the experimental diets three times a day up to visual satiation making sure no feed remain at the bottom of the tanks. Water temperature and salinity were 31.3 °C and 46 ppt, respectively. Fish fed control and probiotic diets had higher growth rate and feed efficiency than other groups. Fish in PRO-BA1% group had higher total length than other groups. Alkaline phosphatase and chymotrypsin activities in fish fed mixture of probiotic and BA was higher than the other treatments. Amylase activity in fish fed BA1%, PRO-BA0.5 and PRO-BA1% was higher than other groups (P < 0.05). Protease, trypsin and lipase activities did not affect by dietary treatments. Glutathione level in the liver of fish fed control and PRO-BA0.5% was higher than other treatments. Superoxide dismutase activity in fish fed BA1% diet was lower than the other treatments. Catalase activity in fish fed mixture of probiotic and BA was higher than other groups. The findings of the present study demonstrated that inclusion of dietary BA alone might marginally compromise growth in A. arabicus juveniles, but using a mixture of probiotic and BA in both 0.5 and 1% can improve digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity in this species.

One of the most important concerns in fisheries management is finding suitable areas and zones to invest in aquaculture with a sustainable development approach. The use of GIS is one of the most important factors for success in aquaculture development.  Site selection of sturgeon breeding and farming locations was carried out using the facilities of GIS and data analysis was performed using fuzzy model, hierarchical analysis process and the fuzzy criteria AHP. The main criteria used in this study were ecological, climatic, natural and environmental, economic and social factors, barriers and limitations and sensitive habitats. Then, using the weighting method, a competency map was prepared and with considering the merit and applying the average of the merit value of each place, the priority of each place was determined. Combining this method with fuzzy logic and application in GIS environment and also taking into consideration the weight and relative importance of each feature and option, has increased the efficiency of this method. According to the results, the highest weight was awarded to ecological factors (0.321), the next ranks were awarded to climate (0.205), economic and social (0.179), natural (0.167) factors and barriers and restrictions (0.129), respectively. The most suitable areas for the development of sturgeon breeding and culture centers are located in the northern, northeastern and eastern regions of the Khuzestan province. The most unsuitable sites are located in the southern regions of the province.

The aim of this study was to estimate the amount and species composition of discards in bottom trawl fisheries in the Bosif fishing ground in the coastal waters of Khuzestan. Furthermore, the biological parameters of discarded species were assessed. Specimens were collected from commercial catch data of trawl vessels in three seasons, autumn and winter 2017 and summer 2018. The results showed that discarded samples included 33 species from 28 families. Orangefin Pony fish and striped piggy species were the most frequent species in this study. The results also showed that the mean length of most of the discards species was below 30 centimeters. The amount of discards per unit of catching effort was 57.33±9.87, 27.50±16.64 and 32.33±7.50 in the autumn, winter and summer seasons, respectively. The catch per surface area in autumn, winter and summer were 2.77 ± 0.064, 0. 73 ±0.39 and 1.73 ± 0.44 kg/nm2, respectively. The results showed that CPUE and CPUA in winter were significantly higher than those in autumn and summer (p<0.05). In general, the results of this study represent high fishing pressure on ecologically important species in Bosif fishing ground especially in their critical life cycle which may affect local ecosystem structure and function in future.

Lactic acid bacteria are the most common bacteria used as probiotics in aquaculture. This study aimed to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria and yeasts with probiotic potential from the intestine of gilthead seabream. Five fish were randomly selected (mean weight: 279.88±17.67 gr) from Nixa Design and Development Farm located in Charak port and 25 fish fries (mean weight: 39.43±9.67 gr) from Tiab Pran Qeshm farm in Qeshm Island. The selected fish had a healthy appearance and were also chosen randomly. Lactic acid bacteria and yeasts were isolated and purified from the intestines of the specimens and identified based on morphological characteristics and molecular sequences. Then these isolates were evaluated based on fundamental probiotic indicators, including acid resistance, bile salts, antagonistic properties, and Haemolytic activity for fish. 12 isolates were purified based on color, shape, and colony size. Then, two yeasts and five bacteria with different morphology were identified using gram staining and microscopic examinations. All lactobacillus isolates had antagonistic properties against the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio harveyi. Two strains of yeast; Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CBS 316 and Wickerhamiella infanticola CBS 7922, were isolated. The lactic acid bacterium isolated from the intestine of the gilthead seabream included two genera of Enterococcus and Bacillus respectively. The results of probiotic potency tests showed that isolates 1 (bacteria), 3, and 6 (yeast) had the best performance. From the obtained data, it was concluded that the use of a combination of bacteria and yeasts as probiotics in aquaculture has higher efficiency.

One of the vital and valuable capacities of the country is "common resources". By definition, with public use of common resources, the amount is reduced and limited. One of these resources is pastures. In our country, an area of about 52% of the country's area, which is more than 80 million hectares, includes pastures. This valuable capacity is the basis of various businesses including livestock, medicinal plants, fish farming and tourism. Socially, the livelihood of about 916,000 rural and nomadic families depends on the use of pastures. In other words, rangelands are the basis for the formation of businesses and activities of indigenous communities.What plays a role in the prosperity of sustainable exploitation of pastures on the one hand and its protection and restoration is the type of rules of governance and exploitation. Therefore, the question arises as to how, on the one hand, while using these pastures economically and productively, there can be no monopoly, greed and injustice in their use, and while observing inter generational justice, these resources in the form of Stable to continue.Pastures have traditionally been managed by indigenous and local communities in the country. In this way, with the formation of socio-ecologic systems, the natives of each region used their own mechanisms to exploit and revive resources. Apart from the shortcomings and deficiencies observed in these traditional institutions and sub-systems that have been formed over the years, they have also brought benefits to the country. Among other things, they decentralized and non governmental their prosperity, security and regulation. But with social and legal change, there was a shift towards institutional arrangements and rangeland governance. The passage of the Law on the Nationalization of Forests and Rangeland in the 1940s was a turning point that affected the rules of exploitation and left its mark. In this article, by comparing the rules in the rangeland governance system, the cause of the consequences is investigated.

In this research, for data analysis, an institutional analysis framework based on the IAD conceptual model is used, which describes the rules that are affected by physical and social conditions at three levels. In this model, rules are classified into three levels: "constitutional rules", "collective choice rules" and "operational rules ".The approach used in this research is of a qualitative type that is used to deeply describe life experiences and understand and interpret their meaning. For this purpose, the semi-structured interview technique with different stakeholders in this section has been used. In a semi-structured interview, the interview questions are pre-defined and all respondents are asked the same questions. But they are free to respond in any way. Library and legal documents have also been used throughout the text to verify the findings. All in all in this assay as an interdisciplinary field we faced with limitations including limited space to express the method, results and details.

The method used in the analysis is "thematic analysis" of data collected as a result of interviews and study of anthropological documents and sources. After encoding the data using Maxqda software, 472 open source codes were categorized into 157 basic themes. What shapes the "rules in action" in the rangeland governance system are the physical and social conditions. These two components form the " constitutional rules", "collective selection rules" and "operational rules" at three levels. Relying on themes, a description of the rules of governance and rangeland management in the traditional system and the existing rangeland management system has been provided.One of the most constitutional rules in the exploitation of pastures is the "property right". This right determines what relationship the farmer has with the pasture and how much of the right to exploit, manage and even transfer and sell. Prior to the nationalization of rangelands, the rules of exploitation were such that in addition to the right to access and use the rangelands, the users had the right to transfer their own private rangeland to another; In this system of ownership, the exploiters had a kind of belonging to the natural field and while sustainable exploitation endogenously protected and revived the rangeland.

As a result of this article, it was found that the role of local users, especially nomads, has been vital in the traditional rangeland system. The nationalization of rangelands has changed the rules in the rangeland management system and has left undesirable consequences that have resulted from the deprivation of property rights and management of users. Undoubtedly, the need for these changes in the country's rangeland management system and strengthening the internal motivation of farmers to protect, rehabilitate and sustainable use of rangelands, repeal the "Law on Nationalization of Forests and Rangelands" and amend the law on natural resources. What should be the focus of this law is the transfer of the right of choice and management to the beneficiaries, namely the nomadic and rural community, to reduce as much as possible the government's tenure and decision-making, especially at the operational level. To achieve this, it is necessary to consider and apply the popular approach at different levels of rules. This approach has been considered in the macro policies of the country. For example, in the "General Policies of Natural Resources", which specifically addresses the issue of governance and effective use of natural resources with the participation of the people and the strengthening of education in this sector. With the entry of the public sector in the form of cooperative, private and other non-governmental mechanisms of the NGO, which is commensurate with the social and ecologic institution of the country, the total financial and human costs of government to protect and rehabilitate rangelands will be reduced. Designing such a mechanism or institution requires research, refinement, and application of religious, civilizational, and universal teachings.

One of the valuable natural resources in the country is rangelands, which has extensive economic and social functions: Environmental values such as conservation of water and soil, the growth and breeding ground of plant and animal species on the one hand and significant economic values that lead to the formation of various businesses in the fields of animal husbandry, breeding and extraction of medicinal plants. Managing these natural resources and assets, which has been at local rural and nomadic community’s disposal for hundreds of years, along with institutional changes that accured in recent decades, handed over to the government. This shift has caused many problems and harmful consequences based on comments of experts in this field. This article analyze and recover the issues created in this field and the roots of its formation using Scott's institutional framework in order to achieve the goals of the general policies of Article 44 of the Constitution..

In the framework of the qualitative approach, the method of semi-structured interview, ethnographic observation and analysis of relevant documents has been used.

One of the limitations of this research is that rangeland governance has serious complexities and has many dimensions and in identifying the root of these consequences, one factor can not be addressed.The most important issues are the deprivation of management of exploiters and the conflict between government and exploiters.

Finally, while summarizing the issues of rangeland governance system, the main solution to solve these problems is to revise the law of natural resources and related structures and transfer of management of rangeland to local farmers, as well as facilitating the formation of grassroots organizations and cooperative mechanisms.Innovation: using Scott's institutional Approach for classification of issues.

Common resources such as rangelands have extensive economic and social functions that are very effective in the economic and social development of countries. But what shapes the extent and manner of progress based on these resources is the governance mechanisms that determine the rules and rights of each actor. Rangelands, while having ecological functions such as water and soil conservation and breeding of plant and animal species, cause the formation of economic values and various businesses in the fields of animal husbandry, reforestation and extraction of medicinal plants. The management of these natural resources and resources, which has been at the disposal of local rural and nomadic communities for many years, has faced institutional changes in the last century and after the implementation of the "Law on Nationalization of Forests and Rangelands", it has been handed over to the government. Politics has caused many problems and consequences that continue today. This article tries to design an optimal system of governance of common resources using the framework of institutional analysis. To achieve this goal in the framework of the qualitative approach, the semi-structured interview method and analysis of relevant documents and policies have been used using the "content analysis" technique. Finally, while presenting the desired model in the system of joint resource governance, the main solution to solve the problems of this sector through the amendment of the law of natural resources and related structures by assigning property rights to the people with the priority of local exploiters has been introduced.

Voluntary cultural organizations play an important role in the cultural management of the community and, due to their unique nature, play a special role in some matters in which the public and private sectors are not very successful, with effective input; On the other hand, the management of such organizations has significant differences with the management of for-profit organizations, and it is not possible to prescribe for-profit models. One of the best ways to understand indicators in cultural policy-making is to study successful and desirable organizations in the cultural field so that policy makers can use modeling from desirable cultural organizations to a newer and more accurate range of indicators. Achieve cultural improvements. The present study was conducted to complete the circle of identifying successful models of cultural organizations in Iran and using the data theorizing strategy of the Foundation, by interviewing 8 members of "Anwar-e-Zahra-e-Islam Cultural Institute of Hamadan" who have a continuous presence in this institute. Is. Findings show that "motivational worldview" as a causal category; Along with "seriousness of high motivation and commitment" as a central category; Along with "intimacy, empathy and productive organizational culture" as the governing context; In addition to "low-cost material and spiritual potential" as intervening conditions; In addition to "diligence in planning and central quality" as actions and interactions; It resulted in the "success of the Voluntary Cultural Organization" as a consequence.

Principles of green chemistry in the production of products to reduce and eliminate environmental pollutants can introduce products such as nano-gels as environmentally friendly and biodegradable adsorbents. Freshwater supply is one of the most important goals in improving the infrastructure of aquaculture and industry due to repeated droughts. For this reason, wastewater treatment and reuse can be a suitable way to meet the country's water needs. The purpose of this research was to use herbal nano-gels from agricultural waste (bagasse) to remove phosphate from wastewater treatment. First, the bagasse nano gels were prepared by a mechanical and a top-down mechanism. Optimal values were calculated for each parameter. The optimum amount of dosage, pH, concentration, time was determined 0.2 g, 0.3 g for nano-gel, 5, 100 mg/l, 30 minutes. According to the equations, the adsorption isotherm was the most consistent with the Langmuir model and Temkin and Pseudo-second-order. The results showed that bagasse nano-hydrogels can remove phosphate by less than 0.5 mg/l.

The Islamic Consultative Assembly is the main legislative, and policy-making body, and considered the most important body supervising laws in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Inefficiencies and the adoption of conflicting and inappropriate laws in the country's legislative system show that many factors involved in legislation remain hidden from the eyes of the public and experts. Creating transparency in the Islamic Consultative Assembly will increase people's control over the performance of their representatives, hold them accountable, reduce corruption, and consequently, increase the efficiency of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. Also, the lack of a comprehensive measure to assess the multidimensional transparency of Iran's Parliament has led to a narrow recognition of the issue. This study aims to identify the criteria for assessing the transparency of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. By reviewing global experiences and collecting the components of parliamentary transparency, a comprehensive framework was designed and provided to a focus group with twelve experts. For articulating the findings and completing the assessment framework, seven other experts were interviewed. After analyzing the interviews using content analysis methodology, the final framework for assessing the transparency of the Islamic Consultative Assembly with 12 dimensions and 108 components was obtained. Transparency in MP's performance, MP's conflicts of interest, committees, parliamentary groups, plenary sessions, bills, lobbying, parliamentary administration, parliamentary elections, parliamentary institutions, citizen participation, and quality of parliamentary data are the main dimensions of the final framework designed to assess the transparency of the parliament.

At present, the main species of sturgeon breeding in the country is Huso huso, which due to its rapid growth and the possibility of producing enough juveniles in sturgeon breeding centers and high meat prices, especially caviar, in most sturgeon farms in the area. The country has been introduced. Considering the favorable results obtained in two sturgeon breeding and breeding centers in recent years in the north of Khuzestan province, the present study aims to conduct basic studies for talent and location for the development of elephant breeding and breeding centers In Khuzestan province, it was designed using Geographic Information System (GIS). For talent and location, several indicators were used and by combining two models of fuzzy logic and AHP, first each layer was divided in the environment of fuzzy geographic information system and finally in (GIS) of the fit class. Based on the results obtained The highest weight was given to ecological indicators of 0.321, followed by climate 0.205, economic and social 0.179, natural 0.167 and barriers and constraints 0.129, respectively. According to studies, the most suitable places for the development of sturgeon farming in the northern regions and East and the most unsuitable in some southern and western regions of the province

The efficiency and nitrification process in a lab-scale aquaponic system using two different hydroponic subsystems including the deep water culture (DWC) and nutrient film technique (NFT) were evaluated for 8 weeks. Common carp juveniles (Cyprinus carpio- average initial weight of 9.34 ± 0.06g at a density of 300 juveniles per m3 in fish culture tanks) and mint (Mentha spicata- 6 plants in each hydroponic subsystem) were cultured in triplicates in a green house facility. Water quality parameters such as pH, nitrate and ammonia levels were measured and compared at the end of every week. In the fourth week of the experiment, the pH of the DWC system was significantly higher than in the NFT (p < 0.01). Ammonia levels did not show any significant difference between the two types of aquaponic systems during the experiment (P> 0.05). In both systems, nitrate values showed an increasing trend from the third week to the end of the fourth week, followed by limited fluctuation until the end of the experiment. The nitrate levels in the NFT system were higher in the fourth, fifth, sixth and eighth week . The average total weight of the mint plant in the DWC was higher than that in the NFT system. Based on the results, the use of the DWC is recommended due to the better efficiency of the experimental culture system and better growth performance of fish and mint plant.

In this study, the effects of different dietary protein and salinity levels on cellular parameters of hemolymph in white leg shrimp (as a part of immune system) of the white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) juvenile were studied. The number of 350 shrimps with the average weight of 5.55±0.18 g and length of 8.81±0.15 cm were distributed randomly in 27 ten tones (length: 600 cm, width: 170 cm and height: 100 cm) concrete tanks. A 3×3 factorial experimental including three levels of salinity (0-3, 12-15 and 32-35 ppt) and three dietary protein levels (25, 35 and 45%). Experimental shrimps were fed to satiation 4 times a day throughout the experimental 56 days. According to the results cellular parameters like: total hemocytes count (THC) and differential hemocyte count (DHC) were analysed and recorded. The dietary protein levels 35% and salinity of 32-35 ppt had direct positive impact on THC and granular cells (GC). Although the semi granular poisonous cells have been decreased with the increase in both of the experimental variables (P≤ 0/05) and no effected on the agranular cells. So based on the results of this study, the protein diet with the 35% is suggested for L. vannamei. Taking in to consideration the results of the study we can say the best water salinity for culture of this species is 32-35 ppt.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) extract on hepatic enzymes performance and serum biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this regard, 750 fish (initial weight: 10.4 ± 0.5 g) distributed in concrete pools and fed by 5 dietary treatments including 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 percent of alfalfa extract, respectively for 60 days. Serum parameters analysis showed that there was a significant difference between fish fed with alfalfa extract and control group. The highest and lowest levels of serum glucose were observed in treatment 4, and treatment 1 (control), respectively (p < 0.05). The highest level of total serum protein was observed in treatment 2, and the lowest was observed in treatment 5 (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between control, treatments 2, and treatment 4 in terms of total serum protein level (p > 0.05). The highest level of serum albumin was recorded in control. Based on the results, different levels of alfalfa extract led to a downward trend in serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels. The highest level of serum phosphorus was observed in treatment 4, and the lowest level was observed in the control (p < 0.05). Serum magnesium levels were also affected by alfalfa extract (p < 0.05). Based on the results, no significant differences were observed between experimental treatments in serum SGOT and SGPT levels during the 60-day experimental feeding period (p > 0.05). The highest level of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was in treatment 5 and the lowest level of serum ALP was observed in control (p < 0.05). The highest level of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was observed in control and the lowest in treatments 3 and 4 (p < 0.05). Based on the results, 2 percent of alfalfa extract in the diet had the best effects on serum biochemical parameters and hepatic enzymes.

For study of changes in energy metabolism of brain in rainbow trout during early life stages, some samples were collected from fish larvae and fingerlings with initial weight 1.35±0.15 during 7 months. Sample collection was randomly made in 12 stages (7 samples per every 8 days, 3 samples per every 2 weeks and 2 samples every one month). Brain tissue was dissected and transferred to nitrogen tank before analysis. The brain tissues were homogenized and the supernatant was adjusted to measurement of glycogen, glucose, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6- phosphatase. Results revealed statistically changes in the metabolites during the sampling, so, glycogen and lactate concentration showed an increasing trend by increasing in fish age, but glucose concentration did not follow this trend. The minimum glucose concentration in brain tissue was observed in seventh stage of sampling. Concentration of metabolism enzymes was showed fluctuations and increasing trend during sampling. Finally, it is proposed that environmental and nutritional factors and different requirement of fish to energy in different stages of life may be effective on metabolites concentrations and metabolism enzymes activity.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of plant nano-gels as a new adsorbent and to remove nitrite at low cost. At first, plant nano-gels (nano bagasse, chitosan-functionalized nano-fiber and lignocellulose nano-fiber) were prepared by mechanical and top-down mechanism. Batch system medium was designed to measure the adsorbent optimum. Then isotherm and synthetic were calculated to estimate absorption coefficients. The optimum amount of adsorbent weight for each nano gel was: 0.1 g for nano bagasse and lignocellulose fiber; 0.3 g for modified nano fiber; 4 for nano bagasse and lignocellulose fiber and 5 for modified nano fibril; also initial concentration and the time for all adsorbents was 25 mg /l and 60 min. According to the equilibrium equations, the most consistent were considered with Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models. Results showed that the highest nitrite removal efficiency was related to functionalized nano-fiber with 93.1%; for nano-bagasse it was 65.51% and for lignocellulose nano-fiber was 68.96%. Eventually, the plant nano-gels can be used as bio-filters in the effluent system of fish farm.

Waqf is regarded as one of the first financial and civil systems to solve the problems in the Islamic society. Mutawilli (trustee) is legally responsible for maintaining and repairing Waqf Assets and reserving the waqf interests to be possible to enjoy legal beneficiary at any time in the future. Arena and standing property is one of the beneficial-motasarrefi waqfs of residential‏ ‏properties and has a significant contribution among the motasarrefi waqfs. The present case study gathered data through document analysis, interviews and focus group techniques and data analysis and used thematic analysis procedure to address the pathology of Waqfs revenue Model (i.e. renting). According to the stakeholder analytical framework including Waqif, waqf Asset, tenant, Mutawilli, government, and pathologies were identified and classified. The main pathologies are insignificant non-optimal conditions and restrictions of Waqif in the waqf document, increasing costs and decreasing income of waqf assets, lack of tenant's attention to contractual obligations and dignity of the waqf, Mutawilli's improper maintenance and renting of waqf assets and incorrect regulation and improper monitoring of government. Some solutions for pathologies can be the design of an electronic rental system to enhance the transparency in the performance of Endowment and Charity Organization (Oghaf organization), providing rental rate updates, assignment of rental activity to the private sector and the establishment of a special prosecutor’s office for waqf.

In this study, the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels were designed on blood and muscle biochemical composition of Sobaity seabream juveniles (Sparidentex hasta). The six treatments were examined including three dietary protein levels (35, 40 and 45%) and two dietary lipid levels (7 and 14%) with three triplicates. Fish with mean initial weight 36.55±0.28 g were randomly stocked in eighteen 300 l polyethylene tanks and were fed thrice daily to satiation for 56 days. According to the results, at the 14% dietary lipid level, plasma total protein index increased significantly (P

The effect of different dietary protein and salinity levels were evaluated on growth performances, feeding indices and carcass biochemical composition of the Litopenaeus vannamei. 350 shrimp with the initial average weight of 5.55±0.18 g and length of 8.81±0.15 cm were distributed randomly into 27 concrete experimental tanks. A 3×3 factorial experiment including three levels of salinity (0-3, 12-15 and 32-35 ppt) and three levels of dietary protein (25, 35 and 45%) was carried out for a period of 56 days. Experimental shrimps were fed at satiation 4 times a day throughout the experimental period. Based on the results, the highest indices of growth were observed in all the salinity levels in the experimental treatments fed diet containing 35% dietary protein. However, the highest body weight gain and specific growth rate were recorded at the highest levels of salinity (35-32 ppt). The best feeding indices were observed at the highest level of dietary protein and water salinity. No significant difference was observed in morphometric indices among different experimental treatments. The results of the body biochemical composition showed no significant difference in protein, ash and moisture content among treatments. However, higher lipid content was significantly observed in treatments with higher salinity and protein levels. Based on the results of this study, the economic point of view part of the protein diet with the 35% is suggested for L. vannamei cultured in 32-35 ppt salinity.

Due to fresh water resource limits and environmental damage caused by aquaculture waste using systems based on sustainable development at the global level is highly regarded. Aquaponics or fish and plant co-culture system is one of the new approaches to achieve aquaculture sustainable development. In this study which was conducted , in 2015, at Ahvaz Azadegan warm water fish culture complex, 6 recirculation aquaponic systems with concrete tanks (400 liters)  as well as 3 one-acre soil ponds(Traditional system) were used to grow common carp. hydroponic systems with  gravel substrate and tank volume ratio of 2:1 for basil (Ocimum Basilicum) culture. In this study common carp fry of mean initial body weight 6.04±0.17 g were randomly distributed in two experimental treatments. Fish were reared at two rearing densities, low density(L): 26 specimens tank-1 (65 fish per cubic meter) and high density(H): 52 specimens tank-1 (130 fish per cubic meter). In 3 one-acre soil ponds , 1100 common carp fish (0.11 fish per cubic meter) were distributed. At the end of the 60-day experimental period in low-density aquaponic system, the final Individual weight was 156.70±11.88 gr and production of 4.07 ± 0.31 kg (10.19 ± 0.77 kg / m3) and aquaponic system with high density, respectively average final Individual weight was 95.75 ± 8.15 gr and production 4.98 ± 0.42 kg (12.45 ± 1.06 kg / m3) and in soil pond average final Individual weight was 447.6 ± 26.7 gr and Production was 488.3 ± 29.1 kg / ha (0.049 ± 0.0029 kg / m3). The production in low and high density aquaponic systems was 200 and 238 times that of pond, respectively.  The economic index in the pond was 1.98 and 2.46, respectively, which indicates a low cost of production of common carp in the soil pond. The water consumed to yield one kilogram common carp in the traditional system was 98 times higher than in the aquaponic systems, indicating a very high water conservation in the aquaponic system. According to the results of this study, using aquaponic system for cultivation of common carp with basil is much more efficient and more effective in saving fresh water consumption , but the economic conversion index of aquaponic system is higher than Traditional system. This fact shows high cost in aquaponic system.

Arabian yellowfin sea bream (Acanthopagrus arabicus) is a candidate for cage culture. In this study to improve spawning performance (in quality and quantity) the effects of using human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues (LHRH-A2), carp pituitary extract (CPE) and a combination of CPE plus LHRH-A2 in females were investigated. The hormone treatments and control were tested in triplicates. Each replicate was stocked with 30 fish with a sex ratio of 1:1 and the average weights were 675g and 310g for females and males, respectively. In each trial, females were injected twice with the same dose in 24 hours between of either. Spawning occurred in all tanks and the use of all hormones successfully induced spawning in a shorter time. Relative fecundity was found to be significantly elevated in the mix treatment (p<0.05). Fish in the control group and HCG treatment showed the lowest relative fecundity. Buoyant egg percentage was not significantly affected by different hormones. Results of survival rate percentage in 10 and 35 DPH did not show any significant different between treatments and control group (p>0.05). Starvation challenge was designed for 3 DPH larvae. Survival rate of larvae in 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 hours after starting challenge did not differ significantly among treatments (p>0.05). The present study revealed the best spawning performance of A. arabicus was achieved at a combination of CPE plus LHRH-A2, This hormone combination increases the quantity of produced eggs without affecting their quality.

In this study, the effects of different dietary protein and lipid levels including three dietary protein levels (35, 40 and 45%) and two dietary lipid levels (7 and 14%) were investigated on growth indices and hepatosomatic and viscera somatic index of Sobaity seabream juvenile (Sparidentex hasta) in triplicates. Fish with the mean initial weight 36.55±0.28 g were randomly introduced in eighteen 300 l polyethylene tanks and fed dietary treatments three times daily to satiation for a 56- day period. According to the results, weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly affected by different levelsof dietary protein (P<0.05). But varying levels of dietary protein and lipid had not any significant effects on condition factor, intraperitoneal fat percentage and feed intake (P>0.05). At the 14% dietary lipid level, hepatosomatic and viscera somatic index, protein efficiency ratio and carcass lipid content increased significantly(P<0.05). However, the food conversion ratio significantly decreased. With increasing the dietary lipid level, protein retention decreased and energy retention increased significantly. The highest nitrogen retention efficiency was observed at 40% protein level. Dietary protein and lipid levels significantly affected carcass protein and lipid contents (P<0.05), but had not any significant effect on moisture and ash contents (P>0.05). It was concluded that Sobaity seabream juveniles are able to utilize protein in 14% dietary lipid. Therefore, with increasing dietary lipid level to 14%, dietary protein level can be reduced to 40% in Sobaity seabream juveniles (S. hasta).

This study was performed to survey the relationship between water physicochemical factors and determination the effective parameters on Litopenaeus vannaemi survival in three ponds of three different farms with same stocking (250000 pl) and same storage time during 109 days (Days of culture), from June to September, in shrimp culture ponds of Abadan-Choebdeh. The results showed that the highest correlation between salinity and temperature, as well as salinity and pH is established. Nitrate and phosphate values ​​recorded during the culture period were outside of the standard range. The results of correlation between chemical feature and survival showed in all of three farms, the nitrate and ammonia had the maximum effect on shrimp survival which this relationship was expressed inverse. According to the results, the mean of primary weight, final weight and weight gain was observed in T3 more than T1 and T2 , and survival rate in T3 and T2 was more than T1 at the end of the culture period. It seems that the level of protein in diets play an important role in the nitrate and ammonia scale and finally in survival.