پرستو کریمی

Mythological criticism is a kind of literary work analysis that evaluates the text with regard to mythological issues. One of the ancient mythological rites and the ritual that was first officially proposed by Mir Chaaliade is the rite or ritual of Initiation (passing). Since our mystical literature is based on religious experiences and many religious experiences have the authority of rituals in their infrastructure, we can see the traces of ritual rituals of Initiation in many actions and behavior of Sufis. The aim of the present essay is to analyze Attar"s Masnavis and Rumi"s Masnavis from a mythological point of view based on the rites of passage and the ritual of Initiation.

The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical based on library studies and sand mining method, and statistical frequency is also provided in order to obtain accurate results. The statistical population of the research is Attar"s Masnavis and Rumi"s Masnavis.

The transition from the conscious to the unconscious of the seeker and reaching survival after death and during the stages of mysticism, has many similarities to the ritual rites of Initiation and transition in mythology from Mircha Eliade"s point of view.

Based on the triple pattern that Mircha Eliade describes in the rites of passage and rites of Initiation, the three stages of transition, transition and rebirth can be observed in Islamic mysticism, especially in Attar"s Masnavis and Rumi"s Masnavis. The necessity and attention to the holy place for the cultivation of the soul and worship, avoiding worldliness and self-worship, the need to pay attention to the old, the manners of conduct and self-mortality and the survival of God according to the three stages mentioned in Eliade"s view, the ability to adapt to the ceremonies and rites of Initiation in It has mysticism.

Counter-discourses with religious, mythological and metaphorical motifs are among the most diverse counter-discourses in the novel Jazire sargardani. The novel Jazire sargardani by Daneshvar is one of the socio-political novels after the Islamic Revolution, in which the author was able to examine the social forces and intellectual developments of the revolution generation, taking into account the conditions of Iran in the 1950s, and give a realistic picture of Iran's social situation. In this novel, to express ideologies such as the ideology of freedom, westernization, conflict and class divide, seeking justice, etc., the scholar has been influenced by Quranic verses, hadiths, national stories-mythologies and metaphorical antidotes. Investigating the types and methods of deepening and intellectual, semantic and cultural development of counter-discourses and their structure is essential for better understanding of the narratives; Therefore, in this research, the reflection of religious, mythological and epic counter-discourses in the novel Jazire sargardani has been investigated with a descriptive-analytical method. The emerging data show that in some cases, the author has used pods to emphasize or justify discourses or to convince and persuade his audience. For example, to oppose Westernization, while some characters consider following the West and imitating it as the only way out of problems, using Quranic verses reminds Iranian Islamic culture, or to express the concept of seeking justice from the story of Bahram Khorramdin and the epic. Ashura has benefited. By this method, he strengthens and supports critical discourses.

 Sufi behavior and character is not limited to one or more specific aspects, because in their behavioral system, many special and even unique customs can be seen, and adherence to them was sometimes considered as a condition of Sufiism. This behavior of ours also appeared in Sufi living areas, including in the way of living and making a living, which sometimes forced them to wander and wander. The main purpose of this essay is to investigate and analyze the behavior of flaner as one of the behaviors of Sufis in Attar"s Masnavis and Molana"s Masnavi and to analyze and explain Attar"s and Molana"s views in this regard.

 The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical based on library studies and document analysis.

 The findings of the research indicate that Attar and Molana do not have a positive view of flaner and begging and if begging and poverty are praised in some verses and anecdotes of these two mystical poets, the meaning of poverty. God is the only one who is truly in need; Both Attar and Molana are opponents of tyranny, unemployment, and begging as a type of abnormal social behavior.

 The results of the research show that Attar and Molana do not consider Tawakkul as the permission of begging and roaming dervishes and others, and they are strongly against begging for a living based on egoism and gluttony. Attar"s approach in Elahinameh is more critical than his other Masnavies, and Molana has condemned flaner in many ways in the six books of Masnavies.

Type 2 diabetes is a health problem and is an emergency that has the fastest growth worldwide. Diabetes is one of the priorities of all public health systems this study aimed to determine the quality of diabetes control in urban family physician centers of Sari city in 1382-1398.

This study was a cross-sectional and cross-sectional study. The required sample size was 275 patients who were selected randomly (a total of 300 patients) and 20 clusters (center), each consisting of 15 diabetic patients, were controlled. The population of the study included all patients with type 2 diabetes referred to health care centers of sari. The cases included age, sex, level of FBS, 2 hpp, HbA1c, blood pressure, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and body mass index as well as eye examination and amputation were also recorded all the information contained the seal of the family physician. In this study, after data collection, the degree of conformity was compared with ADA guidelines. According to the American diabetes association (ADA), the goal of the treatment of this disease is reaching FBS: 90-130, HbA1c below 7%, BS2hpp<180, BMI; 18.5 to 24.9, TG below 150, LDL below 100 and HDL is equal to 50. All statistical analyses were performed in SPSS software. Descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviation for quantitative and frequency and percentage for qualitative variables were discussed.

The study of 300 type 2 diabetic patients showed that the range of age ranged between 30 to 86 years with a mean and standard deviation of 57.5±10.4 years. Also, the lowest body mass index of the patients was 21 and the highest was 53 with a median of 29.4 and an interquartile range (of 27.20 - 32.8). The systolic blood pressure of patients had a median of 120 and interquartile range (110-130) and diastolic blood pressure had a median of 75 and interquartile (75-80). followed by ADA protocol, the frequency of fasting blood glucose (38.4%), blood glucose two hours after meal (37.1%), total 52cases (17.2%) blood sugar control patients according to the American diabetes association .triglyceride (39.7%), HDL in (49% ) and LDL (55.6%) were matched with ADA protocol .also, 32 cases (10.6%) had blood lipid by ADA protocol. Eye examination (14.6%), one turn, (8.3%), three times (1.3%), and three times (0.3%) were performed. also, in 65 cases (21.6%), careful foot examination was done.in addition, 4 cases (1/3%) had amputation due to diabetes and 12 cases (4%) had microalbuminuria.

The result obtained in this study shows that the status of diabetes control in the studied population is better than other studies in Iran however it is far from the standards of the American Diabetes Association, the need for more planning and intervention in the need for correct education and timely referral to There are specialized centers, training and intervention to reduce the weight of these patients. Factors such as lifestyle and socio-economic conditions that institutions and service providers have no control over should be corrected by policymakers

In literary studies, metaphor is considered as the basic element of creativity and a characteristic expression of the author's artistic individuality. Metaphor can be used by writers in various social contexts to support the basic propositions and beliefs of a specific ideology or point of view. Every social context contains a dominant ideology and several subordinate ideologies. In the battle between these ideologies in social contexts, metaphors play an important role. Fauconnier and Turner (1995) raised a new issue in cognitive linguistics and metaphor by showing that all metaphors are not made from matching the source and target domains, as proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980). According to Fauconnier and Turner (1999), mental spaces are small conceptual domains that are created in a person's mind while speaking or thinking. Contemporary novels, including Shahrnūsh Pārsipur’s The Dog and the Long Winter (Sag va Zemestan Boland) are more appropriate and opt to be viewed from this theoretical point, due to their metaphorical language and the proximity of their language to the metaphorical pole; they are free from the limitations governing some formal types of literature such as classical poetry and technical prose. The current research is a theoretical in the sense that it is library-based and the data is investigate via the descriptive-analytical method. To this end, Pārsipur’s novel was carefully studied, and its metaphors were thoroughly extracted. Then, all the metaphors were described and analyzed in order to determine the conceptual domain used in the construction of their mental spaces. The findings revealed that the conceptual domains used in the metaphors of The Dog and the Long Winter play a role in the construction of the mental spaces proposed in the theory of Fauconnier and Turner. The metaphors were classified in terms of eight group as follows:  ontological metaphors (phenomenal or material), characterizing metaphors, directional metaphors for positive and negative entities, structural metaphors (the conceptual domain of objects, body parts, and the concept of life, natural phenomena and animals). In general, it can be said that, in all constructed metaphors, the use of conceptual domains in the construction of metaphors and conveying specific meanings to the audience has been done intentional.

Critical discourse analysis is an approach that examines language as a form of social function and emphasizes the reproduction of social and political power through text and dialogue. One of the types of discourse analysis is critical discourse, which tries to systematically explore the unknown relationships between texts, events, discourse practices and structures, the relationships of cultural and social processes at a wide level. In this research, the discourses related to the ideology of "freedom" in the novel "Dog and Long Winter" have been investigated with the descriptive-analytical method and by referring to Fairclough's critical model, the level of influence and the set of tricks used by the author to express his ideological goals are determined. The purpose of the author of this research is to discover the natural implied propositions that have an ideological meaning and are used in the discourses related to the hegemony of freedom in the novel "Long Dog and Winter". Perhaps a large number of these assumptions (for example, the use of metaphors, symbols, or the selection of words specific to female writers, etc.) have become completely natural, and people are generally unaware of their existence; The emerging data show that all the elements of the novel - including "title selection", "repetition", a large number of negative words against positive words, the gray theme of the novel, metaphors, the author's perspective, the context of the situation, etc. coherent, they contribute to the presentation of the ideological concept of "freedom".

This study aims to evaluate and compare coastline displacement and erosion intensity on the Caspian Sea's southern shores in the largest ports of Northern Iran, including Amirabad, Fereydunkenar, Nowshahr, Anzali, and Astara. Landsat satellite images were used to estimate the morphological status of the coasts in terms of erosion, sedimentation characteristics, diversity of existing coastal landforms, and changes in the GIS environment were used by digital coastline analysis software (DSAS) over the years 1995 to 2021. It has been indicated that the southern shores of the Caspian Sea differed in how they responded to the construction of port structures and Caspian Sea level (CSL) changes, and the areas of Amirabad and Astara ports had the highest displacements as well as accurate measurements of sedimentation and erosion rates, respectively. Given this situation, the beaches overlooking the ports of Nowshahr and Anzali have had significant changes in sedimentation, while the coast of Fereydunkenar had a very slow erosion rate. The northern ports of Iran, as well as changes in the Caspian Sea level (CSL), have direct physical impacts on the adjacent coasts. The management of concentrated sediment resources on the coast is a reliable solution to reducing erosion rate very effectively and the use of sand resources to mitigate coast erosion.

Influenced by European literature, constitutionalist intellectuals began to critique past literature in a revolutionary way; moreover, in order to establish "literary democracy," they called for literature that would serve to awaken people and bring about political change. Confrontation with Europe is the main cultural issue in the constitutional period. The attitude of the traditional Iranian society towards the European civilization caused the intellectual awakening of the intellectuals and the adoption of a new attitude towards politics and culture. Fascination with Western civilization and uncritical treatment of its effects made the humiliation of Iran's cultural heritage seem like a kind of modernism. With the arrival of Western culture in Iran, some believed that moving towards Western models could elevate Iranian society and return it to its former greatness. Imitating the West, they made reforms (Westernization) because they believed the prosperity of Iranian society could result from a comprehensive imitation of the West, so they tried to follow the example of the West in form/content (Westernization). But the third group, by emphasizing the system of indigenous values, Islamic-Iranian culture, etc., found a principled solution to achieve progress. In this study, we have tried to identify the discourse of "westernization" in the novel "Dog and Long Winter" by Shahrnush Parsipur, with political, social and ideological issues, and to explain the production of each discourse. Also, the complex structure of textual production, linguistic features and metalanguage effective in creating this work have been examined based on the method of Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis.

In the last decade, the use of remote sensing has played an important role in identifying and assessing natural disasters, especially floods. Among these techniques, the Support Vector Machine algorithm (SVM) and Change Detection technique can be mentioned. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the capability of these techniques in determining the effects of flood in Gori Belmak Wetland and Poldokhtar triple wetlands in the north of Molab and outlet of Poldokhtar watersheds in Lorestan Province, which was faced with flood in April 2019. The land use maps of the region were prepared by applying supervised classification method and the SVM on the Landsat 8 satellite image in the 2013, 2015, 2017 and 2019. Validation of the maps and techniques using indicators of kappa and overall accuracy, showed the high accuracy of maps prepared. The kappa coefficient was calculated to be 0.87, 0.84, 0.83 and 0.87 for the maps of the studied years and the overall accuracy was 90.02, 89.51, 88.11 and 90.32, respectively. By extracting the water class, the changes that occurred on the water body of the wetlands were detected. The results showed that Gori Belmak Wetland, undergo extensive changes due to reasons such as drought in 2015, increase of 112.08 ha of surrounding arable lands between 2013 and 2019, as well as topographic features, especially lower slope than the three wetlands. In 2019, with the storage of flood, this wetland increased to 47.08 ha compared to 2017 and reached an area of 146.15 ha. The similarity of the results obtained in this study with the results of the research conducted in the study area by the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (EMS) and the Geoinformatics Unit research team on the flood of 2019 indicates the high accuracy of the used techniques and results of the present research.

One of the important issues about narration is the narrative sequence and the role of causal factors in fiction planning. The causal relationships of narrative creator, especially in our educational literature, are formed in relation to the various themes of society. In this article, we have tried to study the causal relations and dominant themes in Saadi's narrative as well as his way of solving the riddle of the anecdotes. The dominant causal relationships in Boostan's anecdotes as a teaching and ethical text were factors such as the culture and ideologies of society, ethical features, mystical discourse. Also, the presence of typographic characters in the narrative design was examined. Saadi's narrative in explaining the causal relations of his story is often the formation of a dialogue that solves the narrative's plot. The founding of the story based on these themes reflects Saadi's attention as a moral teacher to various social issues. The relationship between the structure and content for the boostan is triggered.

Wetlands are some of the most important ecosystems on Earth. They play a key role in alleviating floods and filtering polluted water and also provide habitats for many plants and animals. Wetlands also interact with climate change. Over the past 50 years, wetlands have been polluted and declined dramatically as land cover has changed in some regions. Remote sensing has been the most useful tool to acquire spatial and temporal information about wetlands. In this paper, digital processing of satellite images was used to investigate the trend of water level changes in this wetland Therefore, for this purpose, ETM + and OLI sensor images related to 2017 and 2000 were obtained from USGS database and processed by image classification (ML) method. Image processing accuracy of both periods based on kappa coefficient was more than 70%. The results of comparing the water body of the wetland in the two periods show a significant increase in water level in the cold season in the wetland and has a significant relationship with rainfall in the region. Due to the lack of ground information related to the condition of the wetland in the first period of the field study, the method used in the present study was able to monitor the changes in the wetland with relatively appropriate accuracy.

During the period of literary return, the epistemology of the secretary and the teachings of epistemology writing flourished, and abiding works emerged in the form of social-court literature. Understanding the concept of epistemology writing and the introduction of stylistic epistemology writers in Iranian court literature is one of the main objectives of this study, which is revealed through biographies, literary status and stylistic and individual characteristics. This article is descriptive-analytical and where necessary, discusses practical definitions, types of correspondence, epistemology writers (stylist), etc. In order to match the title and content of this article with a historical and literary perspective, we have used all available sources and references, epistemology books, court documents and correspondences. One of the main findings of this study is the causes and factors that have influenced the stylistic characteristics of epistemology writers during Zand and Qajar dynasties. Literary device mastery, gaining posts in state (court), thinkers’ appraisal on their style and following orders on correspondence formats are factors that influenced their particular writing style. Another result of this article is the association with the genre of court literature, in which epistemology writing and epistemology writers can make a significant contribution to the evolution of scribe's prose and social and court lexicography.

Undoubtedly, death is the biggest unsolved, strange and terrible mystery of man. He/she has always longed for eternity and immortality. Man seeks to create abstract places where there is no death; in this way, he/she convinces himself/herself and comes to rest. Man builds forts, castles, palaces and paradise gardens that show his longing to return to Eden. On the other hand, these buildings refer to a safe place that is impervious to death and provides peace of mind. Var of Jam is one of the most prominent mythological places among the ancient Iranians that has been built to imitate Mitra Palace. There are similar places in the myths of other nations; the most important common point of these places is immortality for those who enter them. The results show that the mythological buildings have much in common with each other. In the present study, by using the analytical-comparative method, these common points are examined.

Aziz al-din Nasafi is a seventh century prolific writer and a mystic, who has dealt with education in his works. His style is didactic. There are an educative intention and a didactic approach in his works. According to Nasafi, instructin of Sufism has theoretical and practical approaches. In this research, this matter will be studied. The results of this study indicate that his works include both the intention of teaching and the didactical method of his own time. Issues related to the educational aspect of Nasafi's works are: "Nasafi and Teaching of Science", "Nasafi and Teaching of Practice," and finally "Nasafi's Teaching Method." Teaching science is related to the teaching of theoretical Sufism and the teaching of practice related to the teaching of mystical journey. The method used in this essay is descriptive and analytical.

Many ancient Iranian stories are artistically emblazoned by poets as well as painters and artists. The story of Bahram Gur’s hunting trip with his slave girl- Kanizak- is among a number of anecdotes about the life of the Sassanid king that has been told differently by various sources. Comparisons of the details have taken distinct art forms and descriptions. With poets like Ferdowsi and Nezami, who have chronicled the diversities and common grounds of this subject; we are able to appreciate the effect and the possible influence of their poems on the art forms. In this research, which was based on descriptive and comlerative methods, after further review of Ferdowsi and Nezami’s expressions of the story of Bahram and Azadeh, the related images have been categorized in two parts: the pre-Islamic artifacts/relics and the Islamic period. Images depicted in ceramic, metal, and tile works were separately evaluated and noted to correspond with the lyrical works.It is also shown that this anecdote has been famous during a long period in a vast area. The resemblance between details in Ferdowsi’s descriptions and pre-Islamic images suggests the likelihood of error in dating those artworks or the probability that Ferdosi had access to images as the resource. About the Islamic period it is shown that Ferdosi’s narration of this story has been more famous than other narrations including Nizami’s.

A structural insight to literary elements in order to studyintratextual aspects and their relationship patterns, leads to find morepositive ground from the literary essence. And, showing methods forbetter literary work creation can help develop the literary process. Agroup of structural critics has focused on structural forms of narrativeand story elements and their compound rules; Claude Bremond bydeveloping a system based on narrative forms proposed a scheme thatis based on a relationship between the smallest units. In this paper,using pattern and sequence of Bremonds, we have studied andanalyzed two stories from Saadi's Boostan or Garden. The aim ofchoosing this subject is the conformity of this theory with the structureof two narratives of Saadi.

Structural view to literary works provides more suitable perception of literature nature because of internal text elements and discovering of their connection pattern، And by giving methods of more great literary works can help extending patterns of literary work processing. Among structuralism critics، one group deal with narrative forms and investigation of story element and their combination rules، That among them ''Claud Bremond''، ''A. J. Greimas'' and ''Tzvetan Todorof'' suggested each one layout that is base on how relation between smallest units. In present study، kioumars story layout (of ferdosi shahname) as one of its madding component has investigated in the view of several structuralisms. In this story at the first there is balanced situation (state). At the time of kioumars kingdom، peace is surrounded the country، then occurrence has been happened، and this primary state has been changed، and formed unbalanced state. demiurge become jealous because of happiness and calmness of kingdom and its people and his child is going to defeat and kill kiuomars. siamak that is awared of demiurges child rancour، he go to war him and is killed. After hero gain his gold (or not) form organized balance state. Kioumars revenged of siamak blood by houshang and die after transferring kingdom to him. The purpose of choosing this subject is accordance of these theories with this kind literary (story).

In Nezami’s poems, particularly Haft Peikar and Eskandarnameh, colors get a symbolic aspect in many cases. Regarding what Nezami himself mentioned about each color and what has been declared in psychology of colors, it has been attempted to propose an interpretation for some symbols of poems. Moreover, in his works, a reference has been made to faith and Islam by green, celestial aspects by blue, exultation by yellow, enthusiasm and attempting for triumph by red, innocence and sublimity by black and all the negative aspects of this color and his view about blacks. In addition, albeit it has been determined that Nezami symbolizes good omen by light brown in Haft Peikar, he doesn’t consider this specific color to imply such concept per se.

Human capital plays an important role in the sustainable economic development. Human capital consists of indices like education, health, training, migration, and other investments which improve the productivity. Although much research has been done on the relationship between education, as an index of human capital, and economic growth, little attention has been paid to the role of health human capital. The paper examines the relationship between health expenditures and economic growth in OPEC countries using panel unit root and panel cointegration tests and also panel long-run estimator for the period 1995-2009. Among OPEC countries, those with higher per capita income (such as Qatar, United Emirates, and Kuwait) have higher per capita health expenditure. The health share of gross domestic product (GDP) is 4.86 percent in Iran. Although this share is higher than average share of OPEC countries (3.81 percent), it is not satisfactory as compared to that of the developed countries (more than 12 percent). The results of estimated model indicate that there is a positive relationship between health expenditure and economic growth so that a 1 percent increase in health expenditure (measured as a percentage of GDP) leads to a 0.06 percent increase in per capita income. Furthermore, the sum of the effects of health and education on growth of per capita income is more than 0.26 percent while the effect of physical capital is just about 0.14 percent. Health should be considered as priority for policy makers. In fact, health expenditure is a long run investment rather than a cost. Increase in the health sector budget, improvement of health services and allocation of more resources toward human capital can increase economic growth.