دکتر سید حمید خدادادحسینی

Digital marketing as a key tool in today's world, especially in the era of information and communication technology, is rapidly growing and developing. This type of marketing allows companies to communicate more effectively with their audiences, consequently increasing conversion rates. Additionally, digital marketing enables businesses to access new markets at a lower cost compared to traditional methods. Various tools such as SEO, content marketing and digital advertising help brands stand out in a competitive space. Furthermore, the use of analytics data in digital marketing assists companies in better understanding customer behavior and optimizing their strategies. Considering the ongoing trends globally, digital marketing is continually evolving and companies must stay updated to leverage these changes. For this reason, investing in digital marketing has become a strategic necessity for business success. Ultimately, the ability to measure and analyze results accurately is one of the distinguishing features of digital marketing allowing brands to make more informed decisions. Additionally, digital marketing serves as an innovative framework, playing a significant role in the transformation and development of businesses. In today's fast-changing technological landscape, brands must adhere to digital marketing strategies to maintain competitiveness and meet customer needs. In this regard, distinguishing digital marketing from traditional methods and creating innovative approaches enables businesses to get closer to their target audiences. Digital platforms, such as social networks allow brands to interact directly and instantly with their customers. These interactions help increase customer loyalty and brand awareness making customers feel more valued. Digital marketing enables businesses to quickly adapt to market trends and changes; for example, the emergence of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning can enhance customer experiences and personalize services.

The present research is applied in terms of purpose, quantitative in research method, and classified as descriptive-correlational based on the method of data collection. The statistical population of this study includes managers and academic experts with experience and expertise in the fields of digital banking, commercial banking, and digital marketing excellence. Data were collected through a 16-item questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale, resulting in the receipt and analysis of 167 completed questionnaires. This research examined the relationships between variables using the Smart PLS 3 software and the structural equation modeling method.

One of the fundamental factors for success in digital marketing is paying attention to the needs and preferences of customers. Banks need to analyze data and customer behavior to communicate effectively with them and provide relevant content. Utilizing modern technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning and data analytics can help banks gain a better understanding of customer needs and optimize their marketing strategies. A key feature of digital marketing is the ability to engage in direct and immediate interactions with customers. Banks should take advantage of this opportunity and engage in conversation with customers through social media and interactive websites. One of the advantages of digital platforms is the ability to evaluate and analyze results accurately. Additionally, banks should continuously monitor the performance of their campaigns and adjust their strategies based on the data obtained and market changes. Ultimately, excellence in digital marketing requires a multifaceted approach that includes paying attention to customer needs leveraging modern technologies, creating valuable content and establishing effective interactions with customers. Banks must continuously strive to adapt to changes in the market and consumer behavior and capitalize on digital opportunities to create a positive experience for customers. These efforts not only help improve brand recognition but can also lead to increased sales and customer loyalty.

Excellence in digital marketing presents a golden opportunity for banks to achieve success in a competitive and ever-changing environment. By thoroughly understanding its various elements and implementing effective strategies businesses can enhance their competitive advantage. Furthermore, achieving excellence in digital marketing indicates that financial institutions must seriously focus on implementing innovative digital strategies. Given the increasing competition and high customer expectations utilizing digital tools can significantly improve customer experience and increase their loyalty. Offering suitable online services personalizing customer experiences and leveraging data analytics to better understand customer needs are among the key elements in this regard. Additionally, banks should focus on expanding their interactions with customers through social media and educational content. By establishing effective communication and building trust banks can strengthen their position in the market. Ultimately, success in digital marketing depends on adapting to rapid market changes and emerging technologies which can lead to reduced costs and increased customer satisfaction. Engaging customers through informative content and responsive communication channels not only enhances customer relationships but also fosters loyalty and improves overall service quality.

Social customer relationship management (SCRM) is a new concept that combines social media and social networks with standard customer relationship management (CRM) tools, processes, and practices to improve customer engagement, especially customer service. The goal of SCRM is to create a personal relationship with customers by tracking communications and interactions, following leads, analyzing customer views, and responding appropriately by reviewing the data received in the form of customer feedback. Many organizations have recognized the potential of SCRM capabilities in their businesses and have made significant investments in this area. However, the success rate of companies in integrating social media with CRM systems has varied greatly, and various studies report high failure rates of SCRM implementation. As social customer relationship management (SCRM) is considered an emerging phenomenon, most companies are still in the early stages of adoption. To exploit the true potential of SCRM, companies must be aware of the factors that drive its adoption. However, the existing literature on SCRM has largely focused on the characteristics, opportunities, and benefits that SCRM offers, but provides little insight into the factors that influence its adoption. Today, the service industry plays a vital role in the development and economic growth of countries. The insurance industry, as a supporting service industry, contributes to this development and plays a significant role in the economy. The Iran's insurance industry, despite its long history, has not had a very good position compared to other economic sectors of the country and compared to the world insurance markets, and has lagged behind in terms of growth. The low insurance penetration rate and low demand for insurance services in Iran confirm this. In a competitive and volatile sector like insurance, one of the profitable ways to outperform competitors and at the same time develop insurance penetration is to enable online interaction with customers through the use of social CRM. Social CRM provides opportunities for insurance companies that can increase their effectiveness. Given the benefits discussed, the purpose of this research is to identify the critical factors affecting the adoption of social CRM in the insurance industry and to prioritize these factors based on their importance and impact.

 This research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of its method. In order to collect data and information, library and field methods were used. After identifying the criteria and sub-criteria based on a review of the research literature and a survey of managers and experts familiar with the research topic in the insurance industry, a field study and distribution of a pairwise comparison questionnaire were used to prioritize each of the criteria. The statistical population of this research includes experts familiar with the topic, including customer relationship management experts in insurance companies in Tehran, of whom 29 were selected using the snowball sampling method. The questionnaire included three main criteria and 18 sub-criteria, which the experts were asked to prioritize. The network analysis process technique in Super Decision software was used to weight and prioritize the research criteria and sub-criteria. The insurance experts confirmed the validity of the pairwise comparison questionnaire and it has the necessary validity and its reliability was calculated by calculating the inconsistency rate.

In this research, the factors affecting the adoption of social customer relationship management (SCRM) in the insurance industry were identified, with a review of past research, in three main criteria and 18 sub-criteria. Then, these factors were examined and prioritized by experts using a questionnaire. The results of the network analysis process technique showed that among the 3 main criteria (technology, organizational, and environmental), technology factors were identified as the most important main indicator in the adoption of SCRM in insurance companies. Organizational factors ranked second, and environmental factors ranked third. After the final prioritization, the highest rank in the sub-criteria was observed for the sub-criterion "the existence of reliable customer information in social media". This was followed by "senior management support" in second place and "the ability to integrate customer-related systems" in third place, which indicates the importance of paying attention to these sub-criteria in the insurance industry.

 In recent years, social customer relationship management (SCRM) has emerged as a powerful tool for businesses to engage with customers on social media platforms and build strong relationships with them. This trend has also had a significant impact on the insurance industry, prompting insurance companies to adopt SCRM strategies to better connect with their customers. SCRM enables insurance companies to effectively target and engage with a diverse range of customers. While technologies such as SCRM can offer better alternatives and solutions for communicating with customers, effectively integrating them into the existing insurance system can be challenging. Therefore, there is a need to identify the factors that influence insurance companies' intention to participate in SCRM programs, which can be the key to successful implementation of this technology. In general, based on the results of the research conducted, it can be stated that the adoption of SCRM is not only considered a technological project, but should also be considered as a comprehensive integrated business strategy in which organizational, environmental and technological factors must all be integrated and help the company to make an informed decision about the implementation of this strategy. By taking a comprehensive approach to SCRM, insurance companies can build stronger customer relationships, drive business growth, and gain a competitive advantage in today's digital age.

Today, Internet shopping has provided perfect opportunities for online business owners. Identifying and improving the various channels that customers use for purchases at online stores will lead to competitive benefits for these businesses. Therefore, recognizing motivations and different channels used for product searching is crucial and this research addresses these issues. This qualitative phenomenological research was conducted based on customers’ lived experiences. A protocol was developed for collecting data from 23 participants selected through purposive sampling with maximum variation strategy. The obtained data and the interview content were statistically analyzed in MAXQDA. Based on the study results, 4 categories were extracted for features of utilitarian purchase (i.e. wise purchase, tangible consumption results, substitute, and purposive processing) and 4 categories were extracted for features of hedonic purchase (i.e. recreational application, intangible consumption results, no substitute, and simple information processing). The results also indicated that the search resources were social media and product presentation by target retailers for hedonic purchase and search engines, online shops, third-party views, and product presentation by competing retailers for utilitarian purchase.

Abstract This article analyzes and illustrates the state of the scientific production of financial literacy, knowledge, and customer experience in the context of the capital market based on scientometric techniques, articles indexed in the Web of Science database between the period of 1977-2022 and the discovery of research gaps. The current research is of a descriptive and applied type, which was conducted using co-occurrence analysis of words. The statistical population of this study comprises scientific articles in the fields of financial literacy and customer experience. A total of 789 articles were selected from two areas close to business management and business finance, and the data were analyzed using VOSviewer software. The most and most frequent words "financial literacy" and "behavior" which are the results of co-occurrence of words and are related to the word "investment"; Seven thematic clusters were also identified: the experience of the financial crisis of COVID-19, financial literacy and investor behavior, asset management, customer satisfaction and experience of services, financial education and knowledge, retirement economy, strategic plan and development of financial education. Keywords: Financial literacy, financial knowledge, customer experience, capital market, scientometrics

In response to global advancements in the banking sector and the increasing competition in Iran, with new banks and financial institutions entering the market, commercial banks must leverage digital marketing to differentiate their services and secure a significant market share in the industry. Therefore, it is necessary that marketing excellence models provide solutions to create a sustainable competitive advantage. This study aims to discover and explain the antecedent and consequent components of the digital marketing excellence model in commercial banking and to provide solutions to improve digital marketing excellence in commercial banking.

The current research is applied-developmental in terms of its purpose. In terms of the method of data collection, it is included in the category of non-experimental research. To address the research problem and develop the model, a qualitative research approach was employed, specifically utilizing data collection methods from grounded theory.

The findings indicate that implementing the marketing excellence model in commercial banking enhances the customer experience by anticipating and addressing future needs, increasing customer appeal, personalizing services, and expanding the range and diversity of offerings. Additionally, it improves employee well-being, establishes effective communication with audiences, and leverages digital technologies and strategies. This approach allows customers to interact with the bank through digital channels and choose their preferred method of engagement at any time.

Many organizations increasingly adopt new technologies to gain a larger market share. Embracing technological advancements is crucial for economic success in today's era, making digital marketing a key tool for achieving the latest methods of customer interaction and engagement. In a market-based economy, banks are forced to use new marketing tools and take advantage of digital marketing to be effective in monetary and financial markets, perform better and surpass competitors, and prepare their financial resources. Value creation is one of the consequences of digital banking. Banks that have accepted the marketing philosophy are constantly trying to create and increase the value of their customers. Customers compare the values they receive from different banks and choose a bank that offers more value to them. Processes that have transitioned from physical platforms to information technology platforms offer services more efficiently and rapidly than ever before. For instance, whereas previously individuals had to visit a bank in person for various transactions, the advent of banking software now allows them to complete these tasks at any time, day or night, from the convenience of their own devices.

Recently there are remarkable interests about business ecosystems in businesses and academic environments and increasing. Regarding special characteristics of business ecosystems, it is expected that management concepts including strategy and strategizing are different in business ecosystems and they have special specifications and require special considerations. In this research and using related articles published in this area, we review previous researches and extract related concepts and themes about strategazing in business ecosystems and realation between them and to design an integrated model for strategizing in business ecosystem’s life cycle.

To identify related themes about strategizing in business ecosystems, we use Metasynthesis and Sandelowski and Barroso method in this research that the mothod includes seven steps. Published articles in this area between 1993 to 2021 and in top scientific databases are reviewed by the research group. These databases include Science Direct, Emerald, Scopus and EBSCO. In addition and regarding the importance of some journals, the resarch group considered articles of four pioneer journals by Berry-picking and Journal Runs and Hand Searching method to be sure that all influential articles are reviewed. These four pioneer journals include Harvard Business Review, MIT Sloan Management Review, California Management Review and Strategic Management Journal. We reviewed related articles and screened articles three times and at the end, 107 articles selected and studied in this research. We extracted required information from these selected articles and then categorized and synthesized them to extract concepts and themes.

Using Metasynthesis results, 10 themes about strategizing in business ecosystems are identified including Ecosystem Creation Motivators, Ecosystem Drivers, Ecosystem Goal, Ecosystem Boundary, Strategic Positions in Ecosystem, Strategic Roles in Ecosystem, Critical Health Factors of Ecosystem, Ecosystem Challenges, Ecosystem Dynamism, and Strategizing in Ecosystem that every theme has its sub-themes and concepts. These themes are related together and can make an integrated model to describe how different factors influence strategizing in business ecosystems and how designers and managers of an ecosystem can nurture an acosystem by deliberately strategic initiatives.

In the end and using identified themes and regarding the relationships between them, an integrated model for strategizing in business ecosystems’ life cycle are designed by the researchers. In this model and based on the research question, strategizing has a dynamic charactristics and is a continuous attempt during whole life cycle of business ecosystem and plays as a core of the model. There are several motivators that encourage different ecosystem players to participate in the ecosystem. While these motivators exist, the ecosystem evolve and otherwise will collapse. On the other hand, customer value proposition is the core goal that whole ecosystem moves toward that goal and strategizing is a leading engine that pushes the ecosystem toward this goal. In addition to strategizing, there are some soft and hard drivers that provide dynamism for ecosystem. After creating ecosystem, different participants play various roles in the ecosystem that based on their responsibiliy, they are assigned to special positions and these positions determine the strategic role of every participant in the ecosysetm. Participants influence the strategizing in the ecosystem by these strategic roles. Also, strategic positions maybe change by ecosystem dynamism and then they are dynamic. By prticipation of players in the ecosystem, the boundary of ecosystem will be detremined that include players in different strategic positions. According to the model, this boundary is dynamic and based on the different factor, the boundary can change during ecosystem’s life cycle. Survival and competitiveness of an ecosystem deponds on its health. During evolution of the ecosystem, different factors emerge that based on these factors we can evaluate healthiness of ecosystem that we call them Critical Health Factors. These factors play a very important role in decision about ecosystem strategies. Ecosystem challenges are other factors that influence strategizing in ecosystem that these challenges related to charactristics of ecosystems and these challenges must be considered for any strategic initiatives. But ecosystem dynamism is the crucial issue in ecosystem strategizing that accomplish by ecosystem’s life cycle. Comprehensive understanding of this dynamism is so important for strategizing in an ecosystem. Also, dynamism variables are the most important issue about ecosystem dynamism. These variables make dynamism in the ecosystem or they will be affacted by ecosystem dynamism. These dynamism variables influence on strategizing in ecosystem and also will be affacted by new strategies and changes. In addition to strategic roles, strategic challenges and dynamism variables, there are another factors that impact on strategizing that we call them as Effective Factors on Strategizing. These factors have mutual relationship with strategizing and they have dynamism charactristics. In addition, Strategic Approach is another factor that can influence strategizing in ecosystem. Every strategic approach has its own requirements and can make different effect on strategizing in ecosystem. These strategic approaches are related to strategic positions and ecosystem dynamism. Regarding complexity of strategizing in ecosystems, it is necessary to consider all these themes together simultaneously and also their relationship. This comprehensive understanding leads to a best decision during strategy develpoment and execution and this designed model is the most comprehensive known model for strategizing in business ecosystems.

The purpose of this article is to understand the basics of strategic decision-making methodology based on the methodological implications of the Holy Quran and with the example of Surah Anfal.

This article is based on the combined mechanism of two methods of denotation research as well as the logic of denotation in the literature of fundamental science. In this regard,, theme analysis and content analysis were used in Atlas for data analysis. ti software, and some implications based on the fundamentals of strategic decision-making methodology were understood and explained.

The result of this methodical process was the extraction of 120 primary codes,16 basic themes 120 primary codes,16 basic themes, and four organizing themes, which were formed under the Qur'an-based strategic decision-making methodology.

Finally, the methodological implications of strategic decision-making are organized under the four general headings of strategic decision-making methodology system, effective components in the processing of strategic decision-making methods, location of evidence for strategic decision-making processing, quality and goodness of explanation.

Creating effective online customer experiences through well-designed product web pages is critical to success in online retailing. How such web pages should look specifically, however, remains unclear (Bleier et al., 2018). Unlike traditional retail, customers evaluate products online not through physical interaction but through verbal and visual stimuli (design elements) on product web pages (Lemon & Verhoef, 2016). Kovikaite et al. (2009) stated that the detailed evaluation of verbal and visual package elements and their impacts on consumer’s purchase decision, taking into consideration involvement level, time pressure or individual characteristics of consumers, is necessary in order to implement efficient packaging decisions. Also, Blair et al. (2018) focused on product web pages, but a design perspective could also improve the understanding of other domains in which verbal and visual stimuli build customer experiences, such as mobile apps. Previous research has examined only a few design factors individually, with a quantitative method and only in the web environment. It has hardly examined the various dimensions of customer experience based on the verbal and visual characteristics of online store platforms. Elaborating on the importance of online store platforms such as website, Instagram and mobile application, in online selling products, this research will investigate the verbal and visual characteristics that play a pivotal role in the design of online store platforms and product introduction based on the lived experience of customers who buy online from stores.

Phenomenology is a form of qualitative research that focuses on the study of an individual’s lived experiences in his daily life and his social interaction with other people. In this research, the phenomenology method has been chosen to answer the research questions that are about the conventional experiences and behaviors in people's daily life. The participants were selected from the customers of online store platforms (Websites, Instagram, and Mobile applications) who have made their online purchases during the time of this research. It was important that they have the required knowledge in this field; therefore, valid results could be extracted. The sampling method was non-probable purposive. In terms of gender, 60% of the participants were female, and 40% were male. The theoretical saturation was achieved after 15 semi-structured interviews. Collazzi method was used for the data analysis by the aid of the Max QDA software.

In this research, the online experience of the customers and the verbal and visual characteristics of the online platforms (Websites, Instagram and Mobile applications) were identified. The findings show that online shopping experience includes a number of themes. They are product experience, privacy and security, return and exchange, delivery experience and being user friendly for the customer. The verbal characteristics of the platform include the themes of information, the ease of searching for information, responsiveness and guarantee, the platform announcing, the ease of ordering and purchasing and social communication. The themes of the visual characteristics of the platform include related extra information about product and visual product introducing in platform.

Previous research has generally dealt with the topic of verbal and visual characteristics but no study has investigated verbal and visual characteristics with a phenomenological method. The careful and accurate investigation of the verbal and visual characteristics of the online platform, based on customers’ lived experiences, adds novelty to this research and enriches the literature in the field.  In this research, the main and secondary themes of the verbal and visual characteristics of online store platforms (Website, Instagram, and Mobile applications) in product introduction were determined through the lived experience of customers, which can be used for the marketers and designers of online store platforms to increase both the purchase intentions and uncertainty of customers. With the practical suggestions provided in this research, platform designers have better understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the visual and verbal factors of their platforms and can increase the desirability of the platforms. These suggestions are divided into three categories of features. Verbal and visual characteristics and suggestions were presented to increase the desired customer experience.There are some limitations in this research. The results of the research cannot be generalized to physical stores, and one must be careful in generalizing them to all type of online store. This research was only conducted on the verbal and visual characteristics of online store platforms and did not investigate which platform creates a better experience. The variables of customer purchase history and age are not controlled, nor is the number of visits by customers from different platforms (Websites, Instagram and Mobile applications).For further research, this study can be replicated among Y & Z Generations separately. There can also be a study of which platforms are most influential in creating a favorable customer experience. In addition, the history of purchasing can be controlled for each participant.

IntroductionOrganizations in some cases, such as Complex Products and Systems (COPS) do not have access to resources or the possibility and how to use them.Complex Products and Systems are such products and systems that strongly require strong engineering knowledge and high costs with a project organizational structure and customized based on technology networks, structures and engineering and infrastructure services. In other words, organizations active in the Complex Products and Systems industry need to be present in collaborative networks in order to meet their complex technological needs and because they must be equipped with a combination of complementary skills and expertise. Given the importance of networking in the Complex Products and Systems industry due to its basic features and the good literature that has been formed in this field of research in recent years, therefore, it is possible to use a review research to identify studied areas. future trends, and other areas of interest.Methodology The main purpose of this research is a systematic review and classification of the studied subjects, observable trends in studies, descriptive statistics of previous studies. The present study is a systematic review and citation research in which the steps of systematic review study of Denyer and Tranfield (2009) have been used. At first, after identifying the relevant keywords and confirming the experts, the search command was formed as TITLE-ABS-KEY ((“complex product systems” OR “complex products and systems” OR “complex capital goods” OR “complex Product-Service System”) and (“Collaborat*” OR “Network*” OR “cooperat*”)), and in the next step, the search command was executed and modified in the Scopus database, which finally produced 109 outputs.Results and Discussion The period of studied articles was from 1995 to 2021, published in 38 sources, the annual growth rate of articles from 2017 to 2021 has quadrupled, "Research Policy" journal is the first rank in this field by publishing 5 articles. Tae Yang Park published the most articles in the field and is in first rank and Hanyang University is with the highest number of organizational affiliations in this field, China with 12 scientific products is of the top country in the list of scientific products in this field. However, articles originating in the United Kingdom with 133 citations have the most citations to articles.Complex systems industries have denser and more complex network connections, which makes it difficult for transformative innovations. Therefore, equipping with communication capabilities can facilitate coordination to face this challenge [44]. Meanwhile, in line with Schumpeter's theory of creative destruction, radical innovations can completely erase the value of outdated technologies and competences and thus lead to the exit of the industry for backward companies. Recent research indicates that innovation flows from the business level to the network level. Innovation in the network is the result of the appropriate flow and its sharing between network members. One of the methods of knowledge transfer and circulation can occur in the form of complementary assets. For example, two companies, one of which has capabilities in raw material production and the other in its processing, can facilitate the flow of knowledge by properly transferring knowledge and participating in this process. Another type of innovation and knowledge flow can occur in the form of innovative division of labor. This is a kind of recombination of network members' knowledge with problems and solutions. As a result of creating such a recombination, the member companies of the network will find the ability to make what they could not make and provide alone. Of course, the importance of explicit and implicit knowledge should not be overlooked. Therefore, tacit knowledge, which is much lower in transmission power and rarely takes a written form, can be easily transferred in face-to-face and direct relationships in networks. That is, the greater the share of tacit knowledge, the more difficult it will be to transfer. Therefore, being in the network can promise more innovation for their members due to the access and variety of knowledge available in the networks. Conclusion After studying the theoretical foundations and holding meetings to present the articles, the five main topics discussed in the reviewed articles were identified, and the results of the answers to the articles were presented. The first theme is about the main factors of network stability in the complex systems industry, which include: the quality of the relationship between network actors, the degree of movement towards goals and achieving them in a flexible and cooperative atmosphere, the realization of a goal that each member has joined the network with the same motivation. Establishing two-way communication in a network, cooperation, solving the problem of resource dependence, appropriate actions in the field of strategic management, the presence of managers with basic skills in network management and the use of various tools to create a common understanding between members. Adaptability in the network in complex systems industries: participation and presence in networks and the formation of some interdependencies in networks, lead to changes in the business model of companies, which these changes occur due to adaptation to the network.The five main themes are identified as follows:How does network stability happen in the Complex Products and Systems industry?What are the dynamics of network adaptability in Complex Products and Systems industry?How is network management in Complex Products and Systems industry?How to create value in networks in Complex Products and Systems industry?How does innovation in the Complex Products and Systems industry occur?Due to the limitations of the research and access to the most original articles, because part of the validity of the research comes from the validity of the search and its articles, so from these outputs only articles and review studies and in English selected and the output was 68 articles. This number of articles was re-examined by two researchers and separately. The final output of the study was 47 original articles that were entered into Bibliometrics software to provide the most referenced resources, journals, universities, individuals and collaboration networks. And other related items to be identified.

Introduction The emergence and processing of thought, theory, conceptual, and operational model of theological management of development, and thus the production of Quranic strategic decision-making knowledge, and solving strategic social and civilizational problems and challenges of Islamic-Iranian society depend on their methodical production and processing from revelatory teachings. Like any other scientific structure, the proper establishment of the epistemological structure of strategic decision-making knowledge based on the Quran requires attention to its "nature of paradigm fundamentals". Thus, every field of knowledge, such as the knowledge of strategic decision-making that seeks to enter the empirical reality for change, is rooted in the dominant world-view, and it cannot be designed and implemented without considering its paradigmatic principles. Therefore, to acquire the Qur'an-based knowledge of strategic decision-making, there is no option to adjust it epistemologically from the level of paradigm principals to the empirical level, based on revelatory teachings.MethodologyBased on the combined mechanism of the implication research method and implication logic in the literature of the science of principles and according to AL - ANFAL Surah, the present research sought to understand and explain examples of implications based on fundamentals of Epistemology related to the subject of strategic decision-making using thematic analysis and content analysis in ATLAS.ti software.Results and DiscussionThe research process led to the extraction of  192 primary codes, 14 basic themes, including1. The role of true and credible perceptions in strategic decision-making; 2. The role of the conscientious perceptions in strategic decision-making; 3. The role of the perceptions system in strategic decision making; 4. The decision-maker and in terms of subjectivity and objectivity; 5. The flow of thought elite knowledge in strategic decision making; 6. Discourse knowledge in contrivance and situation of management; 7. Discourse in the field of public knowledge and socio-cultural affairs; 8. Level of tendency (in the field of faith) in strategic decisions; 9. The level of action (in the field of piety) in strategic decisions; 10. The role and place of revelation, intuition, sense and reason in strategic decision making; 11. Credibility of intuitive and face-to-face resources in strategic decision making; 12. Credibility of product resources in strategic decision making, and 6 organizing themes, including: 1. The role and quality of the continuity of true, credible and conscientious perceptions in strategic decision-making; 2. Crystallization of the decision-maker in terms of subjectivity and objectivity; 3. discourse-creating knowledge of change in strategic decision-making; 4. the position of values in strategic decision-making; 5. resources of knowledge in strategic decision-making; 6. validity of knowledge resources in strategic decision-making, under an inclusive implication theme, namely the fundamentals of the Epistemology of strategic decision-making. The results of the present manuscript included an example of the fundamentals of Quran-based Epistemology in the field of strategic decision-making. The connection of this field of knowledge with religious sciences, on the one hand, gives a better and deeper understanding and analysis of events and problems, and consequently a more appropriate action, gives strategic decision-makers, and on the other hand  underlies the production, processing, and development of the theory and knowledge of strategic decision-making of the Quran by researchers, and thus the presentation of specific applied models for strategic managers from the perspective of religious (Quranic) thoughts in research and development objectivity.ConclusionParadigms and models are realized in epistemic, historical, cultural, and social tools and contexts, and even in territorial and regional, and it is required to pay attention to their ecology. If progress is considered as an approach and style of life and specific life world that a school - for example, Islam - has provided for human perfection and life; in addition to inherent features embedded in this lifestyle, the situation of time and place should also be taken into account to implement it and then, an instance should be designed from that life-world and lifestyle so that it can be implemented in that situation of time and place. Accordingly, it is necessary to seriously modify the ideological and practical foundations of macro level decision makers as well as the educational and research system of the country in accordance with the requirements of an Iranian - Islamic culture to respond to the current strategic issues of the country and scientifically and practically update the academic textbooks in the field of strategic management (and particularly strategic decision making). Hence, while enjoying the achievements of today’s knowledge, the epistemic foundations of this knowledge should naturally be adopted from the Quranic teachings and the prophetic tradition - administrators and compatible with Iranian culture.

The characteristics of today's businesses have led managers to pay attention to their business from ecosystem point of view and this attention is increasing. Considering businesses from the business ecosystem point of view will lead to significant differences in comparison to considering a specific business and will transform analyses and actions from the individual level to the collective level. However, the prerequisite for any analysis or action in the field of ecosystems is to identify the characteristics of ecosystems. In order to specify the characteristics of business ecosystems and using Metasynthesis, published articles in four databases and specifically four reputable journals are reviewed and after evaluating and screening the articles, 54 articles are selected and carefully studied and the information obtained are combined and interpreted. According to the Metasynthesis results, the characteristics of ecosystems can be classified into five main characteristics including Structural Characteristics, Interactive Characteristics, Evolutionary Characteristics, Social Characteristics and Governance Characteristics that every characteristic includes sub-characteristics and concepts and all together make the framework of business ecosystems’ characteristics. These characteristics affect all dimensions of an ecosystem and comprehensive knowledge about them is a valuable guide for any research or action in ecosystems.

Decision-making plays a pivotal role in individual life, and this issue has garnered special attention from scholars. Theories in the field of decision-making are based on assumptions that stem from differences in ontological and epistemological foundations. Therefore, it is important to examine such a significant issue as decision-making by referring to Iranian-Islamic texts. The main goal of this study is to explore the contextual components of decision-making based on the thought of Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi. In this research, themes, concepts and categories related to the contextual components of decision-making, based on the thought of Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi, are identified through the study and analysis of Rumi's Masnavi Manavi. This study is exploratory and descriptive in nature and utilizes thematic analysis as its primary analytical method. In the descriptive coding stage, after continuous comparison of the data, 312 descriptive codes were presented. In the second stage (interpretive coding), a list of 43 interpretive codes was created. In the third stage, by bringing the categories closer together to explain the concepts, 11 overarching themes were expressed. The examination of contextual components affecting decision-making based on the thought of Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi can enrich the frameworks proposed in the field of decision-making.

This research aims to explore the impact of touch concepts and tactile descriptive adjectives on customers' purchase intentions in both physical and online shopping environments. While some products can be accurately perceived through digital media, others may require a tactile experience. In today's market, products are available through virtual and physical stores, where the sense of touch or tactile alternatives plays a crucial role. The study utilized a correlational method and focused on customers of online and physical stores in Tehran. A total of 332 participants were randomly selected from both populations, and data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings indicate that six key factors related to touch concepts, such as product understanding, physical touch, virtual touch, touch experiences, customer's need for touch, and tactile perceptions, positively and significantly influence customers' purchase intentions. A comparison of the coefficients between the two groups revealed that product understanding and touch experiences were similar, while physical touch and customer's need for touch were more pronounced in physical store customers, and virtual touch and tactile perceptions were more prominent in online customers. This study sheds light on the importance of product touch in both online and physical retail settings for enhancing customer satisfaction.

Digital transformation as a new environmental paradigm is rapidly changing the internal and external dimensions of the business environment. Traditional businesses face more challenges in this new technology-motivated situation. The complexity and high uncertainty of the business environment, the need for more knowledge and experience in transformation management, the high cost of technology adoption, and internal resistance to change are obstacles to decision-making for digital transformation in traditional industries like the fashion retail industry. Lack of information and knowledge of management for reinventing their business model and forming their digital transformation strategies require solutions. To manage the situation strategically, organization leaders need a conceptual model to design their thinking about the path of digital transformation, reduce the ambiguity in their strategic decision-making process, and reduce the waste of resources in their organizational digital transformation. The model would help the organization understand the strategy formation process in digital transformation.

This is an applied developmental study with a descriptive approach. This study developed a new conceptual model using the five-step method of the grounded theory literature review. In this research method, the findings of the existing studies are investigated using content analysis and open and axial coding in the fundamental theory method. The distinction of this method is the possibility of introducing a model and framework derived from the findings of previous studies, which ultimately led to the design of a conceptual model of strategy formation for the digital transformation of fashion retail.

By mining the existing body of literature, 36 studies were systematically screened, and based on content analysis and open and axial coding in a grounded theory approach to the articles' findings, 75 codes and 27 main categories were extracted. In the next stage, the categories were prioritized using the Shannon entropy technique based on the frequency of article codes. The final presented model has three main parts: drivers, dimensions, and consequences of strategy formation in the digital transformation of fashion retail.

Industrial digital transformation drivers include customer push for digitalization, pressure of competitors' progress, and supply chain push. Internal drivers are digital transformation leadership competency, employee readiness, digital technology capacity, financial expectancy, and strategic capacity for digital transformation. Digital technology penetration, sustainability, social and economic trends, and legal requirements are megatrends driving digital transformation. The customer push and the widespread influence of information technology in all aspects of human life are the most crucial drivers of the external environment. The organization's strategic capacity and technological infrastructure are essential internal drivers in forming a digital transformation strategy, which implies the necessity of digital acceptance in context and digital competency in the organization to start the transformation process. These drivers stimulate and direct the digital transformation process in the fashion retail organization. Organizations have no control over these drivers but need to know drivers and their dynamics for the strategy designing stage. The dimensions of digital transformation strategy in fashion retail organizations include customer experience, data and technology management, executive processes and operations redesigning, digital organization, employee experience, and digital supply chain management. Due to retail industry specifications, among the seven dimensions of the digital transformation strategy, customer digital experience, digital technology management, and data management need more investment and attention, and redesigning digital business models according to new opportunities and challenges should be considered. Organizations need strategy, plan, and budget to transform these dimensions.The consequences of digital transformation strategy formation in fashion retail organizations were also classified as value co-creation, financial performance improvement, competitive position and customer satisfaction, organization sustainability, smartness, and increasing efficiency and effectiveness. Although there are multiple consequences of digital transformation in retail organizations, The value co-creation between customers and the retail industry is an essential consequence resulting in emerging innovative products and services. Also, it will direct the fashion retail industry to join the sharing economy and circular economy in the future.

Since the Aaker brand personality model development in 1997, which was inspired by multi-factor models of human personality in psychology, a lot has been done to build value on that; however, little done to apply the other extant human personality-related concepts in psychology and psychiatry to brand personality. In this research, with the aim of developing the concept of brand personality quality (BPQ), using thematic analysis method, we applied related concepts in psychology and psychiatry. Our analysis resulted in 289 extracts out of 14 in-depth interviews with brand personality experts and other sources. Based on the results, we defined 8 BPQ conditions/classes (themes), 10 BPQ sub-conditions (sub-themes) and 230 features of BPQ conditions (codes). The final 8 BPQ conditions/classes are: positive; negative; two-sided; vivid; and pale brand personality; brand with no personality; brand personality difficulty; and brand personality disorder. The presented BPQ conditions/classes give practitioners a good view of their brand personality to improve or protect their brand personality. Furthermore, BPQ concept can be a basis for future studies.

Personality traits play a crucial role in shaping customer purchasing behavior. Cloninger's theory (1993) of temperament and character is a prominent framework in the field of psychology; yet, its application in marketing research has remained limited. Another significant construct in community psychology and marketing studies is cognitive dissonance, which examines post-purchase behavior. This study aimed to explore the impact of Cloninger's temperament dimensions on post-purchase cognitive dissonance, as well as the influence of customer involvement. The sample comprised 234 retail customers and the data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using AMOS 23. The findings revealed that the temperament dimensions of harm avoidance and persistence positively affected post-purchase cognitive dissonance, while reward dependence had a significant negative effect. No significant relationship was observed between novelty seeking and cognitive dissonance. Additionally, customer involvement was found to have a positive effect on post-purchase cognitive dissonance.

Digital transformation is rapidly changing apparel retail organizations. The high speed of new knowledge and the uncertainty of the fashion world do not allow organizations to make strategic plans, and force them to make strategic decisions in this field. Identifying and conceptualizing the drivers of strategic decisions for the digital transformation of apparel retail organizations is the primary goal of this research by using the multi-grounded theory research strategy. In the theoretical grounding stage, twenty-three international articles were selected and codes and concepts were extracted using the metanalysis method. In the experimental grounding stage, interviews were conducted with seventeen experts, and the codes and concepts extracted from the metanalysis stage were re-examined, redefined, and completed. Finally, by going back and forth and enriching the theory, the conceptual framework model of strategic decision-making drivers of digital transformation in Iran's apparel retail was designed. The results indicate that the drivers of strategic decisions for the digital transformation of apparel retail organizations are in seventeen concepts and four categories under the headings of "organizational drivers," industry and market pressure," "government infrastructure requirements," and "environmental macro trends." The economic pressure and the spread of information technology and bio-social changes from the environmental macro trends and the expectation of financial performance and digital infrastructure of the organization and the employees' pressure from the category of organizational drivers and customer pressure and the pressure of the competitive environment from the category of Industry and market pressure seem to have the most importancecompared to other concepts.

Medical tourism industry as a service industry needs to take measures including branding to attract and retain tourists. This study was conducted with the aim of improving branding in medical centers active in medical tourism, through the test of the brand citizenship behavior development model of employees, which was calculated from a qualitative research based on the Foundation Data Model.

The current field-survey research was conducted on a sample of 384 employees in contact with patients, 10 hospitals with admission departments for international patients in Tehran city, selected using convenience sampling method. The data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated with Cronbach’s alpha index and composite reliability, and its validity was evaluated using content validity and construct validity. Data analysis was done by structural equation modeling using SPSS 22 and Smart Pls 3 software.

All research hypotheses were confirmed, including the effect of causal categories in the three dimensions of organization, employee, and tourist on brand citizenship behavior, the effect of intervening and foundational categories on comprehensive marketing and branding planning except for organizational justice and social responsibility of the organization, the impact of brand citizenship behavior on the comprehensive planning of marketing and branding and finally the effect of brand citizenship behavior by mediation of comprehensive planning of marketing and branding on the consequences related to tourists, organizations, employees and extra-organizations. The evaluation of the structural part of the model and the relationship between the internal and external construct also indicated the optimal fit of the model.

Attracting the support of employees in the direction of extra-role behaviors that strengthen brand identity and benefit from its positive organizational and extra-organizational results, requires the attention of managers and relevant officials to various organizational, managerial, individual, etc. factors. Moreover, creating a strong brand in medical centers requires comprehensive planning to increase the participation of employees of these centers.

Religion is one of the most universal and influential social institutions that has a significant impact on attitudes, values and behaviors at both individual and social levels. Therefore, the purpose of this study is the effect of religious consciousness on the preference of domestic products: analysis of the Role of Ethnocentrism and Consumer Xenocentrism. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population consists of non-alcoholic drinkers in Sardasht, Piranshahr and Baneh city. Among this population, 333 people who were randomly selected responded to the electronic questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS and PLS. The results showed that religious consciousness has a positive and significant effect on domestic product preference and consumer ethnocentrism and a negative and significant effect on consumer Xenocentrism. Also, the effect of consumer ethnocentrism on the preference of domestic products was positive and meaningful and the effect of consumer Xenocentrism on the preference of domestic products was negative and significant. Finally, the results showed that religious consciousness through ethnocentrism and consumer Xenocentrism affects the preference of domestic products.

This study aimed to integrate existing knowledge in the field of startup failure factors and entrepreneurial strategies to avoid them and to form coherent interpretative solutions for reducing the high failure rate of startups.
This research was developmental and applied in terms of its aim and adopted a multiple qualitative approach. In this research, firstly, consecutive meta-synthesis of the findings of previous studies in two fields of startup failure factors and entrepreneurial strategies to avoid them were performed, and then interviews were conducted with 12 elite experts and entrepreneurs, and finally, upon theme analysis, the model and framework of interpretive findings were presented. Internal validity and internal reliability of the models were confirmed based on experts' evaluation by Cohen's kappa indices.
The comprehensive categorization model of startup failure factors in 7 overarching theme categories including team/human problem, product problem, wrong strategy, unfavorable market, financial problem, bad organization, and unfavorable environment were obtained from 23 organizing theme categories and 249 basic theme categories. Also, the solutions and strategies presented in the literature and interviews were extracted and the theme analysis of 122 basic categories yielded 20 sub-strategies and 5 main strategies to avoid the failure of startups, including synergistic team, credible product, agile management, effective cash flow, and Institutional facilitation, were identified for each comprehensive category of failure factors.
The most emphasized categories based on the frequency of unique themes in literature and interviews were: bad organization (bad management and wrong decisions, poor operations and processes, wrong time or place, bad commercialization), team/human problem (decreased motivation and perseverance, and deficiencies in team and human capital), product problem (product or technology problem, demand and customer not being valid, imitativeness and lack of advantage, intellectual property problem). The consolidation of the two research products, namely, the integrated model of failure factors and the framework of entrepreneurial strategies, showed that: a) the focus of strategies were on the same 3 category of team/human problem, bad organization, and product problem, however in a different order from the literature. b) the most emphasis of the studies was on flexibility and pivoting strategy, lean credible value, and synergistic team building, respectively. c) Contrastive matrix of strategies and failure factors showed the most emphasized correlations to be: 1- flexibility and pivoting strategy to avoid failure by bad organization, 2- complementary team strategy for overcoming the team/human problem, and 3- lean credible value strategy for avoiding the product problem.

Turbulence and environmental dynamics along with disruptive innovations have made the issue of initiative strategic change more important for companies. The role of organizational management in initiative strategic change has been the subject of numerous previous studies with scattered results. This study is to conduct a meta-study and categorize the factors introduced by previous research about the role of organizational management in initiative strategic changes. By providing this objective, more and more researchers can face the multi-dimensional phenomenon of change, and executives can better manage change. 

The philosophical basis of the current research is interpretative and its orientation is developmental. Also, the research approach is based on the induction of library studies that pursue descriptive-exploratory goals. To fulfill the purpose of the article, the systematic review method was chosen which is suitable for summarizing and creating a macro map of the research topic. Therefore, for Investigating the Role of Organizational Management in Implementing Initiative Strategic Changes, according to the systematic review protocol, the articles available in the period from 1990 to January 21, 2021, were reviewed. Finally, 57 articles were found to be eligible for review, the content of these 57 articles was carefully studied and the required data was collected. Finally, the thematic analysis method was used to analyze the mentioned data.

The systematic review divided the organization's management into three parts: the board of directors, the CEO, and the senior, middle, and operational management team. The role of the board of directors includes two components: "composition of the board of directors" and "centrality of the board of directors". The CEO's role comprises two components: "CEO's dignity and position in the organization" and "CEO's tendencies and attitudes". Also, based on the findings, the role of the "senior, middle and operational management team of the organization" has three components: "service compensation", "combination of the senior, middle and operational management team" and "dialectical feature of comparison and adaptation". Each of the mentioned components includes indicators that are mentioned in the text of the article. 

The growth and life of any organization depend on ensuring that its managers play the correct role in implementing strategies, especially Initiative strategic changes. This study sought to help organizations with achieving this confidence.  For this purpose, it systematically reviewed the role of organizational management in initiating strategic changes and creating an integrated view of the results of research in this field. Finally, by studying the current research, managers can play their role correctly in facing innovative strategic changes in the competitive world of business and lead their organizations to sustainable superior performance with transformative leadership. Also, the results of this article can be reviewed and criticized by all researchers interested in the field of strategic changes to create a safer path for managers of organizations.

The purpose of this article is to exploring the strategic approaches of innovation development for businesses that intend to have an acceptable position in the future of Iran's agriculture. In-depth interview with 12 selected experts, Delphi method and library document review were the methods of sampling and data analysis. The scope of the research is the entire agricultural sector of Iran.After extracting macro trends, innovation development strategies and specific innovations, by using strategic analysis tools, while extracting the most important environmental factors and the most important internal factors strategic positioning of Iranian businesses was done. Using the Simos method, the extracted strategies and innovations were ranked. The most important weakness of Iranian businesses was the lack of specialized and managerial knowledge and skills, and the most important strength was the possession of young and creative human resources. Widespread small ownership and immaturity of the innovation ecosystem in the agricultural sector were identified as the most important threats, and the richness of Iran's agricultural ecosystem, as well as the creative and educated human capital, were identified as the most important opportunities. Strategic cooperation for the development of applied innovations according to the maturity of the innovation ecosystem was the best strategy and internal commercialization of advanced innovations was identified as the weakest strategy. Innovations related to market efficiency and farm efficiency were identified as the most appropriate innovations and innovations related to advanced farms were identified as the most unsuitable innovations for the development of innovation in Iran's agricultural sector.

The touch of the product plays an important role in the final decision of the customer when purchasing from physical and online retail, and the sensations that come to be enjoyed through touch enable them to experience the product from all angles. Therefore, considering the importance of touch, this research has investigated the lived experience of touching the product from the point of view of customers of physical and online stores. The following article is done with qualitative method and phenomenological paradigm. The research community is made up of electronic and clothing buyers from online and physical stores: Technolife, Adak, Havadar and Happyland in Tehran, and through semi-structured interviews, evidence was collected based on the purposeful sampling method. The interviews continued until reaching the theoretical saturation, and in this research, the interviews reached saturation with 15 people. Based on the extracted results, the main themes include; Product perception is physical touch, virtual touch, touch experiences, need for touch and touch perceptions. According to the results, managers of physical and online stores should provide conditions (such as the use of modern technologies) that touch and contact with the product happen to both groups of online and physical buyers so that they can buy products based on their needs and wants, and also this research can pave the way for the development of touch literature for researchers.

The key role of B2B salesperson performance in the growth of sales organizations, the results of different levels of companies and the achievement of the activities of all functions of the organization is clear. The purpose of this study is to identify and explain the determinants of salesperson performance based on the perspective of service ecosystem. The research method is fundamental in terms of purpose and Grounded Theory method in terms of data collection method with a classical approach. The research community is the B2B sales experts of the country's food industry companies who have been selected using theoretical sampling. Research data was collected through in-depth interviews with 20 key sales managers and actors. After coding and analyzing the data, the determinants of salesperson performance in three levels of micro, meso and macro service ecosystem have been identified and classified, among which individual factors, salesperson stresses. Individual factors, co-operative factors, sales organization factors and organizational factors were the micro level factors of the service ecosystem. Characteristics of industry, sales actors, orientation between actors and sales methods of industry, determinants of middle level and finally community factors, family factors and macro variables of macro level factors were identified. Researchers, sales and marketing managers of companies by examining the results of this study can get acquainted with the determinants of salesperson performance at different levels of the service ecosystem and from it, to increase and improve salesperson performance, more effectively to use.

The present study sought to investigate the effect of marketing strategies on online shopping evaluation and explain the role of perceived risk, trust, and customer purchase intention.

This study is an applied-developmental one in terms of its objective and of survey type concerning its data collection method. The statistical population of this study consisted of the customers of Digikala website in Rasht who had purchased through this site at least once. Out of this population, a sample of 399 people was selected by convenience sampling. For data collection, a standardized 44-item questionnaire was designed. The validity of the questionnaire was verified by the experts and advisors and its reliability was also confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was above 0.7. In addition, the analysis of the obtained data and research hypothesis tests were carried out through descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS 22 and Amos 22 software.

Results showed that product marketing strategies have a significant impact on price and product quality risks. Online store marketing strategies have also a significant effect on quality risks but not on security risks. It was also found that product price risks and product quality risks have a significant impact on each other. It was also shown that product quality risks and quality risks have a significant impact on each other. In addition, price and product quality risks have a significant effect on customer trust in the product and quality and security risks have also a significant impact on customer trust in the store. However, customer trust in the product and store does not have a significant effect on online purchase intention. Finally, online purchase intention was found to have a significant effect on online shopping evaluation.