یوسف اسفندیار

To what extent a text is related to previous, contemporary and later texts and is influenced by those texts in the linguistic, semantic, etc. fields, depending on the importance and value of that text, it is often investigated by commentators and scholars. Critics are placed. What is more important and emphasized in the criticism of modern texts is the type of communication and dialogue that is established in the shadow of intertextuality and intersubjectivity to create dialogue networks with previous, contemporary and future texts. The term intertextuality and intersubjectivity, etc., should be searched for in the thoughts of Bakhtin and his fans. However, examining the types of dialogue and its applications between the author, the narrator, the text and the audience is important to determine the grading of the texts; A text like Mantiq al-Tair as a valuable Persian mystical system can be the middle link of many of these conversations. In this research, the writer aims to observe the types of methods of the author/narrator in the creation of a conversational network and intertextual communication in the target text.

Since this research is based on the text of Mantiq al-Tair, the authors will try to examine the concepts of the theories presented in the text, using the library and sampling method.

The text of Mantiq al-Tair throughout is a scene of intertextual dialogue and connection with past texts and holy books.

Attar creates a network of dialogue between generations and between different strata of society by using human characteristics, symbols and using communication tools. The existence of common narratives between Mantiq al-Tair and earlier and later works, including the Masnavi of Rumi and later texts, confirms the existence of dialogue relationships in the text.

Soldiering is a stressful period in which there is a possibility of self-harm, so it is necessary to consider ways to reduce it. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of resiliency training in reducing stress and self-injury and increasing the resiliency of soldiers.

This study was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group waiting for treatment in 2018. The statistical population consisted of 20 soldiers referred to the 505 Army Hospital in Tehran who were selected by convenience sampling and were assigned into two groups of 10 (experimental and control). The experimental group received resilience training in 10 sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group received no intervention. The instruments used in this study were Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSS), Clonensky Self-Reporting Inventory and Conner Resilience Questionnaire (ISAS) and Davidson (CD-RIS). Multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS software version 24 were used for data analysis.

The mean age of the soldiers in the experimental and control groups was 20.6±2.3 and 20.4±1.5 years, respectively, and the mean length of military service was 5.3±2.5 and 7.7±4.1 months, respectively. Resiliency training program significantly reduced stress (98%) and self-injury (91%) in soldiers in the intervention group and significantly increased resilience (98%) (p <0.01).

Resiliency training seems to be effective in improving stress and self-harm syndrome and resilience in soldiers and it can be used in garrison settings.