گودرز عکاشه

Imbalances and disturbances in walking pattern are of factors affecting physical, psychological and social health of the elderly. This study aimed at investigating the effect of 10 weeks of Pilates exercises on static and dynamic balance and psychological factors in elderly men.
In this quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design, a total of 22 elderly men with the average age of (65/76 ± 2/81), referring to Amir Kabir clinic of Kashan in 2016, were purposefully selected as sample and were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control, each of which consisted of 11 people. The experimental group participated in a Pilates exercise program for 10 weeks, 3 sessions per week for 60 minutes. The collected data were analyzed by using dependent and independent t-test at a significance level of P The results showed that Pilates exercises had a significant effect (P It seems that Pilates exercises can improve the static and dynamic balance, reduce anxiety and depression and can improve mental and social functioning in elderly men. Pilates exercises can be used as a complementary therapy to improve balance and reduce falls; also, it can develop mental health indicators and can be a good and low cost alternative.

Aim: This study examined the effect of mindfulnessbased cognitive therapy in reducing anger¡ anxiety and depression in women''s prison in Ahwaz.
This experimental study with pretest-posttest control group. The experimental group for 8 sessions¡ each session 2 hours were exposed to mindfulness training and re-post test for both test and control groups was carried out.
Analysis of data using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and the level of significance (05/0 = α) showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduced anger¡ anxiety and depression in prison.
The results showed that treatment mindfulness metacognition and prevent rumination through the reforms and changes in thinking and actions¡ improves the mental state of the people.

Introduction and Nowadays، the issue of good health status in the fields of physical and psychological aging is getting global attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks Pilates training on depression treatment among sedentary retired workmen. This study was a semi-experimental design in which، thirty non-athletic elderly men were included. In a randomized sampling، the subjects were selected among elderly who referred to the Amir Kabir psychiatry center in Kashan and only those elderly with a registered medical record were eligible to be included in this study. Subjects were randomly divided into two equal groups of experimental and control. Level of Depression was measured using the Beck Depression Questionnaire (BDI-S-13). The experimental group received 8 weeks of Pilates training while، the controls received no exercise training. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check the normal distribution of our data and effectiveness of Pilates training was evaluated using ANOVA with significance level of α=0. 05. the mean age of sample was age 62. 96 ± 2. 88. Significant differences were observed in depression score of the experimental group in post-tests (P≤0. 001). However، no significant difference was observed in the control group (P≥0. 05). In general، eight weeks Pilates training program improved depression among retired workmen. The Pilates training is suggested as a noninvasive، non-medication and preventive method for the elderly who are suffering from depression.

Dialysis patients experience problems related to sexual function due to the nature of their disease and its complications. The present study carried out to determine sexual function in dialysis patients in Kashan city. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 72 hemodialysispatients referred to dialysis unit of Akhavan Hospital in 2013 were evaluated. Research instruments were demographic questionnaire and Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Sate (GRISS). Data were analyzed using statistical tests, such as chi-square, Fisher’s exact, Mann-Whitney, independent sample t-test. In this study, 94.4% of the hemodialysis patients had sexuality dysfunction. Sexual dissatisfaction (79.2%) and decreased sexual contact (76.4%) were the most frequent in both genders. "Lack of erection" and premature ejaculation were observed in men, each one (92.2%), and anorgasmia (90.5%) in women. In this study, there was not a significant difference between sexual dysfunction and age, gender, drug group, and duration of dialysis (p>0.05), while, a significant difference was obtained between sexual dysfunction and education level and cause of dialysis (p<0.05).The majority of hemodialysis patients suffer from sexual dysfunction, which this problem can seriously affects the patients’ quality of life. Thus, sexual dysfunction should be considered as a major health related concern in these patients. Hence, paying attention to sex function in these patients is of importance.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the prevalent disorders in child psychiatry with the potential of damage to mental talent evolution process and socio-emotional skills. This study aimed to examine the effect of an aerobic running program on ADHD among the primary school girls. In this clinical trial study, 120 female students with ADHD were purposefully selected from the primary schools in Kashan during 2011-12. The child symptom inventory-DSM-IV version (CSI-4) was completed by the student's teachers and parents and then 30 students with the severe ADHD were divided into the control and experimental groups using the randomized block method. The experimental group performed a 12-week interval running program, 3 times per week, with a maximum heart rate of 60-85%. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis. Results showed that a 12-week interval running program had beneficial effects on ADHD in the experimental compared to the control group (P<0.001). It seems that an aerobic training as a non-invasive and non-drug alternative has a positive effect on the alleviation of ADHD.

Major depressive disorder is the most common psychiatric disorder having frequent relapse. One of the aspects of the pathology of depression is dysfunctional thoughts and attitudes in individuals. Cognitive - behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most widely used treatment in the active phase of the disorder; and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a new treatment in the prevention of recurrence of major depressive disorder. The present study aimed at comparing the efficacy of combined MBCT with CBT and Traditional CBT in reducing of dysfunctional attitudes of patients with Major Depressive Disorder. This clinical-experimental study was done on 90 patients randomly selected from 160 cases referring to Tehran University Consultation Centers، Shahed University and Saba Rehabilitation Clinic، all of whom met DSM-IV criteria for Major Depressive Disorder. They were divided into 3 equal groups including CBT، MBCT combined with CBT، and TAU (Treatment As Usual). The first and the second groups received psychological treatment while the third one received medications. Their age ranged between 18 and 45 years with two depression episodes and evaluated through the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) and self–report according to Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II)، during two pre - and post tests. The obtained data was analyzed by means of co-variance analysis. Dysfunctional attitudes scores and depression symptoms significantly decreased in combined MBCT with CBT group، while in the TAU group، there was no significant difference between pre-test and post-test. MBCT combined with CBT has similar effects to classic CBT and it can lead to reducing dysfunctional attitudes and depression symptoms.

Falling is a common serious medical condition that affects the health of elderly persons and increases the health care costs. It also can lead to physical، psychological، social، and economic outcomes and even death. Therefore، the present study aimed to examine the effect of Pilates training on psychological and social factors related to falling in elderly women in Shahrekord during 2011-2012. In this quasi-experimental study، 30 elderly women (age range، 70. 23±5. 9) referred to Farhikhtegan rehabilitation center in Shahrekord were randomly allocated into the experimental and control groups. To evaluate the psychological and social factors، Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and WHOQOL-BREF (WB) questionnaire were used، respectively. Then the experimental group received a 12-week Pilates training exercise. Results showed a significant difference between the two groups regarding the depression (P=0. 007) and quality of life in both the physical (P=0. 0001) and environmental (P=0. 017) dimensions. Pilates training sessions can reduce the depression level and improve the quality of life in the elderly. It can therefore help them play a more significant role in the society and be more interactive in terms of social and cultural aspects.

Suicide is a major public health problem in developing countries which depending on geographical area, several factors have been associated with its prevalence and incidence. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of attempted suicide and its related factors in Kashan during 2003-8.

This cross-sectional study was performed on all suicide attempters referred to Kashan health centers during 2003-8. Patient's demographic information, manner, outcome and a previous history of suicide attempts were recorded on a questionnaire by interviewing patients or their families.

There were 2867 suicide cases during the study period. Most of them were in age range of 25-35 years. Fifty-nine percent of patients were female and 56% married. Drug abuse was the most common method of suicide (79%). So, an overall attempted suicide rate was 119 per 100000 people in Kashan during 2003-8 and there were only 29 cases (1.1%) of successful suicide.

Although the rate of attempted suicide are high in this city, the rate for successful suicide is very low. Therefore, this problem and its related factors need to be considered by health managers.

Burnout is caused by high-stress jobs and could induce somatic, psychological disorders and negative attitude to professional actives so that this condition causes poor relationship with the patient. This study aimed at investigating burnout in senior medical students of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. This research was a cross sectional study carried out on all senior medical students (N=56) in 2008. Data were obtained by two questionnaires including demographic questionnaire and Maslach burnout Inventory. They were then analyzed using SPSS software and Chi square Test. The findings showed that the majority of medical students (91.1%) had burnout and only 8.9% of them had not burnout. Severe burnout was in 16% of students. There was not any significant relationship between burnout and sex, age, smoking, duration of education, interest in medical course and marital status P

The International Headache Society (IHS) has defined chronic tension type headache in adult patients as attacks of headache that occurs at least 15 days per month over a period of at least 6 months. Drugs do not adequately benefit many headache sufferers. The aim of present research was to examine the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for reduction of headaches in patients with chronic tension headaches. The target population of this clinical trial study was consisted of 38 women with chronic tension type headache who were referred to psychiatry or neurology clinics in Kashan city. Patients were randomly selected and were divided into case (drug plus cognitive behavioral therapy n=18) and control (drug alone n=20) groups. Subjects were asked to complete the headache diary for one week before and after intervention. The collected data was analyzed with analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) by SPSS. An analysis of covariance showed significant differences between experimental and control groups in the frequency (P

The effectiveness of progressive relaxation training in reducing Chronic Tension Headache (CTH) was assessed in the present research. A sample of 37 CTH patients who had been referred to psychiatric or neurology clinics in Kashan randomly selected through 3 mounts and were put into an experimental group (n=17) and a control group (n=20). The experimental group received medica- tion and progressive relaxation training. The control group received only medication. All participants for one week prior to intervention and one week after intervention com- pleted the headache diary including its frequency, rate of intensity and duration. An analysis of covariance showed that medication accompanied by progressive relaxation trai- ning led to a lower frequency, intensity, and duration of hea- daches than did the use of medication alone.

History and The presence of mental problems among personnel of industrial factories is one of the major problems. Since there is little information on mental problems and its effect on performance, this study was carried out on personnel of Hamid porcelain factory in Kashan. The descriptive protocol of this study was performed on all of the personnel in two stages. At first stage, after taking letter of satisfaction, GHQ test was applied with cutting marks of 21 and 22 for male and female individuals respectively and suspected ones were selected for diagnostic interview and then DSM-IV criteria were applied. This study was conducted on 145 cases and the incidence rate for mental abnormality was 34.5%. In order of prevalence, the disturbances were as follows: Global anxiety (MDD), major depression (MDD), dysthymic disorder (DD) and double depression. The incidence was greater with increasing age, knowledge and lack of interest. Conclusion and Recommendations: There was a serious incidence of mental disorder among personnel and with regard to its prognosis and complications, it is recommended to carry out similar studies in other factories. In addition, it is recommended to consider the interacting factors in the development of such disorders.