فهرست مطالب کمال درانی

This research focuses on the need to develop meaningful training programs as a part of the reform of the secondary education system. Given that preparing the future managers is a responsibility we all share today, this study aims at designing a model for training future managers. This study adopted a qualitative exploratory approach. Accordingly, subsequent to reviewing the related literature, the semi-structured interviews with 15 selected senior managers in the Ministry of Education as well as experts and elites of the field were done. Participants were selected based on the snowball method. The interviews continued until the saturation level was achieved. Then, interviews were analyzed using the thematic analysis method. After analyzing the data and extracting the codes, they were classified into three major categories: 47 basic concepts, 18 organizers, and 5 inclusive themes, as the components of the model. The five inclusive themes were named as self-management, social factors, management of others, planning and the education system policy, and educational skills. Then, the model was designed based on the relationships among the themes. Finally, the research findings suggested that teaching management skills to adolescents, based on the recommended model of secondary school education system transformation, would lead to changes in the educational policy and development of such management skills as communication skills, critical thinking, leadership, and teamwork. At the end, recommendations are made based on the sub-themes obtained in each area and the key points raised by the experts of the field.

The purpose of the study was to provide a model for explaining the game-based learning process in the courses of "organizational training" based on the problem-solving approach. Data collection was performed through document analysis techniques and observation and analyzed based on the reflection method. The opinions of educational and game experts and the researcher's self-review were used to validate the model. Also, the extracted components of the learning model based on the game with the problem-solving approach were given to ten experts who were selected by the criterion-based sampling method And their comments were applied to the presentation of the model. In the following, based on the presented model the situation of the two courses of organizational training that were held based on the game was criticized and members' review was used to validate it. The main components of this model are analysis, goal setting, motivational system development, development of learning opportunities, monitoring and evaluation, which are covered by effective learning environment, interaction, reflection and meaning adaptation. These components are implemented under an umbrella called the orbital problem.

Since the process of teaching-learning and how to act between a teacher and a student is one of the most fundamental issues in educational systems. Students' perceptions in this regard clarify the various issues of finding and concealing academic culture. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the factors influencing the selection of a supervisor from the point of view of postgraduate students. 39 qualitative interviews with graduate student, were discussed. 19 of the notification, the students of law and political science and 20 of the notification, the students of the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and sampling were done purposefully. The data were analyzed according to choice theory Glacier and subjective coding. The results showed factors influencing the selection of a supervisor from the point of view of postgraduate students at the two schools, according to multiple sub-categories, fall into seven main categories: 1.the imagery of those conditions towards the end of training. 2. Cognitive perceptual channel business through them. 3. The idea that the capabilities and characteristics of their supervisor. 4. Imagine that compared to their field of study. 5. The idea of the economic, cultural, political country. 6. Perception that affect social behavior. 7. Idea about themselves and their future. Researchers analysis of these categories, there are systems thinking, is among the students in selecting a supervisor. For the perception of students in the academic advisors conceptual structure was designed, the different steps are: 1. Determine the required self-assessment 2. Route 3. Evaluation 4. Select.

Managers are of a great importance to the population because of their position and the influence they usually have on subordinates and in general on organizational performance. Fundamental personality structures, behaviours, communication skills have a significant effect on individuals. One of these fundamental structures is cognitive schemas. Moreover, Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between managers’ cognitive schemas and leadership style with their communication style.

the current study is a descriptive-survey study. The statistical population includes all the senior managers in non-governmental organizations. 185 senior managers were selected through convenience sampling method and completed Fideller Leadership Style Questionnaire, Barton Communication Skills and Yang Schema questionnaires. Data were analyzed utilizing stepwise multiple regression methods.

Results showed that schemas such as defectiveness/shame, obedience, mistrust and emotional deprivation can predict managers’ leadership style. Additionally, some of the schemas including entitlement, sacrifice, defectiveness/shame and unrelenting standards anticipate their communication skills.

In order to assessing managers cognitive and fundamental personality structure can help to predict his/her leadership style and communication skills

The aim of this present study is identifying the potential factors involved in dictation disruption in primary school students. For this purpose, a descriptive phenomenological method was used. 23 semi-structured interviews were completed by 14 primary teachers and 9 experts. The data analysis was conducted through Colaizzi's seven-step method, to identify and classify first 101 codes, 19 sub themes and 7 main themes. Member checking, triangulation and Prolonged Engagement were employed to validate the findings of External audit. The main extracted themes included: psychological, environmental, linguistic, program, understanding, personal, and physiological factors. The results revealed that elementary school students face numerous and variety of dictation disorders and this necessitates the immediate and serious attention and action of primary education administrators in order to improve the quality of dictation teaching, the process of assessing academic achievement and preventing the aggravation of its consequences. Based on the obtained results, the recommendations are presented for improving the status and providing context for reducing the disruptions.

The purpose of this survey was to identify the types of teacher’s bullying behavior and its prevalence in school in Tehran, this was done by classifying sampling in schools. After confirmation by the experts, the researcher-made questionnaire was tested experimentally and Cronbach's alpha was calculated. EFA of data from 1046 students showed that there were three components of physical, psychological and verbal bullying, and CfA revealed its appropriateness. Another of physical, psychological and verbal bullying were observed in boys 'schools while psychological, physical and verbal bullying were observed in girls' schools. Students who were never experienced physical, psychological and verbal bullying were 81.64, 73.33, and 76.86 percent, respectively. Physical and verbal bullying are more prevalent in boys and a similar pattern of psychological bullying was seen in both gender. The lowest and highest level of all types of bulling was observed in District 1,19,13, 10, respectively. While psychological bullying had a similar pattern in various grades, the maximum amount of the physical bullying was seen in the eighth and the minimum was seen in the fifth grade. The maximum and minimum amount of the verbal bullying was respectively.

This paper investigates the theory of situated cognition and its possible application in the teacher education. Based on new perspectives in the field of cognitive science, cognition and its related components are not limited to the mind and mental processes. From the perspective of this theory, knowledge is distributed and embodiment that is actively produced by participating in the different situations, the authentic activities and living in its special culture. The current paper based on the perspective of situated cognition theory (SCT) and using the method of normative inquiry explains the educational principles of SCT include learning in context, community of practice, learning as active participation, knowledge in action, mediation of artifacts, tools and artifacts as cultural repositories, rules, norms and beliefs, history, levels of scale, Interactionism, and identity and constructions of the self. Then, the application of each of these principles in teacher education was explained. Finally, the paper proposes two key strategies which are implementing cognitive apprenticeship and formatting the community of practice to apply the SCT in the educational systems in Iran, and in current paper; teacher education.

Knowledge transfer is at the heart of knowledge management processes, which has been the focus of research today. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and validate factors affecting knowledge transfer and sharing among professors in Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

This is a descriptive survey of the quantitative part of a mixed study. The tool of this research is a questionnaire designed using qualitative section findings and was implemented in a stratified sample of 162 members of 1577 faculty members of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data were analyzed by path analysis using Lisrel.

The questionnaire with a reliability of 0.97 and confirmatory factor analysis of GFI = 0. 90 and RMSEA = 0. 07 indicated the optimal fit of knowledge transfer model. Among the nine components of this model, the status of four components including knowledge and professors in Tehran University of Medical Sciences was desirable; although, the other five components, including the university and its relationship with professors and the environment for transferring knowledge to the university, were not been favorable.

The results of this study showed that in the process of knowledge transfer, the important points raised by university managers in the factor of university as an organization and its type of interaction with professors, knowledge and environment. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the promotion rules of the faculty in such a way as to encourage knowledge sharing among the professors. The design of a grants system in relation to industry and society should be developed to direct educational and research work in the universities to prevent the difusion of scientific work. It seems also important that colleges' academic trajectories complement each other to achieve the university's academic goals.

In the field of bullying in educational settings, many of the studies have been focused on peers; however, bullying behaviors can be seen in adults, and even teachers. This study aimed to develop and validate teacher bullying scale which measures the various forms of bullying behaviors displayed by teachers. The initial stages of the scale design were determined by defining the target structure, creating items and receiving and reviewing the views of the experts (faculty members of the Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences of the University of Tehran). The psychometric characteristics of teacher bullying scale were examined by implementing a questionnaire in 20 primary and secondary schools in Tehran. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) showed that the teacher bullying scale comprised 28 items in 3 components of physical bullying (11 cases), bullying (10 cases) and verbal bullying (7 cases). In the confirmatory factor analysis, the3 components that were obtained were validated. The teacher's bullying scale also had a good internal consistency for the overall score scale and its sub-dimensions.

Children and teenagers learn norms, motivation, attitudes and behaviors and maintain interpersonal relationships to adapt to social needs through the acquisition of social skills. Schools have an important role in the development of these skills in students. Due to the importance of the issue and the role of Document of Fundamental Transformations in Education on this institution’s policies, this study is quantitative analysis of the contents of Document of Fundamental Transformations in terms of attention to the categories of social skills from the goal setting teleologic perspective. After sorting and counting covert and overt statements, and calculate descriptive statistics, to estimate the degree of importance of Indicators, Shannon entropy method was used. For calculating the reliability and validity of research re-encoding was used by other researchers in Chapter 4 of the document and agreement coefficient obtained 92.75 percent. Results showed that the highest amount of attention and the importance was about Relationship skills (41 percent) and then was responsibility (27 percent) and coping skills (20 percent). Empathy (0.5 percent) and Assertiveness (0/68 percent) had been little attention.

Discovering the ideological gaps, moral, emotional and spiritual by parents and upbringing practitioners can make a favorable context for shaping, forming identity religious in adolescents and reduce the increasing damages in this sphere and strengthen the religion belief in future. The aim of present study is deep explore in meaning and the concept of religious belief in eighth grade students has been done. Representation and understanding this people’s lived experience and affecting factors in forming and offering the guideline strategies for reducing the present damages is considered. For this purpose and according to the fanciful capacity of qualitative approaches especially phenomenology of semi-structured interviews with students at the sixteenth interview with eighth grade students was used. The method was purposeful sampling and saturation is appeared and data results were analyzed with the seven stage Collizzi. The findings show that these students have got sensational view to religious belief and they couldn’t understand the religious priority. results also indicate that their religious belief are appeared in four groups , including “ belief” , “ religious feelings”, “ religious activities” , “ thinking and religious knowledge “.what was extracted from interviews indicated that students described three main issues including “ learning environment and teachers” ,” the role of families and parents” , “ media and advertising methods in society” and they believed that these three main issues are the factors of debilitation or amplification of religious belief in their opinion.

The aim of this study was to survey the quality of the educational activities of the Faculty of Literature and Humanities of Bu Ali Sina University in Hamadan, based on the importance- performance analysis model. Population of research was a graduate and master students of the Faculty that 350 of which were selected through available sampling method and were examined. The instrument to collect the data was a researcher-made questionnaire which measured seven dimensions of quality of educational activities, including objectives, content, teaching method, teachers’ characteristics, structure, resources and the evaluation methods of academic achievement at two levels of perceptions and expectations. The validity of the questionnaire was examined and approved according to some experts’ view and its reliability was obtained through Cronbach's alpha coefficient (96 percent). The results showed that there was a significant and negative gap between students, The gap between the components, objectives, content, teaching methods, teachers, structure, resources and evaluation methods, was respectively 060/1-, 346/1-,886/0-, 121/1-,249/1-,472/1-,886/0-, perceptions and expectations for learning activities in general and in separate dimensions.

Abstract: Identifying the effective factors in the success of top people, and trying to take advantage of them, is one of the most important strategies for success. The lack of an in-depth study in representing the success factors of top students at the university entrance exam motivated the researchers to conduct the present study. The data were collected through a qualitative approach and a deep semi-structured interview with the elective students of university entrance exam, which were selected by the extreme case sampling. After 12 interviews, theoretical saturation was analyzed and data analysis was performed based on a seven-stage Collizzi. The deep analysis of the participant's experience of life has resulted in the classification of seven main themes (main success factors). The results were presented to the participating professors and confirmed after successive studies. The findings indicated that the identified seven factors played a major role in achieving top rank in the university entrance exam. These factors include self-motivation, ambition, purposefulness, speed, learning strategies, learning environment and family features.

The purpose of this research to compare vocational curriculum in three successful countries in education of vocational skills and entrepreneurship in comparison with Iran. In this study, the practical descriptive research was performed within comparative-study method of George Brody. The purposes, contents, and methods of teaching and assessment were investigated by though the approach of developing the learners’ motivations for entrepreneurship. The results of this study showed that curriculum purposes and contents in Iran and the three chosen countries are similar and they move toward cultivating motivations and skills for entrepreneurship. In Canada and Germany, education of international work force is one of the purposes of the curriculum. The surveyed content of the curriculum of Iran and the three chosen countries are similar and they focus on technology and information, science of communication, acquiring international languages with environment as the complementary contents in three countries’ curriculum. Courses such as management of business and knowledge of entrepreneurship between are common the three countries and Iran, but a big gap was detected between acquisition-education activities and evaluation in the three chosen countries and Iran. In Iran, the traditional methods are used, while in the three chosen countries the main method is based on teamwork. Regarding assessment, various methods is employed the three chosen countries use (such as assessment teams, self-evaluation and evaluation of learners’ research-based projects), whereas, in Iran the written and verbal tests are widely implemented

The purpose of this article is examine the dominant approach in the curriculum of vocational education based on the classification Schiro. The methodology of the study is applied by purpose and differemce by data collection. The population of this research is all trainers of public Education centers in Tehran that 92 trainers (41 female and 51 male) selected by Using simple random sampling method. Research tool is reasercher-made questionnaire that proposed based on the classification of curriculum approaches Schiro (1992). The face validity and Cronbach's alpha (0.78) indicates the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. To analyze the data used one- sample T test, independent samples T test and ANOVA. The results show that trainers tend to academic approach and Social Performance approach in dimensions such as goals, teaching methods and evaluation methods. Also The male instructors believed that social performance approachis more effective than other approaches in standards and curriculum of training.

The aim of this research was to study the relationship between school connectedness with academic achievement and academic motivation among high school students of Isfahan. Research sample was including 423 high school students and selected based on multi-stage cluster sampling method. School connectedness was measured by Bety and Bery's school Connectedness Questionnaire (2005). Validity of this questionnaire was established by professionals. Cronbach's Alpha 92% showed us that this questionnaire is reliable. Hermnes's questionnaire (29 Items form) was used for academic achievement motivation assessment. Validity of this questionnaire was established by professionals too and its reliability was 82% based on Cronbach Alpha. Student's academic achievement was measured by their average s of high school scores. data analyzed by Pearson Correlation Coefficient and multiple Regression. Based on obtained results, we found that correlation between school connectedness and academic motivation of high school students are positive and high. Also regression analyzed results showed that relatedness of self with school, Educational engagement and of fairness and respect at school are powerful factors to predict academic motivation. In Isfahan,s high schools, Educational engagement, Relatedness of self with school and teacher support are main factors to predict the academic achievement.

The present study is going to evaluate the relation between knowledge management processes and job performance of employees in university of Tehran. The research’s sample includes 105 employees of Tehran university (21 men and 84 women) using the random sampling and applying the Cochran formula. Besides, research’s data was gathered through performance appraisal checklist and knowledge management questionnaire. The analysis of information was done by using statistical methods (T -test, Anova , U Whitney, mean and Pearson correlation coefficient). The findings of the study showed that the situation of knowledge management among employees is lower than the supposed mean and that the job performance is above average. Evaluation of knowledge management and job performance among demographic variables: gender, age, educational level and history of serving demonstrated that only the age with knowledge management and also age, sex with job performance showed a significant difference. The results of the correlation coefficient between the components of the Knowledge Management and those of job performance indicated that the only significant correlation was found between the component of knowledge acquisition and the components of job performance (task and context performance) and among other variables no significant correlation was discovered

Achieving a scientific literacy is the purpose of teaching the science curriculum in educational systems in the world. One of the most important and the most essential components that increases scientific literacy in students, is teaching about the nature of science. Purpose of this study is to investigate the attitude of undergraduate students at University of Tehran toward the nature of science as a component of scientific literacy. The research is descriptive and was conducted in survey study method. The population of this research includes all undergraduate students in faculties of psychology and educational sciences, and basic sciences. From this population, a sample size of 779 persons in stratified sampling method and considering the proportions (gender and faculty) was selected. In order to collect the attitudes of students about the nature of science, a questionnaire was designed based on the theoretical foundations of the project 2061 and its reliability and validity were examined and approved. One-sample t-test results indicate that the average of understanding the nature of science and its dimensions in students have significant differences with the average scores. Also the MANOVA test shows that there are significant differences between factor levels of faculties (faculty of psychology and educational sciences and faculty of basic sciences) about “nature of science” variable. Results showed that students have poor understanding about the nature of science and its dimensions. Based on the analysis of the results of conducted researches, the reasons can be traced in these factors: paying no attention to the components of nature of science in the development and design of science curriculum, low teachers’ knowledge and understanding about nature of science, lack of the development of science and technology in society and lack of the economical, political and cultural support structures for science and its values. The results also showed that students of basic science have more understanding about nature of science than students of psychology and educational sciences. The reason for that can be found in the nature of academic disciplines in two faculties and the amount of addressing the subject matters about science and nature of science in their curriculum.

The purpose of this study is to design of education organizational culture model. This study is descriptive and practical which has been done by a quantitative method. This study was done with a research question to determine the components of organizational culture of the education department with inductive approach and method of Multi Grounded theory، using a problem-based interview and applying the Schein’s model on culture evaluation. The considering the research question، the findings of the study resulted in predicting components and designing organizational culture pattern. this pattern with 12 cultural index in three dimensions ‘ external adaptation’; ‘ internal integratoin’ and ‘human relationship’ concentrating religious teachings ‘Hayat-e-Tayyebeh’ and was confirmed as the ultimate pattern for education organizational culture.

The significant role of breeding and the effective responsibility of teachers in the future of society, highlights the need to procure and train them as the basis for education.Therefore, the quality of work life of educators which leads to several outcomes for themselves such as jobs at is faction, growth opportunities, psychological advantages and numerous achievements for the organization like participatory management, job enrichment and the confidence conditions, becomes crucial.The main objective of this paper is analyzing the goals’ content of educators’ university Statute in the scope of the quality of work life. Since, the content analyzing approach is a regular, numeric and intuitive method; we extracted the existed notions in goals and investigated their compliance with each of the five components of quality of work life, through statistical indicators like frequency and percentage frequency of notions of goals mentions to the work life components. In the university goals, comprehensive attention was paid to the components “skills and human capabilities development”, acceptable referring was made to the components “independence in performing duties” and “development of working capabilities and variety of activities”, however, the components “fair salary” and “” had low compliance with university goals, which needs extensive attention by

The aim of this research was to determine the rate of using cell phone for educational and general purposes by postgraduate and PhD students of the University of Tehran. To obtain this goal، using a descriptive survey method، students'' opinions were investigated. The statistical population consisted of 12933 postgraduate and PhD students of Tehran University، among whom a sample of 516 students were selected based on the stratified random sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire، the validity of which had been calculated by e-learning experts and supervisors. Its reliability was calculated 0. 84 using Cronbach alpha coefficient. For data analysis، Kolmogorov-Smirnov، ANOVA، and Kruskal-Wallis tests in SPSS software were used. The findings showed that the rate of using mobile capabilities and features for general and educational purposes by the students was less than the average rate، and only in some capabilities، such as audio، SMS and call for general purposes was more than average. Other findings showed that general use of mobile phones was different between students based on educational degree and fields of study. Also، there was not a significant difference among educational subgroups in the usage of mobile phone capabilities and features for educational purposes. Therefore، faculty members are recommended to change their traditional approaches in teaching-learning activities to encourage more the student community to use mobile technologies for educational purposes.

The process of students’ major selection can be influenced due to time and place situations. In this article some influential factors in major selections were investigated. The purpose of his study was to evaluate effective factors in students’ major selection at educational sciences and engineering colleges in University of Tehran. A descriptive survey design method was chosen for this study. Statistical population included all students at educational sciences and engineering colleges in University of Tehran. Using stratified sampling method، 414 individuals were randomly selected. A 44 items researcher made survey instrument was developed to measure students views on major selection factors. Questionnaire’s content validity was evaluated by experts and its reliability was examined through exploratory factor analysis. The reliability of questionnaire via Chronbach''s Alpha found to be. 89 Data were analyzed through Mann–Whitney، Friedman and single-sample t tests. Single-sample t-test results indicated that economic (3. 99) and individual (3. 07) factors had above average impact among engineering students، but social factors (2. 18)، entrance examination (2. 37) and the institutional /education (2. 74) had below average effects. Findings indicated that economic factors had less impact on education sciences’ students (2. 63)، but national entrance examination had above average effects on students’ major selection (3. 82). Social factors (3. 02)، institutional/educational (3. 09) and personal (2. 91) had a moderate effect. The results of factor analysis indentified five factors for engineering students: economical، personal، institutional/educational، entrance exam and social-cultural respectively. Factors identified for educational sciences’ students were: entrance exam، institutional، social-cultural، personal and economical in that order. Furthermore، a significant difference was observed between the two groups in five main factors.

This study examined and comparison extension agents’ and farmers’ view towards in the agricultural extension education problems in Dezful. It way a descriptive study applying، survey method. The statistical population consisted of 5060 farmers and 50 extension agents. All extension agents were studied due to their small population and a sample of 466 farmers was selected based on the stratified ratio sampling method. The instrument was a researcher made questionnaire. For the purpose of data analysis، the statistical procedures including t test،، and factor analysis. The findings of factor analysis on the views of extension agents indicated that these courses dealt with problems such as usage of uniform methods of instruction for teaching content of the courses by extension agents، lack of insufficient information about the time of courses to farmers، and lack of incentives for creation motivation in farmers. Also، the findings of factor analysis on the views of farmers indicated that these courses encounter problems such as inadequate instruction and assistant equipments usage by extension agents،incompetent employment of knowledgeable and experienced extension agents corresponding to updated agricultural issues، lack of conformity in courses with time conditions of farmers، and ignoring the opinions of farmers in the arranging courses.