کریم آذربایجانی

The purpose of this research is the effect of the shock of economic sanctions on the industrial competitiveness index with an emphasis on industrial exports and its share in the global index with the approach of structural vector regression in the period of 1990-2020. The variables of economic sanctions include the price index of imported goods, the price index of export goods, exchange rate, crude oil production, crude oil export, foreign direct investment and the ratio of trade balance to gross domestic product. The results indicate that the increase in the price index of imported goods leads to a decrease in industrial exports and the global share index. The shock caused by the price index of export goods has had positive and negative fluctuations on industrial exports and a positive effect on the global share index. Also, the exchange relationship has a positive effect on industrial exports and on the global share index with positive and negative fluctuations. On the other hand, the shock caused by crude oil production had a positive effect on industrial exports and its share in the global index, while the shock effect of crude oil exports had a positive effect on industrial production and a negative effect on the global share index. Foreign direct investment has a neutral effect on industrial exports and a negative effect on the global share index.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of the intensity of industrialization in the short and long term on the incomes caused by import tariffs in Iran, with the structural vector autoregression (SVAR) approach in the period of 1991-2020.For this purpose, a system of equations consisting of the share of the added value of industries with advanced and medium technology from the added value of the entire industry, the share of the added value of the country's industry in the gross domestic product, the average tariff rate, the exchange relationship, trade liberalization and the price index of imported goods has been defined.The results indicate that, in the short term, the greatest effect was caused by the price index of imported goods, and in the long term, the average tariff rate had the greatest impact on the incomes caused by the import tariff.The evidence in this research shows that the intensity of industrialization in Iran will increase the government's income due to the import tariff, and by increasing the price index of imported goods and the tariff rate, it will have adverse effects on it.Using the results of this research, the government can reduce the elasticity of import demand by providing expansionary financial policies and reducing the tariff rate, and by increasing imports, it can increase the government's income from import tariffs and increase the intensity of industrialization in Iran. which will increase industrial exports and foreign currency entry into the country.

The present study investigated the effect of imposing international financial sanctions on international risk sharing in developing countries during 2011-2022 using the propensity score matching (PSM) approach. International risk sharing refers to the processes in which countries with different income prospects share the risk of income fluctuations with one another by conducting commercial and financial transactions internationally. Therefore, their income and consumption no longer depend solely on domestic production, but also depend on the production of other countries (countries that own their assets). Since, international capital flows are the main tools for international risk sharing. Imposing international financial sanctions on a country reduces international capital flows and therefore reduces international risk sharing in that country. As the results showed, the impact of financial sanctions on international risk sharing has been negative and significant because the measure of the international risk sharing index in countries that were not subject to sanctions (control group) was 0.5877 and in countries that were subject to sanctions (treatment group) was 0.2431. Therefore, imposing international financial sanctions has reduced risk sharing in developing countries.

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of the economic sanctions shock on the industrial competitiveness index with emphasis on the industrialization intensity and the quality of exports with the structural auto-regression approach in the period of 1990-2020. The results indicate that the shock caused by the import goods price index had effects with negative and positive fluctuations on the industrialization intensity, and on the export quality had a negative effect at the beginning of the period and a positive effect at the end of the period. On the other hand, the shock caused by the export goods price index on the industrialization intensity and the quality of exports has been accompanied by positive and negative fluctuations. The exchange relationship does not affect the industrialization intensity and has a positive effect on the export quality. The production and export of crude oil have had an effect on the industrialization intensity with positive, negative, and finally neutral fluctuations, and a positive effect on the quality of exports. The effect of foreign direct investment is positive on the industrialization intensity and negative on the quality of exports. The ratio of trade balance shock to GDP has had an effect on the industrialization intensity and the quality of exports with positive and negative fluctuations and in the end neutral. According to the above results, it can be argued that the effect of economic sanctions on the industrialization intensity index and the quality of exports depends to some extent on government policies, investments related to research and development, and the codification of an industrialization strategy.

With the increase of international interactions and the use of similar production technologies at the international level, intra-industry trade between countries has become a subject of interest for economic theorists, and paying attention to a non-oil product that has a comparative advantage can have a high contribution to the commercial growth of countries. be One of the practical and effective industries in Iran's commercial growth is the cement industry. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting trade within Iran's industry with selected business partners in the cement industry in the years 1388-1401 with the combined data method. The influencing variables include Linder index, carbon dioxide emissions, added value of the industry sector, geographical distance and real exchange rate.According to the results, the carbon dioxide emission index has a negative effect on the trade within the cemen industry for Iran and its trading partners, and it has the largest coefficient among all the investigated variables. Also, the relationship between trade within the industry with the added value of the industry sector and geographic distance was positive, and the variables of Linder and exchange rate also have a non-significant effect on trade within the industry.

Aim and Introduction :

In recent years, economists have come to recognize that corruption is not just a deviation or a hurt; it is a systemic feature of many economies, which constitutes a significant impediment to economic growth and development. The present article tries to answer this question: does corruption more depended on gender or institutional factors? Today with the spread of corruption, its negative effects have overshadowed many economic, social and political aspects and have led to reduced efficiency. The international community considers corruption as an economic and social complication and many thinkers in economic, social, political and psychological sciences are studying its causes and consequences. Studies have expanded to such an extent that in the study of (Dollar et al., 2001), women are considered as myth of transparency for reasons such as lower risk averse than men and less meet with corrupt activities because they enter the labor market later than men. In this regard, (Karimi et al., 2018), also concluded that with the increase of women participation in the public sector, corruption will decrease. Therefore, less gender inequality in the economy and politics leads to the less corruption.  But according to a Europol report in 2019, " Crime has no gender." Therefore, this study investigates the issue in a different atmosphere from gender behavior and examines the issue in the framework of institutions. The present article investigates the gender behaviors of human in framework of government performance and religions. Corruption as a social complication has many negative economic effects such as reduced investment, economic growth, etc. (Tanzi, 1998). Therefore, it is rejected by all religions because of religion can influence human behavior and actions. Finally, a substantial body of recent research looks at differences in the behavior of men and women in diverse economic transactions. We contribute to this literature by investigating gender differences. So, this article tries to study the gender behaviors of human.  This study shows that Islam and Christianity have no significant effect on relation between corruption and gender inequality index. But all the results showed that government performance does influence this relation. Also, the robustness test strongly confirmed the results of the study.

The data are drawn from a wide range of sources. There are two major measures of corruption: Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), that is the inverse of transparency, Anti-Money Laundering/Counter-Financing of Terrorism (AML). The CPI was obtained from Transparency International (TI), and it ranges from 0 to 10 where low values indicate high transparency and low corruption. Gender Inequality Index (GII) was used as gender index. Our data set contains 89 countries over 10 years (from 2008 to 2017). This study used the dynamic panel data approach, system generalized method of moments (GMM-SYSTEM) and Panel vector autoregressive model (PVAR) to examine the relationship between corruption and gender inequality, where the government performance and religions (Islam and Christianity) can link between corruption and gender inequality. In order to investigate the effect of countries (cross-sections), two groups of Muslim and Christian countries have been used. However, in order to investigate government performance effect on relation between corruption and gender inequality and examine robustness test the results of the study used two groups of instrument variables. The first group is the worldwide governance indicators (WGI) and second group is Fraser institute indicators.

In order to answer the question, does corruption more depend on gender or institutional factors? Despite the behavioral specifications of women, the rate of corruption in women is lower than men (Dollar et al., 2001). We find by System Generalized Method of Moments strong evidence about this prediction. Results show that women’s participation decreases corruption and that corruption decreases women’s participation in government; and both effects are substantively significant. However, the estimation results of the systems studied in the present article confirm that the relationship between corruption index and gender inequality is significantly affected by the way the government works. While religions have no effect on how the index of corruption and gender inequality affect each other. Therefore, it can be said that government performance is a missing loop in relationship between corruption and gender and its effects are statistically significant.

Corruption is a historical, important and effective phenomenon. There is extensive researches about the factors of corruption. The social science literature indicates that women may be more honest or more risk averse and may have higher standards of ethical behavior and may be more concerned with the common good in comparison with men. This would imply that women are more willing to sacrifice private profit for the public good and this would be especially important for political and public life. Does greater participation of women in the public sector cause decreased corruption, or does greater corruption in government cause lower participation of women in government? In this study, our overall impression is that the evidence supports both propositions. So, the major aim in article is to explain the gender behavior of human to do corrupt activity in the formwork of government and religions using the dynamic panel data approach. Thus, this study used statistical data from 89 countries during 2008-2017, two corruption indicators, two groups of instrument variables and two groups of countries. The selection of countries was based on access to statistical data. The estimations show that religion has no significant effect on corruption and gender inequality index, i.e. Islam and Christianity have no significant effect on relation between corruption and gender inequality index. This study also investigated the impact of government performance on relation between two indices. In all systems, Sargan test has been confirmed. In summary, the results of estimated systems indicate that government institution is a missing loop in relationship between corruption and gender and its effects are statistically significant.

There is a lack of study in Iran’s trade literature to investigate the role of unilateral trade preferences in the attraction of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. Indeed, this study aims to fill such research gap of the literature. This study examined the influence of non-reciprocal trade preferences (NRTPs) on foreign direct investment (FDI) flows in Iran, with a focus on the Quad nations' (QUAD ) Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) programs. The analysis used the time series data for the period 1985 to 2021 using the ARDL technique to examine the relationship between preferences of unilateral trade utilization and FDI inflows. the symmetric results show that GSP intensify FDI in both the long and short-run. Furthermore, this study revealed that if Iran seeks to export sophisticated items or products that are less reliant on natural resources, as well as greatly liberalize its trading policy, the adoption of GSP is projected to create bigger FDI flows to the nation. Other significant research findings of the symmetric impact indicate the existence of an inverse relationship between real effective exchange rate, the share of natural resources, and GDP on the level of foreign direct investment.Keywords: International Trade, Preferences, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), ARDL, Iran

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between economic growth, energy consumption and ecological footprint in 27 developing countries and 27 developed countries during the period 1990-2018.

This paper analyzes the relationship between economic growth, energy consumption, and ecological footprint in 27 selected developing countries and 27 selected developed countries over a period of 1990-2018. The present model was developed according to as Akadiri et al. (2019) and Mohammad et al. (2019), which are in the form of the following three equations:  (3)The EFP is an ecological footprint index that compares the rateof resource consumption and production of human waste with the rate of resource reproduction and waste disposal by the biosphere, being defined in terms of the amount of land needed to maintain this cycle. EG is described as the economic growth. NREC is the consumption of non-renewable energy and includes energy from combustible non-renewable energy, such as oil, gas, hydrocarbons, coal, and nuclear energy. REC is the consumption of renewable energy. FD is financial development. URB is the growth rate of urbanization. TO is the degree of trade openness. L is the labor force. K is an investment. HC is human capital. FR is the fertility rate. MR is the mortality rate. PI is political instability. TEC is the technology. KOFE is the globalization of the economy. In order to analyze the relationship between the mentioned variables, the Generalized Method of Moments (Sys-GMM) was used.

The results showed that in both groups of developed and developing countries, economic growth was correlated with energy consumption and ecological footprint index. Nonrenewable energy consumption, urbanization rate, fertility rate and mortality rate in both groups of the country had positive effects and the renewable energy, technological growth rate and human capital had negative effects on ecological footprint. Economic growth had a negative effect on the ecological footprint of developed countries and a positive effect on the ecological footprint of developing countries, which indicates that more developed countries rely on the use of renewable energy. Ecological footprint has a negative effect and economic growth, urbanization rate and financial development had positive effects on energy consumption in both groups of countries. Ecological footprint has had a negative effect on the economic growth of developed countries and a positive effect on the economic growth of developing countries. Renewable and non-renewable energy, financial development, degree of trade openness, physical capital, labor and economic globalization had positive effects and political instability and mortality rates had negative effects on economic growth in both groups.

Based on the results of the research, it is suggested that countries, especially developing countries, try to create and use clean energy. High information, proper education, exchange of information with other countries to benefit from the information and advanced goods that are in line with the environment, taxation of producers who use polluting energy and granting tax exemptions and low-interest and long-term loans to producers who use clean energy will reduce the ecological footprint. Given the impact of non-renewable and renewable energy on growth and economic development, the contradiction of the impact of economic growth on the ecological footprint in developed and developing countries indicates that developed countries have adopted an approach based on which renewable energy is used rather than non-renewable energy in the production process. While the use of non-renewable energy sources in developing countries, although leading to economic growth, has led to environmental degradation. Since increasing economic growth is one of the most important economic goals of countries, it is necessary for policymakers to take measures in terms of economic growth, which imposes the least damage to the environment and achieves the goals of sustainable development. In this regard, it is recommended that the developing countries, as well as the developed countries, use renewable and less polluting energy such as solar, wind, and hydropower instead of non-renewable energy.

The quality of the environment and its protection is one of the important issues in the field of management of countries. Therefore, all countries, along with growth and development policies, try to prevent environmental degradation by enacting laws and regulations in the national sphere and also by creating international agreements. In the meantime, in order to adopt appropriate policies in the field of economic growth and environmental quality, conducting more detailed studies can help policy makers in this regard. The purpose of this study is to investigate the interrelationships of three important variables of economic growth, degree of trade openness and carbon dioxide emissions in the group of developed countries. For this purpose, the annual data of 29 developed countries for the period 2017-2000 from the World Bank website have been used. The econometric approach used in this work is to estimate the relationships of these variables using dynamic panel data using the GMM method. The estimation results show that by increasing the degree of commercial openness and carbon dioxide emissions, economic growth is enhanced. Venice Economic growth also has a positive effect on the volume of foreign trade, but carbon dioxide emissions limit it. On the other hand, economic growth leads to increased carbon dioxide emissions and the growth of foreign trade reduces the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions.

Individual stock sentiment is one of the non-fundamental factors that affect the financial markets which is influenced by various factors. Individual stock sentiment beta is a new concept and is defined as the sensitivity of individual stock returns to the individual stock sentiment changes. Due to the fact that Tehran stock exchange operate at a weak level of effiecency; this research purpuses to investigate the impact of individual sentiment beta on stock excess return and capital asset pricing model (CAPM) alpha in Tehran stock exchange. In this regard research data for top 50 companies of Tehran stock exchange at period from October 2019 to February 2021 which include biggest rise and fall in history of Tehran stock exchange was extracted through Rahavad Novin Software. Then excess return of 50 stock at research period time was calculated by Ami broker software, and finally all of data was analyzed by Eviews software.Finally the results showed that stocks with higher individual sentiment beta have higher excess return and CAPM alpha.

In this study, in order to investigate the different forms of capital flow between developing and developed countries in the steady state, a two-country dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model, under asymmetric information, is developed. For simulating countries, the parameters of previous studies are used. The results showed that there is high correlation between the two groups of countries so that a shock in one country changes the production and consumption in the other one. In addition, international risk sharing and consumption smoothing is the most important factor shaping the international capital flows. Although, due to the high marginal production of capital, capital inflows into the developing country are in the form of stocks and direct investments. Because of the international risk-sharing and consumption smoothing, capital outflows are in the form of bonds and foreign reserves. In addition, when there is asymmetric information between the economic agents of the two countries about the productivity shocks of each country, capital inflows and outflows in the steady-state will be decreased.

This paper aims to analyze the dynamic effect of non-renewable energy consumption (including fossil energy) and renewable energy (including clean energy) on the environment of selected developing countries for the period 2000-2017. The ecological footprint index was used to analyze the environmental effects. The variables of trade openness, economic growth and fertility rate were also considered as other variables affecting the ecological footprint. To analyze the dynamic effects of energy consumption on the ecological footprint, the Generalized Dynamic Method of Moments (GMM) panel method has been applied. The results show that the consumption of non-renewable and renewable energy had a positive and negative effect on the ecological footprint of selected developing countries, respectively. Accordingly, the consumption of non-renewable energy has led to further degradation of the environment, but the consumption of renewable energy has resulted in the improvement of the environment. On the other hand, the degree of trade openness had a negative effect, and economic growth and fertility rate had a positive effect on the ecological footprint.

Exploring the causes and factors creating the business cycles has been of interest to researchers in the field of economics for a long time, and many research based on various methods have been conducted in this field. The current research seeks to analyze the factors affecting the risk of recession recurrence in Iran and some sanctioned countries. Recession is assumed to be a recurrent disease, and the factors affecting its recurrence risk are investigated. For this purpose, frailty models defined under the parametric methods of survival analysis are used. The annual data of the 11 sanctioned countries considered in the period of 1990-2018 are received and their recession periods are determined using the Hadrick-Prescott filter. Then, by using a parametric model with a frailty component, the effect of inflation, ratio of fixed capital formation to government final consumption expenditures, oil prices and sanctions on the risk of recession recurrence is investigated. The results show that the effect of the variables on the risk of recession recurrence is not significant. Therefore, it can be concluded that according to the conditions of these countries, unknown and sometimes non-economic factors affect the risk of recession recurrence.

The theory of signaling indicates the role of the signal in the management of the company's stock market. Information asymmetry that cannot be removed for confidentiality reduces shareholders` wealth. But by sending a signal (dividend ratio, debt ratio, ownership concentration), the relationship between information asymmetry and discount rate is adjusted, leading to increasing the wealth of shareholders. Due to the cost of signaling for companies, error signaling strategy that do not benefit the shareholders, reduces the shareholders` wealth. Using three corporate financial signals, three required return proxy and one information asymmetry proxy, 18 information asymmetry management strategies were designed and tested. With the information of 300 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and the OTC market of Iran from 2008 to 2020, the difference between the relationship of information asymmetry (PIN) and the cost of capital between signaled and not signaled companies was studied. The results indicate that debt ratio and ownership concentration signals have been able to moderate the relationship between the discount rate resulting from the Gordon model and information asymmetry. In addition, the dividend ratio signal has been able to moderate the relationship between the discount rate of CAPM and information asymmetry.

In order to investigate the reasons for the formation of business cycles, several studies have been conducted using various methods. But one of the topics that can be considered in this area is the study of factors affecting the risk of relapse, especially in countries under sanctions, which in the present study is done in a different way and based on survival analysis. Recession is considered as a recurrent disease in the economy and the factors affecting its risk of recurrence are examined. For this purpose, first, the annual data of 11 selected sanctioned countries in the period 1990-2018 are received from the World Bank website, and using the Hodrick–Prescott filter, their recession periods are determined. Then, using the approach of survival analysis based on recurring events, the effect of variables such as inflation, the ratio of fix capital formation to GDP, the ratio of government consumption expenditure to GDP, percentage of oil revenues from GDP, sanctions, and oil prices on the risk of recurrence of the recession is examined. The results show that except for inflation and the price of oil, which increases the risk of relapse, the effect of other variables on the risk of relapse is not significant.

.Controlling corruption for more than two thousand years old has always challenged economies. The present paper, with the goal of explaining the gender behavior of human beings in the form of government institutions, attempted to answer the question of whether reducing the inequality between genders decreases financial corruption or if financial corruption is an obstacle to achieving gender equality. This study also aimed to find whether the realization and spread of corruption are more dependent on gender or institutional (government and religion) factors. This paper used statistical data from 89 countries including Iran from 2008 to 2017. The dynamic panel data approach system generalized method of moments (GMM-SYSTEM) was utilized for answering the above questions. In this regard, the Gender Inequality Index (GII), the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), and the Money Laundering Index (AML) were used as alternatives to the Corruption Perceptions Index. Also, to evaluate the sensitivity of government institution performances, two groups of good governance tools and freezer foundation indicators were used. The results of estimation systems showed that corruption decreased following the increase of women's participation in the public sector and corruption reduced women's participation in the public sector. Also, the result of systematic estimates seeking the key to solving the corruption riddle indicated that regardless of any gender behavior, the institution of government as a missing link between gender and corruption has a significant impact on the effectiveness of these two indicators. Moreover, despite government institutions, religion doesn’t affect the relationship between two indicators of corruption and gender inequality.

The unstable state of macroeconomic indicators such as gross domestic product (GDP), investment, and inflation rate, as well as the disproportionate level of high volume of cash held by private individuals versus the low volume of liquidity in manufacturing firms, have always been a significant problem in Iran's economy. In this respect, the relationship among the stock market, bank deposits, and speculation in the foreign exchange market, and also, the central bank's role in directing liquidity between them to affect the macroeconomic indicators are important. The current study evaluates this subject for 1988–2018 using a system of simultaneous equations and the three-stage least squares (3SLS) method. The findings indicate that there has been a significant negative relationship among the stock market, bank deposits, and foreign exchange speculation. The stock market and bank deposits have had a significant positive effect on investment and GDP, and in contrast, foreign exchange speculation has shown a significant negative impact. Conversely, bank deposits have negatively impacted the consumer price index (CPI), whereas foreign exchange speculation has shown a substantial direct effect. Finally, despite the existence of a significant negative relationship between three financial markets in the Iranian economy confirmed by the obtained results, the central bank has forfeited a considerable portion of its potential effectiveness in directing liquidity between parallel financial markets to affect nominal and real economic indicators due to interest rate repression.

Does increasing the presence of women in government lead to less corruption, or does corruption prevent the presence of women? Are these effects significant enough in one or both directions? This paper has used the dynamic panel data approach (GMM-SYSTEM) and statistical data of 89 countries including Iran during the period of 2008-2017. So, This paper by Estimating Relationship Between Corruption and Gender Indicators answered the above questions.The results of estimating systems indicate that government institution is a missing loop in relationship between corruption and gender and its effects are statistically significant

In this study, we simulated the effect of trade on Iran's economic growth by using a combination of econometric methods and system dynamics. Through the design of a conceptual framework, an attempt has been made to expand the Ozawa (1965) -Lucas (1988) growth pattern by expanding the Oniki-Ozawa (2015) model. Entering the role of trade through trade volume and foreign investment inthe model, we simulated and predicted  the effect of these two factors on the trend of production of goods and knowledge production, human capital index, and innovation indexfor the period of 1359 to 1409 (Solar Year). We used business data from Malaysia and Turkey to analyze a shock and compare the result  with Iran's data. The results show that the effect of technology resulting from trade (in the sense of foreign investment) only affecte the  technology function, and the growth of technology has  a positive effect on the knowledge production function. In addition, trade has not a positive effect on the commodity production function.. Besides, following Malaysia’s trend of foreign investment to simulate Iran’s situation  is beteer working than the model of Turkey and current Iran’s model. Finally, the result of forecast for economic growth for the period of 1399 to 1409 indicates a situation of economic recession. With countinuing this situation and sanction, a worst situation is expected. 

Given the fluctuations in world oil prices and the endless supply of this underground resource, the pharmaceutical industry is one of the attractive sectors of investment in intra-industry trade. Intra-industry trade refers to the simultaneous export and import of a group of similar goods, resulting in product differentiation in imperfectly competitive markets and the existence of economies of scale.The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting intra-industry trade with selected drug trading partners for 2018-2000 using hybrid data method. According to estimates, research and development expenditures as an indicator of innovation have the greatest impact and have a positive and significant impact on trade within the Iranian pharmaceutical industry and selected trading partners, as well as trade imbalances and differences in GDP per capita. According to the Linder index, they also have a negative and significant effect, and by reducing these variables, intra-industry trade in the field of medicine will increase. On the other hand, the effect of geographical distance variable and FDI based on the effect of alternative, on the trade index within the industry has been negative and non-significant. The effectiveness of membership in the anti-fraudulent trade agreement, as a control variable, has reduced the level of trade within Iranchr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s industry with selected trading partners in the field of pharmaceutical industry.

The role of intra-industry trade has been emphasized in international commerce since the 1960s. Innovation and government size, which affect goods and services production and government presence in international commerce, have also been highlighted since then. This study examines the influence of these two factors on international trade and estimates their effects in linear and logistic transformation models from the years 2000 to 2016 using HS four-digit codes. This research focuses on 20 main import and export industries of Iran and selected commercial partners. The authors estimate the model using the bidirectional panel data method and analyze the data using Stata 15 software. Results indicate that in both models there is a U-shaped relationship (non-linear) between innovation and intra-industry trade. However, government size increases intra-industry trade in these models. Linder variables decrease intra-industry trade but GDP per capita increases intra-industry trade. Other control variables (geographical distance and membership in economic organizations) show the expected impact on intra-industry trade.

One of the most important factors in achieving sustainable economic growth and development is to increase exports, which is also the main goal of foreign trade policy. In this area, emerging countries have been able to achieve significant success in recent years. Therefore, studying the experiences of these countries can be effective in increasing Iranian exports. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of fundamental factors and institutional variables on exports of a selection of emerging economies during the period 2000-2015 using the panel data econometric method. Our results show that the effects of fundamental factors, namely total factor productivity, human capital and R&D expenditures, on export performance of select emerging countries are positive and significant and the effect of labor cost variable is negative and significant. Also, our results show that, in general, the effect of good governance variables, as an indicator of institutional factors, on exports of emerging countries is positive and significant. These results indicate that reducing production- and risk-costs and strengthening institutional foundations in emerging countries has led to a boost in investment and production arrangements in these countries and ultimately to an increase in exports. Also, our results show that the effect of consumption expenditures on export performance of select emerging countries is negative and significant and the effect of government tax revenues on export performance is a reversed U shape. These results show that based on The experiences of emerging countries, different countries have to pay attention to fundamental factors and institutional variables, in addition to conventional methods such as increasing exchange rates, export awards, etc., and implement reforms that are curb inefficiencies in goods and labor markets.