کیانا پیریان

Macroalgae are rich in diverse valuable compounds so they are known as the 21 century medicinal plants. In this study polar to nonpolar extracts of four macroalgae species, Sargassum boveanum, Fucus trinodis, Galaxaura rugos and Laurencia denderoidea were collected from the Persian Gulf coastlines, evaluated for their phenol and flavonoid contents and antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

Phenol and flavonoid contents of species were estimated by Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activities of extractions were analyzed by total antioxidant activity (TAC) and reducing power of Fe3+ respectively and also antibacterial activity of samples were analyzed by disc diffusion method against two gram positive and two gram negative bacteria.

F. trinodis showed the highest phenolic (1.38 gGA/100gDW.) and flavonoid (0.798 gQE/100gDW.) contents and G. rugosa showed the lowest phenolic (0.240 gGA/100gDW.) and flavonoid (0.094 gQE/100gDW.) contents. Chloroform extract of F. trinodis (2.98 ugASA/mg) and S. boveanum (2.48 nm) showed the maximum level of TAC and reducing power antioxidant activities, respectively. The samples with high content of phenolic and flavonoid contents showed the highest antioxidant activity too. All the three extracts of S. boveanum and F. trinodis showed the considerable antibacterial activity against all the four examined strains of bacteria especially negative gram bacteria.

The studied macroalgal species showed considerable phenolic content and bioactivities suggest that they can be suitable for medical and medicinal applications.

Type2 Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia that results from deficiency of insulin secretion, becoming the third leading cause of death in the world. Reactive oxygen species result in extensive oxidative damage that in turn leads to serious damages in the cells including apoptosis and diabetic. Considering to side effect of synthetic medicines, there has been increased interest in using of natural medicines. In the present investigation, in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of methanolic, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of two macroalgae species Sargassum angostifolium and Palisada perforata from the Persian Gulf were analyzed. Algae samples collected from Persian Gulf coasts were extracted by Percolation method. -amylase inhibition activity of samples was analyzed using the DNSA method and also their antioxidant activity was analyzed using the ABTS radical scavenging and FRAP reducing activity methods. The ethyl acetate extracts of S. angostifolium and P. perforata showed the highest and lowest enzyme inhibition activity, respectively (P<0.05). Also the highest ABTS+ scavenging and FRAP reducing were observed in the ethyl acetate extracts of S. angostifolium and P. perforata, respectively (P<0.05). Generally, polar and semi polar extracts of two macroalgae species significantly showed the higher antioxidant activity comparing to their nonpolar extracts. Also S. angostifolium exhibited the highest activity in both free radical scavenging and -amylase inhibition assays. However, enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activity of two edible studied algae revealed that these macroalgae species can be used directly in human diet and also indirectly in medical and pharmaceutical application.

Marine macroalgae are diverse organisms with adaptation for live in stressful environments. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological activities of organic extract; n-Hexane (nH), ethylacetate (E) and methanol (M) of three green alga from family Ulvaceae, Ulva clathrata, Ulva linza and Ulva intestinalis, collected from the coast of Bandar Abbas. In this experimental study, for identification the superior species, the tested activities included antioxidant assay at gradient concentrations by ferric reducing power assay, total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, and brine shrimp cytotoxicity activity of these extracts on model organism, Artemia salina. Data analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple tests at 5% probability level using SPSS 21 software and drawing charts using Excel 2013 software. The more effective algal extracts by maximum antioxidant capacity, were recorded for M extracts of U.intestinalis, E and M extracts of U.linza and U.clathrata. The algal extract exhibited a higher antioxidant activity in comparing to ascorbic acid (as a standard) with significant differences between the extract in different concentrations (p≤0.05). The result showed the highest content of total phenol were recorded for the M extracts of U.linza and U.clathrata which confirmed the findings of other researchers that the increase in free radical scavenging activity of natural extracts is associated with the content of phenolic compounds. The highest brine shrimp cytotoxicity activity was recorded for the nH extracts of U. linza (LC50= 300.78 mg/ml). According to the results, in general, U.linza can be introduced as a priority species for biological properties and in further studies. Three green alga from family Ulvaceae, Ulva clathrata, Ulva linza and Ulva intestinalis, have antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. U.linza due to the high amount of phenol and high antioxidant power can be introduced as a priority species for biological properties.

Nutritional, pharmaceutical, and healthcare properties of macroalgae are the most investigated subjects in macroalgae. In this study, nutritional and physicochemical properties of two important green macroalgae, Ulva intestinalis and Ulva linza, collected from the Persian Gulf, were investigated. In all analyses, we followed the reference methods with some modification. Results revealed that U. intestinalis contained higher protein content (15.79%) as compared with U. linza (9.90%) while U. linza had higher content of lipid (2.30%), ash (26.66%), phenol (2.16 mgGA/g) and flavonoid (11.7 mgQE/g) as compared with U. intestinalis with 1.98% lipid 22.50% ash, 1.02 mgGA/g phenol and 8.2 mgQE/g flavonoid. The two species did not show any significant differences about all analyzed compositions (P

In this study, mitochondrial DNA analysis using 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was performed to investigate the phylogeny relationship of Trichiurus lepturus in the Persian Gulf compared to the other investigated area. The amplification of 16S rDNA resulted in a product of 600 bp in all samples. The results showed that the isolated strain belongs to T. lepturus showing 42 divergence sites among the same reported partial sequences of 16S rRNA gene from the other area (West Atlantic and Indo-Pacific area). Phylogeny results showed that all 18 haplotypes of the species clustered into five clades with reasonably high bootstrap support of values (>64%). Overall, the tree topology for both phylogenetic and phenetic trees for 16S rDNA was similar. Both trees exposed two major clusters, one wholly containing the haplotypes of the T. lepturus species belonging to Indo-Pacific area with two major sister groups including Persian Gulf specimen and the other cleared the Western Atlantic and Japan individuals clustered in another distinct clade supporting the differentiation between the two areas. Phylogenic relationship observed between the Persian Gulf and the other Indo-Pacific Individuals suggested homogeneity between two mentioned areas.

Aim and Chromosomal information of different species, in addition to improving classification and biological recognitions; it can be effective in breeding and genetic studies.
Material and Bred stocks were preyed from the east and west of Jask Harbour. Different growth stages were stained by Cholchicine and hypotonic KCL in different concentration and duration. Metaphase chromosome spreads were studied based on Campos-Ramos and Crash tissue methods and stained by Giemsa and distilled water.
The testis tissue showed the best obtained spread. The number of diploid chromosomes (2n=86) was confirmed by the modal haploid chromosome number (n=43) in which 27 and 16 chromosome pairs were counted in meta/submetacentric and acro/telocentric, respectively.
despite observed chromosome variations in karyotyping further Penaeidae family, the achieved diploid chromosome number of this study (2n= 86) exits within the range of diploid chromosome numbers previously reported for other species of shrimp (86 to 92).
treatments of testis tissue, staining by Giemsa 10% and crashing tissue method recognized as the best methods for karyotyping and chromosome spread analysis of Penaeidae family.

Portulaca oleracea L. as a medicinal plant، having valuable secondary metabolites، such as noradrenaline، dopamine and omega-3، is used as anti-cancer، antioxidant، and blood purifier factor. Callus inducted from hairy roots of some medicinal plants are used to increase the production of secondary metabolites، cell suspension culture، protoplast culture، induction of embryonic callus and gene transfer agents. In this experiment، various concentrations of two hormones of BA and 2،4-D were examined on transgenic hairy roots of P. oleracea to produce callus. Hairy roots transgenic of P. oleracea were induced by Agrobacterium rhizogene، 15834 strain. Hairy roots produced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes15834 strain، were transferred to 1/2MS medium containing different concentrations of BA and 2،4-D hormones. BA and 2،4-D hormones were used، both at three levels of 0، 0. 5 and 1 mg per liter and in three replications. Our results indicated that BA and 2،4-D hormones alone as well as without hormone treatment (control) did not show any callus formation. The treatments containing different ratios of BA and 2،4-D hormones، caused callus formation in varying degrees. The medium containing 1mg/L BA and 1 mg/L of 2،4-D hormones showed the higher production of callus.