یوسف ترابی

The present research aims to investigate the role of the police in urban governance based on ethics (the example of Tabriz metropolis). To maintain its stability and stable security, every political system needs a decent governance in various dimensions, to accelerate the individual and social development of its society. 

The method used in this research is applied in terms of purpose and of the quantitative and survey research type. The statistical population of the research consists of two classes of police managers, deputies, municipalities, universities, and welfare organization. The research sample was based on stratified random sampling and the sample size was estimated to be 162 people using Morgan’s method. The tool for collecting information is a researcher-made questionnaire.

According to the characteristic coefficient model, the index of stability and security with a score of 3.00 has the highest elasticity and flexibility with the governance issue. Following that is the responsiveness index, with a score of 1.021, and has stood at the second rank of elasticity and governance’s attraction power. The ethical index with a score of 0.422 is ranked third in explaining governance, which has a positive impact. The efficiency and effectiveness index is ranked fourth with a score of 0.224

The results indicate that among the variables associated with ethics, the highest correlation was observed with variables of positivity (forgiveness), gratitude, supervision over subordinates, and maximum absorption, respectively. Therefore, the most effective way to handle urban desirable governance is training human resources with the characteristics of being popular, religious, and moral, not being aristocratic and wasteful, not being cruel, and not being oppressed. Therefore, the police need to put ethics and religious and Islamic education on their agenda.

Political leaders and elites in every society and political system play a key role in managing the country and making important and strategic decisions to the extent that the national development or non-development of countries is attributed to political leaders and elites. This research investigates the positive and negative aspects of the political culture of elites in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The current research applies qualitative research, using the document analysis method to study books, articles, and existing documents related to the political culture of the elites.

The most important components of the political culture of political elites in Iran in both positive and negative dimensions are: spirituality and morality, sincerity, simplicity of life, being a people, rationality and scientific orientation, honor and invulnerability, humility, courage and selflessness, worldview.

Negative dimensions: 

self-conceit, exaggeration, law-abiding and relationship-oriented, uncriticism, duality of personality, pessimism and suspicion, ethnocentrism.

 Trust is considered a prerequisite for any effective social interaction and can prevent the interaction from falling into the well of abnormal behavior and cause peace and psychological security. The purpose of the current research is to identify the effective factors on increasing public trust in the police command of the Islamic Republic of Iran from the perspective of the Supreme Leader.

 This research is developmental-applicative in terms of type, which was designed by using qualitative method and theme analysis, themes related to public trust from the views, opinions and views of the Supreme Leader (Madazla Al-Aali) in the form of all themes. The basic themes were identified and extracted by the researchers after a detailed review of each source in the research environment according to the steps of the theme analysis method of Clark and Braun (2006), which identifies the themes inductively (based on data) and from the basic themes to the overarching theme. from part to whole) and to determine the reliability coefficient with the approval of experts, the Holstein method was used, and the value of this coefficient was estimated at 0.830.

 Based on the analysis of 646 primary codes, the research pattern consists of an overarching theme, 7 organizing themes, and 31 basic themes. The organizing themes are: behavioral factors, contextual factors, demographic factors, procedural justice, institutional factors, functional factors and attitudinal factors.

 In the intellectual system of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, the reciprocity of existing relationships in the need for stable confidence and trust and promotion of public trust in government institutions, especially the police command, is quite obvious and clear in the topics obtained.

 The main purpose of this research is the historical study of political education and training in Iran's police with regard to the establishment of the Dar al-Funun school and then the political science school in Iran and the evolution of police political education in the Qajar, Pahlavi and Islamic Republic of Iran eras.

 This research is qualitative and exploratory, which is done with document analysis method. The tools of data collection are books, sources and historical texts. The statistical population of the research is books and historical
sources related to the subject.

the political science school by the political and military elites in Iran has been a turning point in the history of scientific developments and development in Iran.

 The establishment of Dar al-Funun and then political education and training in the armed forces and the police during the Qajar and Pahlavi eras has been poor due to the authoritarian nature of the ruling political system and the lack of familiarity of the officers with basic political concepts.
In the era of the Islamic Republic of Iran, with an emphasis on religious democracy, the political education and training of the people and officers of the armed forces and the police were of outstanding importance, and practical structures such as political ideological organization and political course titles, political workshops for the skill of political analysis and political insight of the commanders and officers of the Islamic Republic of Iran Police. and the social functions of the popular police have played an important role in increasing the efficiency and legitimacy of the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

  Addressing science and research in the process of achieving a profound scientific revolution in the Islamic Republic of Iran, infrastructure categories and the duties and missions of all executive and non-executive bodies and scientific elites in various fields of the country to fulfill the first recommendation of the weekly recommendations of the second step of the Islamic Revolution. In this regard, one of the targeted environments for drawing a bright horizon in law enforcement is the field of science and research. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer the following questions: 1) What are the backgrounds for the formation and development of science and research structures in the law enforcement forces of the Islamic Republic and on what context? 2) What are the most important achievements of science and research in the last forty years? 3) What are the requirements for the purposeful and successful continuation of NAJA basic knowledge in the future?

 To answer the questions, a qualitative method based on document analysis, analysis of organizational structures and processes, and interviews with experts and those in charge of science and research in NAJA have been used.

 In relation to the first question, the research findings showed that the structures of science and research in the past forty years in proportion to the changes and developments in the past four decades in the macro level in an evolutionary process and in the form of several main periods including structural benefit of experience The disciplinary course of the revolution, the course of organization, the course of specialization, the course of socialization on the basis of social analysis, the course of geography on the basis of geographical studies, the course of strategic attitude and future research, the course of role-playing in the national arena and the course of ideation, knowledge management and thinking can be classified.In response to the second question, the findings showed that the most important achievements of science and research in the last forty years include improving the basic knowledge in the disciplinary structure, improving the level of knowledge and knowledge of staff, tangible development of faculty members, extensive structuring of knowledge and research, development of community-based studies. The development of mission / geography-based research has been the development of strategic, forward-looking and theorizing studies, increasing the share of police knowledge in the national knowledge portfolio and the development of innovation, ideation and thinking.Finally, in answer to the third question, the evolutionary movement towards achieving discipline and security of knowledge-based at the desired and ideal level requires requirements such as attention to appropriate scientific human capital, youthfulness, elitism and talent, innovation, scientific participation, purposeful synergistic interactions, problem-oriented , Agility relies on new technologies and effectiveness.

 The results showed that based on the disciplinary experiences of the first decade, the knowledge base in NAJA has undergone its evolutionary path and has put a scientific leap in dealing with specialized, geographical, strategic and future-oriented issues at the forefront of its work.

The Constitutional Revolution and the subsequent petty tyranny must be recognized with a historical background and global development. Yaperm was one of the military, security and revolutionary elites of the era of the Constitutional Revolution in Iran. After a minor dictatorship, he fought alongside other Mujahideen in the conquest of Tehran with the army of Mohammad Ali Shah, the tyrannical king of Qajar. After the defeat of Mohammad Ali Shah and the formation of a commission that was set up to oversee affairs and maintain order, he was appointed to head the police. During his presidency of the Order, Yapram Khan took significant corrective measures in the structure of the Order and subsequently established order and security in Iran. This article has used archival and library sources and based on the analysis of these data, has examined the actions of this constitutional Mujahideen in the structure of order and security of the country. According to the findings of this study, creating changes in the structure and organization of Nazmieh, ensuring public order and security, fighting against elements opposed to constitutionalism and supporters of Mohammad Ali Shah in defending the basic principles of constitutionalism and paying attention to the rule of law in the country were important actions of Pepram Khan. Yapram's actions have many pros and cons. Some condemned his actions in the Atabak Park incident, the dissolution of the parliament and the execution of Sheikh Fazlullah Nouri, the assassination and killing of Seyyed Abdullah Behbahani by the arbitrary Mujahideen and the escape of Haidar Khan Amavoglu, and some condemned these actions positively or in law enforcement. They have interpreted the protection of the constitutional revolution and the provision of security and the prevention of the collapse of the country.

The present article is an attempt to extract the model of management of ethnic and social diversity in the constitutional law of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran has good capacities for managing diversity, ethnic and social divisions, and the legislator, with humane, Islamic, just and progressive literature derived from the monotheistic teachings of the Holy Quran and the brilliant life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), provides suitable grounds for overcoming ethnic divisions in Iran. This article is based on an applied, exploratory and qualitative research that has been accomplished using the method of document content analysis with emphasis on the content of the constitution and documentary-library techniques. Emphasizing five legal, religious, political, cultural and economic approaches, the management model is presented by looking at the existing capacities in the Constitution of the Republic of Iran in the strategic field of managing gaps, ethnic and social diversity, which is considered an approach based on Islamic unification.

The purpose of this study was a comparative study of command styles in the police of the United States of America, United Kingdom, Australia, Turkey and the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The research method is comparatively case-based. For this purpose, it focused only on the studies of the last 10 years. For this reason, several researches were extracted by reviewing the websites of the studied countries. After studying them and eliminating irrelevant or less relevant items, 38 researches (articles, dissertations or research projects) were selected and became the basis of qualitative comparative study.

Based on research conducted in the police of the studied countries, the results showed that transformational leadership styles, integrated (transformational and exchange), active leadership and role modeling, ethical leadership, participatory leadership (relationship oriented) and situational leadership with many positive organizational consequences Were in a relationship; While leadership styles of non-intervention (passive / avoidance) and authoritarianism were associated with increasing negative consequences in the organization.

Based on the total results, firstly, transformational leadership style and secondly, integrated leadership style (transformational leadership style and exchange with each other) had the most research support in terms of leading to positive.

The aim of this study is to investigate and explain institutionalization in Imam Khomeini's political thought and practice. In order to answer the research questions, document analysis (a qualitative method) was used. With this method, available documents including books, articles and theses were reviewed. By examining the political thought of Imam Khomeini, it was found out that factors such as “paying attention to social values”, political crises”, and “temporal conditions” were effective in his institutionalization. It can be said that institutionalization has a special role in Imam Khomeini's political thought and practice. After examining his political thought, it was tried to provide evidences of institutionalization done by Imam Khomeini based on various functions and with regard to the above mentioned factors. Results showed that presenting and introducing political, legislative, judicial, scientific, cultural, military and service institutions, periodically and permanently, are the evidences of institutionalization under the leadership of Imam Khomeini.

Science and research are considered as a the driving force of the modern world and its importance is increasing in today's world. In the statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution, the Supreme Leader also dedicated one of the axes of her speech to it, which shows the importance and attention to the position of science and research in our country.The police have also paid special attention to science and attention in recent years. The purpose of this article is to pathology the institution of science and research in the NAJA and to know its requirements in the NAJA, and then to draw a roadmap based on the statement of the second step of the revolution.The method of this research is qualitative and use qualitative content analysis strategy. The statistical population of this study includes 15 faculty members of the NAJA Institute of policing Sciences and Social Studies who were selected according to the purposeful sampling method. The findings of this study show that the most important harms of the science and research institution in NAJA are structural harms and its research requirements include structural, management and human resources, interactive and cultural. Accordingly, the stages of realization of science and research in NAJA, based on the statement of the second step of the revolution, including 8 steps "design and recruitment, decoding, status, capability and pathology, horizontology, requirements, action and localization of documents" were drawn.

The present study seeks to study the cultural and social threats of the media of the opponents and enemies of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. Nowadays, soft war through using mass media, especially radio and television and cyberspace, has been prioritized by the enemies of the Islamic Revolution in order to influence the public opinion of the Muslim nation of Iran. It is also aimed to affect national identity, weaken the national cohesion and national unity of the Iranians and their dominant ideology. In this regard, the present study is conducted with the aim of examining the role of the Islamic Republic of Iran's media in managing confrontation with cultural and social threats.

The present research is of quantitative and survey type and has been conducted using documentary techniques and Delphi technique and through obtaining the views of national media experts. In this regard, 50 experts and elites in the field of national media were selected from among experts and media elites using targeted accessible sampling method. Cronbach's alpha test was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The overall alpha coefficient was 0.870, which seems to be statistically satisfactory.

The findings resulted from the analysis of the questionnaire filled in by managers and experts of national media indicate that the management model for dealing with cultural and social threats of national media is based on four dimensions (public opinion, sovereignty ideology, national identity and social cohesion).The results of data analysis indicate that the national media priorities in managing confrontation with cultural and social threats are: to strengthen the foundations of the ideology of sovereignty, to strengthen social cohesion, to strengthen the foundations of national identity and to shape the formation of public opinion, respectively.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the idea of reforming order and security by Amir Kabir, the Grand Chancellor of Iranian History. Carefully, intelligently, and using the experiences of his travels to Russia and the Ottoman Empire, and reading numerous books and newspapers, he realized the depth of Iran's backwardness in various dimensions, and began to reform programs to end the country from backwardness. The axes of his program were: providing order and security, official, financial, and economic reforms and fighting corruption and focusing on the scientific development of the country. Among these axes, the reforms related to order and security have a special place.

In terms of its objectives the present study is of an applied research type and a qualitative research that has been conducted using documentary analysis method; and data collection tools are books, historical documents and existing decrees of Amir Kabir's political life.

Establishing internal order and security, providing security on the roads and ways, formulating laws and regulations to ensure criminal justice, organizing the military and law enforcement forces, establishing a secret organization to fight corruption among the princes and the military and law enforcement forces' oppression, establishing the Academy of Arts (Dar alFonoon) for scientific development of Iran's military and law enforcement, and organizing national security through the influential struggle of Britain and Russia..

Amir Kabir's commitment to the scientific development of the country, deep reforms in the military, law enforcement and anti-corruption fields.

Talking about the Alevis discourse in Turkish society is a multidimensional and complex subject. A mass group that has experienced various ups and downs in the path of identity and in the interaction with the political powers around them. In the Ottoman period, especially in the conditions of the political and ideological competition between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid regime, the Alevis were known as Iranian spies or Shiite-oriented Iranians and were prohibited from any activity. After the establishment of the Turkish government in 1923, the Alevian community of Turkey was allowed to work and found a new discourse. O. The existence of various and sometimes contradictory components in the political and social life of the Alevis has had various implications for the discourse of this group and its discursive analysis has become important. On the other hand, the affiliations of this group with the Shiite thoughts and their adherence to Iran, doubles the significance of this discursive research. The main question of the leading research is: what are the semantic signatures of Alawi discourse? In this paper, Lacla and Mouffe's discourse analysis is used for data analysis. The findings of the research indicate that the Alevi discourse in contemporary Turkey, centered on the central slab of Turkish nationalism, emphasizes on other semantic principles such as secularism, conservatism, tolerance, the restoration of Alevi identity, democracy, and security.

The issue that the present study seeks to address is the explanation of the position of Taqiyah in intelligence activities. Precision in the political life of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the infallible Imams of Islam and the opinions of the jurists, both Shi'a and Sunni, indicate the importance of secrecy, concealment of secrets and protection of self and information of importance to enemies in life, and the "principle of taqiyah" ; As a mechanism, as well as an efficient method, it has valuable applications in political, social, information, security and protection activities. "Taqiyyah" is understood in the sense of having beliefs of potential rivals and enemies, fear of danger, and acting in response to threats. The application of taqiyah in Islamic jurisprudence and in the jurisprudents' opinions based on the jurisprudential rules are: reluctance, urgency, and related to principles such as secrecy and thorium and expediency.

The present research is a qualitative research which uses descriptive, analytical, documentary and library research methodology. The researcher uses the data and information contained in the Quran, the family of the infallible Imams (as) and the Islamic jurists to analyze the data and describes the status of taqiyah in intelligence activities.

The principle of taqiyya is based on rules such as: Al-Muhammad, Thorahi, secrecy, concealment, reluctance, urgency and expediency, an important mechanism for the protection of themselves and the organization from the potential threat of the enemy, and the Shi'i jurisprudents socially use it based on The rules of jurisprudence are permissible in intelligence activities.

Managerial organizations play an important role in the process of achieving the goals and objectives of the organization. Studying these roles and functions of managerial organizations is regarded as a sociological study of the organization. The ideological-political organization is one of the law enforcement agencies of the country whose most important function is "to assist the development of the police and Islamic law organization within the Islamic Republic of Iran". The present article is a scientific study aimed at studying the role of ideological-political organization in the process of institutionalization of desirable political culture in law enforcement.

This research was conducted using a descriptive-analytic method and existing documents and sources belonging to the views of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution and an institutionalist approach.

Findings and results:

One of the important functions of the ideological-political organization is the "political culture-making" and the development and deepening of political culture based on Islamic norms and values among human resources and law enforcement officers, which is an important part of organizational political discernment. The ideological-political organization carries out the mission of developing the police organization in the Islamic Republic of Iran through:Epistemological and religious education and training of police commanders and human resources;
Ethical and Behavioral Training of Police Commanders and Human Resources;
Political education and training of police commanders and human resources;
Making spiritual and ethical atmosphere within different structures of law enforcement;
Preventing the deviations and abuses of police commanders and human resources;
The institutionalization of Islamic culture as a "value action" in the activities of police commanders and human resources.

Public security such as citizen security in a network of individual interactions, governments,society and its in direct relation with the mission of police organization (Eftekhari, 2006: 35). The basic mission of the police is in relation to public order and security, public security includes the security of all individuals. Who live in a country on a specific geographical basis (Help and Fellow, 1392: 137). Therefore, this research has been carried out with the aim of investigating the impact of internal organizational challenges of law enforcement management on public safety of tourists in 1396.

The research method was descriptive survey and the statistical population of the study was all 150 commanders and law enforcement personnel in Babolsar city who were selected by full scale. The method of collecting information and tools was a researcher made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by the experts and its reliability was obtained by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (786/0). For data analysis, statistical analysis of linear regression coefficient was used.

It was shown that the internal organizational challenges of law enforcement management include human factors, lack of physical equipment and underlying factors with regard to the significant level (0.000 sig =), which is less than 0.05, and the coefficient of determination has been obtained, which are respectively 261/0, 259/0 and 207/0, indicates that internal challenges inpolice management has a significant impact on the internal policymaking of the public security of tourists.

Due to the fact that the main hypothesis of the research is the effect of the internal factors of the police organization on tourism industry, the law enforcement can plan and improve the studied indicators in three dimensions as follous: individual factors, physical factors and field factors.

Perpetrators of drugs use methods that make it difficult to arrest them. This issue has made it difficult for the police and the judiciary to find out the cause of the crime. For this reason, in some cases the police inevitably use covert operations to detect and prove a crime. On the other hand, the legality of reasoning is legally necessary. In this regard, this research intends to examine the legal status and dimensions of the operations covered by drug offenses. Research This research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of methodology, it is an analytic research. The data were collected and analyzed in a documentary manner, a library of legal sources, journals, dissertations. In this research, the existing documentation on the legal aspects of resorting to covert operations in drug discovery in the Islamic Republic of Iran is discussed. The findings of the investigation indicate that the legislator is substantially silent about the possibility of resorting to covert operations, but given the rules such as the substantive rule in paragraph b of Article 158 of the Islamic Penal Code, it is permissible to apply it to drug offenses. According to legal rules, when two rights are in conflict and the preservation of one requires the deterioration of the other, legally less valuable right is not taken into account. Furthermore, important in this debate is the protection of community safety, but this is not a denial of police responsibility for violating legal regulations. Therefore, resorting to covert operations is legally necessary and defensible under the jurisdiction of the competent judicial officer.

The study of the efficient Islamist government in the sphere of thought of the Ayatollah Khamenei is one of the most exciting issues in the studies of the Islamic Revolution, requiring a lot of research and investment.The victory of the Islamic Revolution initiated major changes in the various structures of society, especially the government. Various theories and different principles were expressed in this regard sought to increase efficiency in the Islamic government.Using descriptive-analytical method and utilizing the functionalism approach, this paper aims to express a favorable and efficient government from the point of view of Ayatollah Khamenei.The main question of the research is: What are the characteristics of a favorable and efficient Islamic government in the view of the leader of the Islamic revolution?The findings of the research suggest that Faith and Islamic identity, rationalism and rationality, justice, preservation of independence, self-confidence and scientific progress, fight against corruption, moralities, simplicity and frugality, avoiding luxury as well as legalism are genuine components of the efficient Islamic government and its functions (in the view of Ayatollah Khamenei).

Political marketing is a science embarked on political sociology with the onset of a crisis in democracies. This science was gradually recognized in the context of accepting the idea and meaning in the audience and continued to expand and deepen at both the domestic and international levels.
In this research, a new framework for political marketing, called "action-based political marketing", has been proposed to study the case of this framework in relation to Turkey's activity in Central Asia and the Caucasus. The main question of this research is: what are the components of political marketing in Iran and what are the activities of Turkey in Central Asia and the Caucasus based on action-based political marketing?
The main objective of this study is to find out the activities of Turkey in expanding its field of authority in the framework of political marketing. This research is a developmental-applied research. The method of qualitative research is based on the use of documentary-library techniques, which is done using descriptive-analytical method of data obtained from documents.
The findings of this study indicate that taking into account the main components of political marketing, Turkey has taken many measures to influence its favorable standards in the Central Asian and Caucasian regions. Using its soft power and the expansion of its cultural and intelligence umbrella in Central Asia and the Caucasus, Turkey has been providing information and adequate responses to the needs of its target communities in the region.

Drug offenses are being committed in a number of new and varied ways. This has put police and judicial authorities into some problems in the process of crime detection and its reasons, and has urged criminal justice and police officers to employ methods such as covered operations to discover and prove the crime. Given the silence of the law on the legitimacy of such acts, the purpose of this article is to examine the legal status and scope of covered operations in the criminalistics of drug offenses.

In terms of its objectives this research is of an applied study and of a qualitative type and in terms of its methodology it is descriptive-analytical. The data have been extracted and analyzed in a documentary and library studies on legal and Islamic books. Findings and

The findings of this study showed that according to the existing legal rules, including the rule of emergency, the rule of dispossession to corrupt, the principle of conflict and the rule of law, the covered operation in the discovery of narcotic crimes is permissible from the legal point of view.