پرویز ساکتی

Data provides a suitable foundation for evidence-based decision-making. Undoubtedly, the necessity of establishing and developing knowledge-based entrepreneurship relies on the acquisition and collection of reliable and timely data. This research aims to create an open government data ecosystem with a focus on knowledge-based entrepreneurship development, based on the mission of the country's technical and professional organization. The objective is to provide insights for the development of an open government data ecosystem and outline a vision for knowledge-based entrepreneurship within the national technical and professional organization. The research methodology is applied and, in terms of data collection, qualitative using content analysis. The qualitative data collection method involves semi-structured interviews, conducted until reaching theoretical saturation, with a total of 18 interviews performed. Participants were selected using a purposive and snowball sampling method. Data analysis involved three stages of coding using MAXQDA2020 software. Based on the research results, organizational-level influencing factors were identified, comprising "research and development, evaluation and analysis, bureaucracy reduction, creativity and innovation, technology, management, and knowledge management." The outcomes also encompassed "dynamic innovative performance, enhancement of decision-making quality, improvement of the quality and quantity of competency standards, increased participation and collaboration, facilitation of educational processes, and facilitation of skill development." Practical recommendations were provided as well.

The present research uses the research method of design science with the aim of designing a digital entrepreneurship framework in Iran's road freight transportation industry. This research is fundamental-applied in terms of data type, mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in exploratory type; according to the time of data collection, it was cross-sectional and according to the method of data collection or the nature and method of the research, it was a survey. The statistical society of the qualitative part of the research included 20 experts and specialists in the field of digital entrepreneurship and related industry, who were selected using theoretical saturation. In the quantitative part, using Cochran's formula and cluster sampling method, 170 employees of relevant industry were selected as samples. Semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect data, and its validity and reliability were checked and confirmed. Coding and systematic review of literature and Maxqda software were used to analyze the data in the qualitative part. In the quantitative part, one-sample t-test and structural equation modeling and SPSS and Lisrel software were used. In order to evaluate and test, the designed framework was studied in a company in related industry. results showed that the components of digital entrepreneurship in Iran's road freight transportation industry include structural, technical and developmental components Also, the affecting factors, consequences, platforms, facilitators, obstacles and strategies were presented in this framework. Also, the results showed that the research model has a good fit and all the identified factors are in a higher than average condition.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are considered the main drivers of economic development, and financial and technical support for them can have significant impacts on overall economic flows. Banks, as the primary arm for financing and credit provision to businesses, play an indispensable role in this regard. Thus, the primary objective of this study is twofold: first, to propose a model for national banks’ support aimed at fostering entrepreneurial behavior in SMEs, and second, to examine the significance and prioritization of key factors influencing banks' supportive role in developing entrepreneurial behavior in SMEs. To achieve this, the study utilized expert opinions from a panel of seven specialists in economics and banking from West Azerbaijan province for the qualitative section, and 464 managers from banks (specifically Sepah Bank) and SMEs in the province for the quantitative section. Data collection tools included semi-structured interviews for the qualitative phase and a researcher-made questionnaire for the quantitative phase. For data analysis and identifying influencing factors regarding banks' support for the development of entrepreneurial behavior in SMEs, thematic analysis and MAXQDA software were employed. Additionally, quantitative data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling and AMOS software. The qualitative findings revealed that a total of 82 primary themes, organized into 14 organizing themes, can be identified in the context of banks' role in supporting the development of entrepreneurial behavior in SMEs. In the quantitative section, the significance and prioritization of causal, intervening, and contextual factors were examined. The results also demonstrated how the entrepreneurial behaviors of SMEs can either advance or stagnate based on banks' behaviors.

This study mainly aims to validate the framework of the entrepreneurship ecosystem of science and technology parks in Iran. The purpose of this study is to improve the infrastructures and achieve the vision of the science and technology parks, managing and directing the interactions among different factors involved for creating sustainable value, entrepreneurial opportunities and business scalability. In terms of purpose, the current research is applied and has a descriptive approach of the correlational type, with a qualitative strategy of a sequential exploratory type. The statistical sample in the qualitative section was purposeful and theoretical in the form of interviews with 15 experts in the field of entrepreneurship and science and technology parks in Iran. In the quantitative part, 181 managers of parks and technology units, and other key people involved in this ecosystem participated. The reliability and validity of the researcher-made questionnaire was measured using Cronbach’s alpha and the average extracted variance were above 0.845 and 0.604, respectively. The findings show that causal factors (characteristics of local structures, entrepreneurship policies and local entrepreneurship indicators), contextual factors (financial, human resources, physical and intangible infrastructure, capacity building, promotion, enablers) and intervening factors (adaptability, tension removal, resilience) predict 0.487, 0.541 and 0.634 of changes in strategies (interactions within and outside the ecosystem), respectively. The axial category predicts 0.798 of changes in strategies. Strategies also predict 0.782 of changes in outcomes (wealth creation, workforce, and businesses). The science and technology parks are suggested to consider the aforementioned

The study of science and technology parks literature shows that approaches based on regional economy, technological and industrial clusters, and innovation systems are the basis for creating science and technology parks. The main idea of the formation of science and technology parks is to develop technology and entrepreneurship and promote innovation culture through managing the flow of knowledge and technology between universities, research institutes and private companies and the market. In the past years, many policymakers, academics and company managers have increasingly recognized the benefits of regional entrepreneurial ecosystems. Accordingly, the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystem means thinking and action have been used to design entrepreneurial policies. Examining the research reports indicates that a small number of technological businesses enjoy parking services in the life cycle of the company, which is caused by two categories of factors, the first includes the macro issues, such as reduction of government budgets, lack of management efficient systems, sanctions and bottlenecks in international communication, lack of participation of the private sector, and the second includes lack of experience of the park headquarters in managing technology and innovation, crisis management and solving upcoming challenges, and issues such as managing interactions, resilience and sustainability of businesses. Hence, the purpose of this research is to provide a framework for evaluating the entrepreneurial ecosystem of science and technology parks, because according to the experiences gained, providing the framework prevents the partiality and insularity of science and technology parks in drafting programs to support entrepreneurial processes and minimizes parallel work and waste of resources.
The research is qualitative and based on systematic grounded theory. The data of the research was collected through semi-structured interviews including 15 experts in the field of entrepreneurship and science and technology parks of the country until reaching theoretical saturation and purposeful sampling was done by theoretical and snowball method. The statistical population of this research consists of experts related to the field of research. Sampling is also purposeful and in the form of snowballs. Sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Furthermore, results evaluation criteria are as follows: 1. Matching, 2. Ability to understand, 3. Ability to generalize, 4. Control, 5- Practical relevance, 6- Efficiency, and 7- Modifyability. For determining the overall validity of the model in this research, the ratio test wass used to measure the validity of the ground theory.
Data analysis was also done with the Strauss and Corbin approach in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The result showed that causal-conditions (characteristics of ecosystem place structures, entrepreneurship policies and ecosystem place entrepreneurship indicators), contextual-conditions (financial, human, physical and intangible infrastructure, capacity building, promotion, enablers), Intervening-conditions (adaptability, elimination of tension, resilience), strategies (inside- and outside- entrepreneurial ecosystem interactions), outcomes (wealth creation, workforce, businesses), pivotal include, evaluation the entrepreneurial ecosystem of science and technology parks (with  indicators of support, mediation, technical opportunism,  and help for explotation of opportunity).
Unfortunately, science and technology parks rarely evaluate the entrepreneurial ecosystem created by themselves and only rely on performance evaluation results. A short-term solution in this field is to sensitize the officials of the parks and the Ministry of Science to the issue of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, so that they consider the evaluation of the entrepreneurial ecosystem along with the evaluation of the park’s performance, because the most important task of the park is streamlining and creating stable connections
to carry out its missions. Considering the financial constraints and the threatening environmental conditions of the country, the best strategy is to use the capabilities of the ecosystems in a win-win relationship to advance the park’s goals.The proposed framework can be used as a basis for evaluation the establishment or development of entrepreneurial ecosystem of science and technology parks. To this end, the following suggestions are presented: 1. It is suggested that in future research, the framework presented in this research should be used to evaluate the entrepreneurial ecosystem of other Science and Technology Parks of the Ministry of Science across the country with a wider population and statistical sample and compare the results with these results. 2. It is suggested to conduct comparative studies to take advantage of the situation of other countries in evaluating the entrepreneurial ecosystem of science and technology parks in the world. 3. It is suggested that the evaluation framework of the entrepreneurship ecosystem of science and technology parks related to executive bodies and specialized parks be designed and its results be compared with this research

Regarding the role of entrepreneurship in the economic and social growth of developed countries, analyzing the entrepreneurial process and the factors affecting the management of the fear of failure in entrepreneurship would contribute to the successful advancement of entrepreneurship, creating new job opportunities and exiting the single-product economic situation. The main goal of this research is to modelling the factors influencing the management of the fear of entrepreneurial failure in Iranian start-up businesses, by determining their effectiveness. Based on this, the research method of this research is applied in terms of purpose and mixed-exploratory in terms of information gathering. This research has two qualitative parts to identify the factors affecting the management of the fear of entrepreneurial failure and a quantitative part to determine the effectiveness of the factors. Sampling method in both quantitative and qualitative sections done purposefully and using snowball method. In the qualitative part, first, a semi-structured interview with 10 experts used to identify the factors influencing the management of the fear of failure in entrepreneurship in the quantitative analysis part of the DEMATEL method. For this purpose, DEMATEL questionnaire given to 12 experts and using DEMATEL modeling, the effect of factors was calculated. The research results show 7 important and effective factors in managing the fear of entrepreneurial failure of Iranian start-up businesses. Among these factors, legal factors were the most influential variables and personal and personality factors were the most influential variables.

The purpose of this research is to identify the drivers, obstacles and consequences of digital entrepreneurship in Iran's road freight transportation industry. The statistical society of this research in the qualitative part was made up of 20 experts in this field who were selected using theoretical saturation. In the quantitative part, using Cochran's formula and cluster sampling method, 170 employees of this industry were selected as samples. In order to collect data, a semi-structured interview was used in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire was used in the quantitative part, whose validity and reliability were checked and confirmed. In the data analysis, systematic literature review and coding and Maxqda software were used in the qualitative part, and inferential statistics and SPSS and Lisrel software were used in the quantitative part. Finally, 9 indicators in 4 driver factors, 11 indicators in 3 obstacle factors and 55 indicators in 8 consequence categories were extracted and prioritized using factor analysis. The result of this research shows that the political component is a priority as a driver and political obstacles are a priority as an obstacle. Therefore, the role of the government in this field is very important.

Attention to entrepreneurship has been vital in recent years. Most researchers in this field are looking for why and how to spread entrepreneurial behavior in society and acknowledge that this is an effective factor in economic advancement. Research in this area is sparse and limited. The present study, based on scientometric methods and content analysis of documents, examines studies in this field in order to provide a conceptual model by sorting research. The statistical population of the study includes all the documents provided in the Scopus database with 666 documents (like articles, books, etc.) until 2019, which evaluated by bibexcle software and VOSviewer. Then, based on the content analysis of the documents, the documents sorted. Based on this, the results of the study divided into four areas: the first part of individual and cultural factors including "gender, age, risk-taking, independence, experience, awareness, belief in self-efficacy, self-control, mental norms, entrepreneurial attitude", The second part of environmental factors includes "entrepreneurial and dynamic environment, enabling, family supportive, and social supportive environment", the third part of economic factors including "individual and social financial resources" and the fourth part of institutional and legal factors including " Legal, supportive laws and supporting institutions issues.

Organizational social entrepreneurship can be defined as "pursuing entrepreneurial behavior in organizations to create social value." Therefore, identifying the dimensions of social entrepreneurship and the relationship between these dimensions, helps us to understand this phenomenon and provide a model of organizational social entrepreneurship in non-profit organizations, which is the main purpose of this article. In terms of applied purpose and in terms of research method, considering that the emphasis is on recognizing the dimensions of organizational social entrepreneurship, the case and context sample method has been used to identify the components of the research through a questionnaire. Organizational social entrepreneurship and the relationship between these components in 10 non-profit organizations in Iran are studied as examples. Focal correlation analysis was used to analyze the data. The results show that the four main dimensions of social entrepreneurship include organizational, strategic, environmental, environmental and start-up dimensions, which is an organizational dimension consisting of 7 components including entrepreneurial organizational culture, organizational resources, economic rationality, control and evaluation. Performance - Characteristics, Values and Behavior of Employees - Organizational Communication - Appropriate Organizational Structure and Strategic Dimension Including 2 Components Including Characteristics, Values and Behavior of Strategic Leaders - Vision Mission and Environmental Advancement Dimension Including 3 Components Including Government Support And municipality - appropriate economic environment - appropriate social environment and one component includes the start-up phase based on the initial actions and there is a correlation between all components of organizational social entrepreneurship

Small and medium-sized companies are considered as the main drivers of economic cycles in almost all countries and the importance and key role of these companies in improving indicators such as GDP and poverty reduction and improving national employment statistics per person Not covered. However, due to their special nature and characteristics, these enterprises have limitations in various fields such as human resources, financial resources, external communication, etc., which lead to the entry of governmental and non-governmental actors. In order to support them and to improve the financial and non-financial performance of these companies. In this regard, the present study seeks to identify different aspects of the support of these actors from small and medium companies.In the present study, the researcher has analyzed the results and findings of previous researchers using a systematic and meta-integrated review approach, and has identified the aspects of supporting small and medium-sized companies by performing the seven steps of the Sandlowski and Barroso method. In this regard, in order to measure reliability and quality control, the kappa method was used, the value of which was identified for the indicators identified at the level of excellent agreement. The results of the implementation of hyper-integrated steps in Max Kyoda software showed that the aspects of supporting small and medium enterprises are 4 general dimensions of non-financial measures of the banking industry, financial measures of the banking industry, non-financial institutional measures and institutional financial measures. The two dimensions include a total of 8 components and 55 indicators.

Today, universities compete with each other in several areas, including the dimensions of student management at the national and international levels. This study intends to review and design a strategic model for the development of entrepreneurial competencies of students of the University of Applied Sciences. The main purpose of this study is to design a strategic model for the development of entrepreneurial competencies of students of the University of Applied Sciences. Due to the nature and objectives of the research, in order to answer the research questions, theorize and provide a background model for the development of entrepreneurial competencies, the data theory theory method of the foundation is on the agenda. Using the foundation data theory method can achieve the goal of developing applied knowledge in the field of entrepreneurial competencies to assist in future decisions. The statistical population of the present study includes senior managers, middle managers, experts in charge of Guilan University of Applied Sciences, which according to the report of Guilan University of Applied Sciences were 20 people. In this research, the data analysis process has been done during three coding stages due to its importance in the underlying theory approach. In the present study, with emphasis on organizational capabilities approach, students' entrepreneurial competencies in three main categories of passion strategy, ability strategy and orientation strategy and seven sub-categories including relationship with industry, private sector, financial sector, infrastructure, market structure , Organization and policies of the Ministry of Science were formulated.

The main purpose of this research was to design a strategic model for the development of entrepreneurship competencies of students of the University of Applied Sciences.

The present study was applied in terms of the purpose and qualitative in terms of the research method employed. The research population included the academic experts of Gilan University of Applied Sciences in the academic year of 2020-21, 17 of whom were selected based on the theoretical saturation method and purposefully. The research tool was a semi-structured interview, which was used to validate the findings from the re-review strategy by the researcher and formal validity (university professors) and for reliability, the coding agreement coefficient of two coders was used, which was 0.89. For data analysis, coding using thematic analysis method was used in MAXQDA19 software.

The findings showed that 115 initial themes, 12 central themes and 3 optional themes were identified for the strategic model of developing students' entrepreneurial competencies; So that the chosen themes included passion strategy (venture capital, innovation and high growth), ability (competition, technology absorption, human capital and new opportunities) and orientation strategy (opportunity understanding, risk-taking, cultural support, networking and skill).

According to the results, it can be said that the planners of the university system, on the one hand, should motivate and encourage and remove financial and structural obstacles to increase and develop the entrepreneurial skills of students, and on the other hand, they should focus on empowering entrepreneurs and the cultural and social contexts of entrepreneurship

Commercialization of academic research is one of the executive strategies to turn science into wealth. The aim of the present study is to identify the factors affecting the commercialization of academic research in Islamic Azad University. The present research method is a qualitative data type of the foundation, the statistical population includes academic experts and a purposeful sampling method based on theoretical saturation. To collect data, two methods of study and analysis of research background and semi-structured interviews were used. The research findings show that the small growth of academic research in the Islamic Azad University, especially during the last two decades, shows that there is a good potential for intellectual production. Findings also indicate 5 major factors to increase the commercialization of academic research. Factors are divided into intraorganizational and extra-organizational groups. The research findings are also in line with research findings in other countries to identify factors affecting the commercialization of academic research.

In the modern world, growing percentage of the urban population and increasing development of the urban areas resulted in increasing consumption of the material containing irresolvable waste and the other extras associated with the modern life; so it evoked the urban managers to pay attention to the matter of the waste more seriously. In spite of many ways to achieve progress and to increase productivity, taking advantage of the entrepreneurial opportunities by applying the new technologies accompanied with creating the new markets can increase wealth and improve the national economy of the countries. In this field, having insight and identifying the entrepreneurial opportunities made this process valuable.  Utilizing the entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of waste is considered as an effective factor in productivity, thus it gains the economic advantage for the countries.

  This research with the aim of planning the utilization model of the entrepreneurial opportunities in the waste industry tends to create an insight to achieve productivity by identifying the aforementioned opportunities. In terms of method, this research is qualitative and exploratory and in terms of goal, it is applicable. Information gathering method was the semi- structured interviews and the participants were selected purposefully by the snowball method .The interviews continued till the saturation point of the theoretical views. The twelfth review was witness to the considered goal. In the quality part, analyzing data was done through the content analysis (Khanifer & Moslemi, 2018) by the three steps of coding by MAXQDA 2020 software. For reliability of the qualitative research, the methods of triangular of data sources, colleague’ review, and participants’ checking were used (Khastar, 2009). For validity, two methods of the open test reliability and reliability of agreement between two coders were used (Khastar, 2009).

  Interviews with the participants were continued till the saturation point was achieved in the twelfth one. The participants were selected on purpose by the snowball method. Data analysis was done through the three steps of coding by MAXQDA2020 software.  Based on the research findings, “the rules and upstream documents, culture building and education, technology, and institutes” are effective in utilizing of the entrepreneurial opportunities in the waste industry.

Up to now, in Iran, the matter of the entrepreneurial opportunities in the waste industry was not accounted as it deserved, except by a few researchers. Therefore, the present research tends to present the model of utilizing the entrepreneurial opportunities in the aforementioned industry. So, analyzing data was carried out in the three steps of coding by MAXQDA2020 software. Based on the research findings, the factors of rules and upstream documents, culture building and education, technology, and institutes were identified. In this model, the rules and upstream documents including “amending and improving the laws and the supportive laws”; culture building and education including “entrepreneurial culture in the field of waste, entrepreneurial education; the institutes including “the formal and informal ones”; technology including “attraction and usage” were identified. Parallel with the research results, Kornayich et.al (2012) explained that entrepreneurship as a factor of identification, evaluation, and opportunity utilization process in the hospital waste disposal can be effective and creates value. Mirtorabi et.al (2013) also pointed to the effect of the information sources and the communication channels in accepting the waste management and changing as well as improving the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of the rustics to fulfill the management requirements that evaluate the effective role of culture building and awareness increase, parallel with the research results. Ramavandi et. al (2014) demonstrated that in Bushehr city, waste recycling  gained low rate since the industrial sector faces with challenges including  lack of awareness  about the advantages of  recycling of recycled raw materials, weakness in separation from waste resource and unknown recycle advantages for the people and authorities. In a research entitled “the process of creation and discovery of the entrepreneurial opportunities”, Rezaee Mirghaed (2015) declared that in spite of the various studies conducted in the field of theorizing related to entrepreneurship, there is not any acceptable universal conceptual model for the experts in this field yet, unfortunately. Entrepreneurship in the meaning of value creation contains Kirzner ‘entrepreneurial discovery and Schumpeter’ innovation. Any change in the economic process leads to the value creation; therefore, the research approach tries to close the basis of the entrepreneurship theory to the economics. In other words, entrepreneurship is changing in the economic process since the process of general entrepreneurship is transferring from an economic equilibrium to another resulting in the new value. Yan & Yab (2015) emphasized separation from waste resource and separation waste disposal by the recycling processes in the waste management systems. Stephen (2020) also mentioned that a policy roadmap was suggested to achieve the goal of improving the entrepreneurial opportunity in the urban areas in order to achieve the economic competition. Morseletto (2020) expressed that the circular economics is a general expression in the field of industrial economy which is based on 10 common strategies (recovery, recycling, reproduction, recycling, renovation, repair, reuse, decrease, rethink, and refusal). Also, Leton et.al (2020) evaluated the role of government and laws and upstream documents that affirms the present research results.

In Iran, the commercialization of university research is still in its infancy stage. The purpose of present study was to identify and prioritize the effective barriers to the commercialization of research in the Islamic Azad University. This study was a qualitative research using grounded theory approach, the statistical population includes academic experts and a purposeful sampling was applied based on theoretical saturation. To collect data, two methods of study and analysis of research background and semi-structured interviews were used. Research findings showed that during the last two decades, there was a high potential for intellectual production in this university. However, the findings indicated that there are five major obstacles to increasing the commercialization of academic research. Also, the division of barriers into two groups within and outside the organization highlights the wide range of these challenges and the unwillingness of university administrators to commercialize research in the short and medium perspectives. The research findings are in line with findings in other countries regarding major barriers to the commercialization of academic research

The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a model for the internationalization of banking businesses.

This is an applied, descriptive research that investigated the subject in a mixed method. And its statistical population in the qualitative part was the experts of the scientific community and university specialists who used the interview tool and in the quantitative part it included all the employees of the foreign exchange department of the Foregn Exchange Deparetment of Melli Bank of Iran in Tehran city and the questionnaire tool was used.

The obtained results indicate the impact of the investigated indicators on the internationalization of banks and specify the assumptions that enable banks to enter international markets and draw a path for them to improve their performance quality.

Therefore, the internationalization of banking businesses can be promoted by using the factors that affect the internationalization of banking businesses. And by solving the mentioned problems and obstacles, the causes of internationalization of banking businesses can be provided.

The present research deals with the design of the model of business management indicators in Melimi Bank.

This research was fundamental in terms of its purpose and the method used was qualitative and meta-composite approach, which is considered in the category of interpretive paradigm. This research was based on an initial sample of 113 related studies that were extracted from scientific databases from 2010 to 2022, and after screening related studies in terms of title, abstract, content, and research methodology, 40 studies were selected using judgmental sampling. Their results and findings were combined using Mexquioda qualitative software.

The results of the initial synthesis led to the identification of key success factors including 7 main categories, 12 concepts and 47 indicators. In the next stage, through interviews with the managers and experts of National Bank, the results obtained from this method were analyzed and verified with the aim of evaluating the validity of the extracted categories, and as a result of the in-depth review and study of the texts related to these indicators, the final comprehensive model was obtained. Came.

The results showed that the main categories included process design and architecture, human resource management, strategic planning, culture, management style, leadership style and organization, and 21 concepts, which were finally explained at 3 micro, medium and macro levels.

Small & Medium-sized Enterprises growth has been taken into consideration by many academia and policymakers as a research area in recent years. This study aims to determine factors influencing growth of women-led SMEs. This study adopts Sequential Exploratory Mixed Methods (integrating quantitative and qualitative data)  Design. In first step we studied factors affecting growth of women-led SMEs, in this regard, a sample of experts in women-led SMEs and marketing (N = 15) was selected and interviewed with Semi-structured method in 5 provinces of Iran (Guilan, Khorasan, Markazi, Kerman and Kordestan).  The contents of the interviews were analyzed in three stages of Coding (open, axial, selective). At the end of qualitative research, a questionnaire was designed based on the key concepts. In the second step (i.e., quantitative part) a sample of 55 women-led SMEs from west of the country was examined through random sampling method. Based on the findings of the study, the Conceptual Model dimensions were appreciated by experts and entrepreneurs from the descriptive aspect. Additionally, analyses of main purposes of this study revealed  that a set of factors including entrepreneurial competencies, market growth strategies, business models, the role of government, and cultural and political factors, influences growth of women-led enterprises

This study was conducted to provide a suitable framework for comparative appraisal of academic management information system in universities and higher education systems of Iran. Descriptive and analytical method was used for research implementation. Statistical population consisted of all of students, professors, principles, and staffs working in universities executing academic management information system in Iran. Of universities consisted in statistical population, Tehran University, Isfahan University, Shiraz University and Ahwaz University (Shahid Chamran) were selected as purposeful sampling method. Statistical sample size of students of each university was obtained using Morgan table. Data collection instruments consisted of the proposed framework-based questionnaire in 4 specific forms of sample groups; validity and reliability of questionnaires were examined through validation process and questionnaires were valid and reliable. The significant findings of study were: 1-academic management information system of Iran consists of 4 main dimensions including users’ satisfaction, practical advantages, system capabilities, and functional limitations. 2-comparative appraisal of four groups indicated relative priority of Isfahan University to other 3 universities. 3-academic information management system of Iran was at average and poor level with a distance from optimal situation. 4-the proposed model for appraisal of academic information management system of Iran was introduced in framework of 4 factors, 25 metrics and 129 indicators.

The general objective of this paper is to evaluate the management information system in higher education in Iran using the optimization approach. Using this method, the management information system of four selected universities (Isfahan, Tehran, Shiraz and Ahwaz) was compared with Odekar. The statistical population of the study was cluster sampling of 1511 students, 1038 professors, 518 managers and 1158 employees. The research instrument consisted of a researcher-made questionnaire composed of dimensions of the management information system. After calculating its validity and reliability among the audience groups, the data were analyzed using statistical analysis of variance and Scheffe's post hoc test. The results showed that the University of Isfahan had the best status with the highest average in all dimensions compared to other universities.Based on studies and surveys conducted at universities and institutes of higher education, it is recommended that in a comparative study, other organizations and institutions using management information systems in the country be studied, and within that framework. Put them in the test plant

Many entrepreneurs,policy makers and researchers consider business growth as a key outcome for new and young firms. Why do some companies continue creating jobs and finding innovative solutions for old problems .While other companies remain small . A better understanding of important factors of growth, helps Entrepreneur women and investors succeed in their business. Design/methodology/approach- This study is a qualitative study with a foundation data approach, to identify strategies that influence the growth of women's small and medium business market. The statistical population consisted of female entrepreneurs in The statistical population includes female entrepreneurs in Guilan, Khorasan, Markazi, Kurdistan and Kerman provinces from five geographical regions (north, south, east, west and center) of Iran .The statistical sample consisted of 15 female entrepreneurs from 5 provinces of Iran. Needed information of the study is gathered through a semi-structured interview with 15 entrepreneur women around five provinces of the country in various industries. Utilizing three coding stages ( open, axial and selective).Findings-The results of this study identify a set of strategies that are effective on business growth. These include marketing strategies (market development, product development, market penetration, differentiation, and diversification). The strategy of business practices( Customer orientation, training, use of modern technology, networking and agility) and entrepreneurial orientation strategy (innovation orientation, risk taking and pre-activation) and and eventually a conceptual model is presented.

The purpose of this study was to examine theorganizational effectiveness and quality performance of FARS public and private organization training offices. Statisticalpopulation consisted of all assistants, executive chiefs, training office managers and staffs, and organizational teachers of Fars public and private organizations. Study measures were two researcher – made questionnaires; organizational effectiveness and quality performance of training office. The validity calculated by factor analysis and item analysis methods and reliability calculated by Cronbach’s alpha method. The results showed: 1) From view point of assistants and executive chiefs; organizational effectiveness of training office and from view point oftraining office managers and staffs; quality performance of training office was atthe average level at public and private organizations. 2) Organizational effectiveness and quality performance of training office at public organizations was greater than private organizations. 3) There was a positive and significant relationship between organizational effectiveness and quality performance of training office. 4) Educational policy making dimension had the most important role in predicting organizational effectiveness of training office.

This research is basically intended to assess the relationship between aspects of self-direction and individual knowledge management of the managers. The research follows descriptive method using correlation. Research population includes all the managers in the field of education، research، students and finance، as well as managers at departments and sections in Shiraz University in the academic year of 1389-90. Research instruments included two scales: self-direction (Sheikh Nezami، 1376)، and knowledge management (researcher-made). Multi-variant regression analysis was used to analyze data. The results indicated that there was a positive and significant relation between aspects of self-direction and individual knowledge management.