فهرست مطالب پروین قاسمی

This article examines the intersection of gender and disability in The Glass Menagerie, a 1944 play by the acclaimed American dramatist Tennessee Williams, and the 2010 Iranian film adaptation Here Without Me, scripted and directed by Bahram Tavakoli. Disability studies refer to a relatively new discipline which seeks to investigate the variegated continuum of embodiment through cultural discourses that challenge the medical and scientific perceptions of disability. In the adapted film, compulsory able-bodiedness, the belief that perfect healthy bodies are the norm, while freakish, different, and disabled ones are deviations from the said norm, is seen on the screen countless times, a view established by the dominant culture of normalcy. As a site of intercultural transposition, the film re-contextualizes the intersection of gender and disability in contemporary Iran and hence throws some of the tacit assumptions regarding embodied experience into relief. Both the play and the film implicate fantasy as an implicit critique of normalcy.

This study is to address the narratives and meanings of participatory activities of young women and girls, secretary of active youth NGOs in Isfahan province to examine what social contexts and reasons lead these girls to this type of collective and participatory activities.Relying on the theoretical approach of all types of participation from formal participation to real participation in the 8-step ladder of Arnstein and according to the method of thematic narrative analysis from the perspective of Katherine Riessman, among 38 girls and young women secretaries of active youth NGOs in Isfahan province, the narratives of 22 of them were collected, coded and categorized. Except for one of them, these girls had undergraduate and graduate education, and most of them had studied humanities and social sciences. For them, especially those educated in the humanities, there are few job opportunities. On the other hand, nearly 70% of young girls between the ages of 25 and 32 in this study were single. These conditions have created suitable grounds for encouraging girls to form non-governmental organizations and formalizing their presence in society. Participatory experiences outside of family relationships and communication with quasi-governmental organizations, Basij and government organizations have been effective in the activities of the daughters of the founder of NGOs. These fields and their familiarity with the community issues of the city and their neighborhoods, has led them to social participation in the form of registration and activity in it.

This paper seeks to address aspects of contemporary Iranian anthropology by focusing on one of the works of Margaret Mead, a prominent American anthropologist. One of these aspects goes back to the introduction of a less-known work by Margaret Mead in Iran. In this regard, the position of classical works in Iranian academic anthropology is discussed. Anthropology, in the work of Margaret Mead, is based on philanthropy, presence, understanding, theorizing, as well as futurism in the past. The principles of understanding this type of anthropology is imagination, writing, philanthropy, movement, and seeing. Without addressing the classics in anthropology education, current Iranian academic education pays less attention to these basic works in anthropology. Iranian university anthropology, its curricula, the quantity and quality of student participation in curriculum design and development, need to be reviewed and revised. Reviewing classical works, extracting hidden and obvious principles in these texts and compiling curricula based on those principles according to the needs of this science taken from the opinions of students and graduates, will be effective in improving this area.

Health of mothers and neonates is one of the important indicators of health promotion which determines the health status of the community and future generations. One of the interventional strategies to prevent pregnancy complications is improving the preconception care program and educate the community regarding the goals of the maternal health program. Peer group education is one of the active learning methods. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a training program with a peer-to-peer approach on awareness, attitude, and the population covered by preconception care in Rural Comprehensive Health Centers in Mobarakeh City, Iran.

In this experimental study, 140 married women with inclusion criteria under the coverage of two health houses of Rural Comprehensive Health Centers of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Fourteen women from the test village who met the inclusion criteria in the peer group but did not belong to the test group were selected and trained. First, the experimental group completed the first stage questionnaires. Then, each woman in the peer group trained 5 members of the experimental group. Two months later, the second stage questionnaires were completed. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software using independent t-test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcoxon test.

The mean scores of awareness, attitude, and coverage were not significantly different between the two groups before the intervention (P > 0.05), but in the experimental group, they were significantly higher after the intervention (P < 0.05). In the control group, there was no significant difference between the mean scores of pre- and post-intervention (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between preconception care coverage before the intervention between two groups (P > 0.05). The coverage of preconception care in the experimental group was significantly higher after the intervention (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between preconception care coverage before and after intervention in the control group (P > 0.05).

Peer education has a positive effect on awareness, attitude, and referrals of the target group.

This paper aims to answer this leading question: "what are the cultural mechanisms in transferring models of public speaking fright in a culture?"  This question has been seen from the perspective of the theoretical approach of the school of culture and Personality and, of course, Iran's documentary studies. The school of culture and personality in the field of psychology anthropology tries to identify the society’s dominant features by relying on the general cultural characteristics of a society. This study also intends to focus on how the transferring of fear of speaking among the generations, based on the views of the school and also the study of literatures, which are commonly used as poems and rhetoric among the members of Iranian culture. In the literature and documents studies in Iran, there is component that fear to speak in the public, and the three main ways of conveying this fear of speaking include the emphasis on "silence," emphasis on "action", and the emphasis on "written text". The emphasis on not to speak in the crowd in literature and by proverbs and also the use of multiple methods to convey this fear, make questionable the oral history of Iranian culture. Being of high Oral history has been emphasized by the Iranian thinkers. While there are a lot sings of being silence. The oral history is rely on speaking. And speaking in culture is blamed and passed on to members through literature, proverbs, stories and narratives.

The following article, focuses on the history of personal life (first decade of my life) and the path taken by generations before me.  The main question is "Why I have not become a good speaker?" "Public speaking skills and abilities" in both personal and extra-personal context; Historical and social, psychological, cultural and political developments take shape.   By the ethnographic method in this study, personal history and its relationship with speech skills have been investigated. Speech skills in the individual are formed in the heart of two histories; the general history that continues from eternity which is the macro history and the other is the history of one's personal life. Personal history refers to the history of a person's life and her (his) presence in this world, which the speaker has in his personal memory. Macro history and personal history as to why my public speaking situation could not be analyzed without each other. The combination of the two, as well as the situation that each imposes on the individual in some way, is effective in how one develops one's eloquence.

The book of Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples was written in anti-colonial texts with orientations toward anthropology, research, and science. From anthropology to science and research was blamed by writer because of using them by colonial system. The author claims that science, research and anthropology have contributed to colonization. Evidences of inhumane research by British colonists in New Zealand on the Maori is presented in the book.This book shows that, in the face of numerous struggles that the Maori tribes have made with the colonists, today the meaning and application of “research” have become different from the past, and they welcomed to “research” with open arms. According to the evidence, the main culprit is not "research" but the economic and political ambitions of the colonial countries that overshadow the name of research and anthropology.The Maoris always in particular and the Polynesians generally are introduced and identified from the perspective of foreign anthropologists, But in this book, she is a Maori woman who writes and records and expresses her opinion and analysis of the past and anthropology.  In this book, is not to be seen anti-colonialist view of the West or colonialism in the light of their understanding of the Maori. This issue is less addressed in anti-colonial works. Writing about the Maori themselves and their wounds will help to improve the situation, but it does not require us to understand the West and colonize from a careful perspective and pay attention to the subjective layers.

This article focuses on the migration process of one of the Azerbaijani families of the resident of Tehran. It aims to addres, from an anthropological perspective and with a narrative analysis method, how to survival and promotion of life among some of the low-income immigrants in the city. Immigration is a process and does not end with the arrival of immigrants. Focusing on immigrant narratives and extracting immigration and survival strategies are essential to completing immigration research.This concept implies immigration more than stage migration (from west to small town and from there to larger cities), return migration (returning migrants to the village due to the difference in urban and rural life) and spatial or periodic migration (seasonal residence in the city and Village). survival low-income urban migrants in the city takes about two to three decades.They quietly equip themselves with survival strategies.One of these strategies revolves around housing and a variety of low-income neighborhoods. The chances of living in immigration are very important. The chances that nobody creates, except intelligence, the patience and wealth of the immigrant and his family in order to realize the standard of living in Tehran. Understanding the ways of housing promotion among our low-income people cause understanding the impoverishment of urban poverty.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of information literacy of teachers of Bileh Savar city in Iran. In this study, awareness and use of information resources by teachers and their knowledge and skills in assessing, evaluating and using various types of information sources were analyzed. The results of this study can be used to improve the quality of teaching and learning in the schools.

The research methodology is descriptive-survey. The DAS questionnaire, consisting of 55 questions based on five standards of information literacy, was used to collect the data. In order to analyze the data, the Pearson correlation test, t-test and ANOVA were used.

The results show that the information literacy of teachers of Bileh Savar city was lower than the middle level. These findings confirm the research hypothesis. The results also indicated that there was no significant relationship between age, experience and gender of teachers and the level of information literacy; but there was a significant relationship between teacher's academic degree and their information literacy level.

Based on the findings of the current study, we conclude that the information literacy skills of teachers of Bileh Savar city were lower than the mean.

This essay attempts to pay attention to the issue of social cohesion arising from ethnicity and ethnic- cultural origin of immigrants in neighborhood of Islam Abad of Karaj during the organization plan from the perspective of urban anthropology. According to this, Different Azeri groups of immigrants of the villages such villages Sorkheh Functions of Tabriz, Buin of Zanjan and Chnarlaq and Sefidab of Ardabil in the hills and as well religious site and religious staff as the crystallization of social - ethnic cohesion, in Islam Abad neighborhood have been considered in this paper.The method used in this research has been anthropological including the qualitative approach, using interviews and direct observation as well as the method used to the following nodes of group cohesion that has provided a lot of data.Macro policy-making has positive and negative effects on the city and inhabitants of it. Some groups suffer positively or negatively impacts more than others. Trying of residents to minimize these effects represent dynamic groups in the different neighborhoods. To study the interaction and dynamics of group in relation to the policy making can play an important role in decision-making. The present study on one of such the policy initiatives is taken in Islam Abad, Karaj. This plan is famous to Reorganization Plan Hill. Implementation of the plan of house acquisition and demolition of Moradab hills is over 19 years long, forced to relocate four thousand families to other parts of the hill, the other cities in the city of Karaj or other cities in the country. In this process, dates back of the presence of immigrants and the numbers of members of ethnic groups have been effective in their decisions to maintain Kinship and ethnic cohesion in contrast to the impact on de-cohesion of their social relations. As immigrants with little history of residence (below 10 years) collectively moved to another part of town, older immigrants lived intermediate (10 to 20 years) were dispersed into two or three groups in the city, And groups with a long history of residence (for more than 20 years) due to a greater sense of belonging to neighborhood have tried to stay in it and thus housing in other parts of the hill of Moradab.The considerable point is that the distribution mainly is taken placed around the weekly and monthly gathering places of the members of the group that are actually the religious places.

The present study is a critical analysis of Bijan Najdi's "The Unfinished Story (A+B)". It presents the postmodern features of this story in the light of the theories given by critics such as Patricia Waugh, Barry Lewis, Jesse Matz, Ihab Hassan, and David Lodge to shed light on Bijan Najdi's unique, individual, and progressive style.What encourages this analysis is an observation of a collection of certain postmodern devices which puts this story in the category of the western postmodern fiction of the 1960s and 70s. These devices are metafiction, short circuit, excess, paranoia, discontinuity, and uncertainty.Besides introducing a postmodern story in Persian Literature, in order to pave the way for other critical analyses of the contemporary fiction, this postmodern analysis pays homage to Bijan Najdi. This is because despite all the merits of his works, the lack of a comprehensive analysis of them is still felt.

Gravity''s Rainbow is among the “most widely celebrated, unread novels” of American literature and already “a piece of minor folklore.” Pynchon''s genius manifests itself in his uniquely wide range of subject matter and literary techniques of presentation, narration, and interpretation. Gravity''s Rainbow is a novel based on various sets of parallels, oppositions and double structures. These parallel patterns are abundant both in the structure of the novel, and in the content, characterization, and themes. In this paper two of these binaries, paranoia and anti-paranoia, are discussed to show how Pynchon enjoys involving his characters and his readers in a cosmos in which no absolute truth and no singular concept can survive on its own; a universe in which certainty is a luxury that no one can reach.

Sylvia Plath was initially considered to belong to the circle of “confessional poets”. However, her acute awareness of the consciousness of her age and her intense involvement with the significant issues of the twentieth century, i.e., the complicated distribution of power between genders, individuation, female psyche, and liberation of the self, mark her above the limited category of confessional poets.This article argues that Plath's intensely vital poetry displays a strenuous exploration of suffering, an insight into the socio-historical power mechanism, and “a modernsensibility burdened by an excess of guilt and consciousness”(Oberg 68). The paper also explores Plath’s verse as a search for identity through a break from patriarchal attachments and an attempt for the achievementof autonomy and liberation of a distinct selfhood.