دکتر ابوالفضل حسن آبادی

The issue of bread and its shortage is one of the main factors of unrest during the Naseri and Mozaffari eras. Mashhad is one of the cities where bread riots occurred twice (in 1942 and 1945). This study focuses on a poetic manuscript about the bread crisis in Mashhad called "The Uprising of the People and the Honor of Modesty" (1942). Initially, the history of the bread crisis during the Qajar period is examined, followed by an analysis of the content of the manuscript, critique, and necessary explanations based on other sources. This research includes three main questions: the manuscript characteristics of the work in question, the most influential factors on bread riots during the Qajar period, and the informational value of the introduced manuscript. The research method involves library research, and the manuscript is reviewed for its manuscript characteristics and manuscript studies. The research findings indicate that this manuscript is the only poetic manuscript about bread riots in Iran. Some of the information it contains about the bread crisis in Mashhad is not found in other sources of this period and includes new information about the formation and spread of protests, the instigators, and the outcomes, making it possible to better analyze the different aspects of this event.

Titles are of the main yet under-researched issues in Qajar era. This study aimed to investigate the titles in Astan Quds Razavi and their relationship with seals in the organization in the Qajar era. Discussing such issues as the history of titles in Iran and Astan Quds Razavi in Qajar era, this study explored the relationship between titles and family seals, personal seals, and jobs and the reasons and ways the titles were produced. This study tried to fill the gap regarding the titles and their relationships with the seals and their functions in administrative parts. The results showed that following the formation and proliferation of some titles in the Qajar era, various titles began to be used in the administrative organizations of Astan Quds Razavi. The survived titles can be categorized into hereditary and non-hereditary under family, personal, and job titles. Titles are issued by the king, custodian and governor of Khorasan and their holders were bestowed, given the requested title, the occupational and financial prestige. Seemingly, there has been a direct relationship between the seal and the titles in Qajar era. Many of the title holders added the title to their seals as a criterion.

This article examines the content value of Hazin Lahiji's works based on its bibliographies and a comparative comparison with the available copies in the Astan Quds Razavi Manuscript Center. The purpose of this study is to validate the copies attributed to Hazin Lahiji's handwriting and introduction of his important books. So far, in identifying and correcting Hazin's books, this center's copies have been unused and some remain unknown. 

Research Method /Approach: 

Library-Analytical Research Method is attempted to consider the existing manuscript from the codicological point of view. Research questions are: What is the most important bibliography about Hazin and what are the characteristics? What are the codicological specifications of Hazin's books in the Astan Quds Razavi Manuscript Center? What is the importance of Hazin's books in knowing Hazin Research's and to what extent does it complete previous research?

Research Findings show that Hazin's handwriting which is known as Fehrest-e Mashayekh (List of elders) is the most important source available to introduce his works, although it does not include everything and it can be used to make the bibliographies more accurate. In addition to the list, fourteen examined manuscripts in this article have not been cited or used in other researches about Hazin. Some of these manuscripts are more important than printed books from codicological point of view, and three copies have not been published.

Offspring endowments are very important in securing the least financial needs of a family, protecting historical identity, and keeping alive family relations. Disagreement over electing the custodians and the way of spending the incomes have been among continuous problems of this type of endowment. This paper is going to study the way of electing custodians in the endowment of Sadri fort and the disagreement over electing and function of custodians based on the conditions of the donor. Having raised matters such as the importance of Offspring endowments and their functions; the history of the offspring endowment of Sadri fort of Qom and looking at the election and function of the custodians of the endowment, the paper will study the different aspects of the subject. The matter of custodianship in the offspring endowment of Sadri fort of Qom (Nosrat Abad) and the process of electing a custodian for this offspring endowment from the late years of the Qajar period up to now will be studied and researched, then matters such as the circumstances of executing the last will of the donor, disagreement between the children and the interference of other authorities in the endowment as an important and large type of offspring endowment in the country will be studied and researched. The most important questions of the paper are what reasons have affected electing the custodian of the offspring endowment of Sadri fort of Qom? Has the last will of the donor been executed? Was it possible adding between the two conditions of oldest and the worthiest or in case of having one condition or two conditions, was it possible to elect a custodian with the agreement of the heirs? To answer the questions, issues such as offspring endowments and their functions, a look at the history of the offspring endowment of Sadri fort, its custodianship and problems will be raised and answered in the paper. The Literature review of the subject shows that there is no paper on the offspring endowment of Sadri fort and its history, but some papers have been written on the offspring endowments including ''an analysis on the structure of the offspring endowments, case study: "offspring endowments of Razavi Sayyeds" (Sayyedi, 2001)1, " Razavi Sayyeds in Mashhad "(Hassan Abadi, 2009)2, chiefly focused on the Razavi Sayyeds and paid less attention to problems and difficulties of custodians and their actions. Meanwhile, a paper titled ''Ardabili Sadar al-Mamalik and the endowment of Nosrat Abad of Qom: Sadri fort ''(Mohseni, 2015)3 studied the history of endowments of Sadri fort generally and a paper titled ''the oldest or the worthiest: " A look on the circumstance of electing custodians of the endowment of Razavi Sayyeds'' (Hassan Abadi, 2009)4  which focused especially on the donor's conditions in the election of custodians and its effect on their election after donor by relying on the offspring endowment of Razavi Sayyeds, have a direct relation with the subject of this paper.

The method of this paper is a historical- documentary taking use of oral history. One of the features of the paper is using oral history and family documents as important sources in documenting the data of the paper and it is attempted to observe the standards of the use of the methods.

The finding and results of the paper show that the special offspring endowment of Sadri fort of Qom (Nosrat Abad) has a large expanse, suitable geographical position, and human resources, but family disputes on the election of common custodians, the circumstance of using the endowment, the incompetence of the custodian of every part (their common parts), lack of effective supervising role on the part of the related governmental organizations (according to laws) caused the endowment not having a worthy situation among other large offspring endowments in the country. Having a common custodian for endowment and setting the condition of being oldest and worthiest in the election of custodianship by Ardabili Sadr al-Mamalik has caused a dispute over choosing suitable persons and in different periods has caused the interference of government authorities and taking fatva from religious authorities. It seems that according to the current conditions and new management theories, creating an up-to-date and strong management structure can greatly help the growth and development, and productivity of this endowment. For this purpose, it has been suggested that the people of each main branch and its sub-branches be present in this endowment, to follow up and create a "general family assembly". The assembly can investigate two essential works. First, after the death and resignation (by every cause) of every custodian, the assembly can choose the oldest and merited person and recommend him/her to Vaqf Organization to get a custodianship order. Another important work is to appoint persons from the family to accompany the elected custodian in doing the affairs of the large offspring endowment of Sadri fort of Qom and helping him in this critical work. Of course, supervising the custodian's works and his assistants is one of the tasks of the general assembly.

Mohammad Ibrahim Bastani Parizi, the son of Haj Akhund Parizi, was born on the 3rd of Day 1304 SH.. He completed his education in Tehran. He received his Phd. degree by translating Ibn Athir's pre-Islamic section as a doctoral dissertation (Bastani Parizi, 1366, 4). Bastani’s period of life began in earlier years of the first Pahlavi and continued until the fall of Pahlavi and the years after the Islamic Revolution. Certainly, the profound political, social and cultural events that took place in Iranian society during these years have greatly influenced his typeand style of writing . Finally, he died on Tuesday, 5th of Farvardin, 1393, at the age of 89. At the age of 20, he wrote his first book, The Prophet of Thieves, which has been reprinted 17 times. He has written about 1000 articles and his collection of books has reached 63 so far, 13 of which are in Kerman.

The present research is in the line of theoretical researches and is from the branch of historical researches which has been done by using the library method and taking notes of Writings and books bastani parizi and some contemporary historical texts. Assuming that Parizi pays attention to women as an influential element in historical events and has portrayed the image of them in social life as a free and independent human being with a special status in his works; so in this research we are faced with this main question that how is the position of women in Parizi’s works? In answer to this question, the main hypothesis is that Bastani Parizi has had a positive view of women in the history of Iran, contrary to the usual practice. The purpose of this article is to examine the status of women's historiography in Parizi works. The importance and necessity of addressing this issue is the lack of historiography about women as a new matter in historiography. Historical research in the field of social life, especially that of women, is one of the most overlooked topics of historical studies in Iran. Lack of attention to this issue in historiography is one of the difficulties that make researchers doubt to enter this field. Of course, some efforts have been made, but they are not enough, e.g.: Ms. Simin Fassihi's article, entitled "From the History of Elite Men to the History of the Forgotten Women: Causes of Delay in the Emergence of Women's Historiography" in which the reasons for the general neglect of historiographical schools (political, cultural, social) on the subject of women on the one hand and women's awareness of their rights and on the other The focus of these rights on the emergence of feminist movements has been addressed. Ms. Rostami's article entitled "Woman-centered reading in the history of Beyhaqi and Samak Ayar". She deals with the social discourse in these historical works in which women have grown up, shone or been suppressed. Also an article entitled "Women's image in the history of Jahangosha Jovini" by Mohammad Alipour, which surveys the position and image of women in this book, the role of women in the political and cultural issues of the time and how women reached social status and civil rights. Of course, Reza Baraheni wrote "Male History" in 1348 SH. he emphasized that "weakening the female sex is a made up by patriarchy" (Baraheni, 1982, 172). Although the work was written half a century ago, it is still necessary to express the overlooking history of women's in women's researches. Therefore, in this study, By examining the works of Parizi as a historian with historiography in a special way, which has paid more attention to this topic, than other contemporary historians, an attempt has been made to study and reflect the role of women in his works. Bastani Parizi has considered the social life of women in both cultural and family activities. The role of women in many political events from Parizi’s perspective is considered as the footprint of women in history. The economic position of women with land ownership and economic endowments has attracted Parizi’s attention.

The identity of each nation is made up of a set of specific and functional realities, which have been formed throughout the history of each nation. Among the most prominent elements of identity: common language and geography, religion and beliefs, etc., are among the items that are considered in historiography, and when historiography pays attention to a certain group, these identity factors show themselves more. (Sabzianpour, 2016, 77) Women's historiography is a special method in historiography in which the Parizi has distinguished himself from other historians of all times by including female gender in history analysis. Women's historiography in Iran is more limited to exploring documents, memoirs, women's notes and descriptions of their activities in history, and less to the methods and criteria of women's historiography and the use of gender in the analysis of women's history (Fassihi, 2009, 45). Bastani Parizi has written and analyzed historical events with a different perspective on the influence of women in history.The writing of Parizi's first article entitled "It is the fault of men, not women" in Tir 1321, which was published in Kerman Awakening newspaper, coincided with the change of conditions and the promotion of women to leave the traditional life that had begun since the beginning of the first Pahlavi period. And it continued until the second Pahlavi period. One of the slogans of that period was this change of attitude towards women. Although the works that emerged in this field show authors concern of women and its issues, express the real view of the authority towards women . However, this movement was formed only to gain prestige in the world community and to move towards modernism and modernization, and to gain legitimacy in accordance with the requirements of the times. It must be acknowledged, of course, that the role of women in Parizi’s works was written concerned to the deprivations, restrictions, and realization of women's rights and demands, something that was rare in the works of the time. Girl's castles are among the buildings that are usually built in impassable areas and no one is sure about their construction and secrets. Bastani Parizi in the book of Khatoon Haft Qala pays special attention to these castles, including Dokhtar Castle in Kuhbanan (Modarressi, 2012, 224 and 230)

Women's historiography is a special method of historiography in which Parizi, by entering female gender topic in the analysis of history, have distinguished his historiography from women historians close to but different from other contemporary historians. What can be deduced from the position of women in Parizi’s works is that the good and positive image of women is superior to its negative. Due to, women are not always and everywhere the same, and Parizi is not expected to hide anything contrary to what is in the nature of a person or society, In general the writer believes that: first, although compared to other historians of his time Parizi in his historiography has shown more attention to women, the status of women has not been considered as much as their service and position and importance in society. Secondly, his attention is the result of the conditions of the time, his spiritual and educational condition, the conditions of his private life and what had happened to his relationship with women, as well as what he had learned from it has given him a total perception the same as what can be clearly seen in his works.The presence of women in social position, such as participation in charity affairs, based on endowment is emphasized. In addition to the role of women in the society their cultural roles are also been surveyed.  Bastani Parizi in many political events has sought the role of women as behind-the-scenes and also motivating factors of men in their important political decisions. Women are considered as uncrowned kings in his works. He also  had studied and analyzed the presence of women alongside men in military incidents and wars.

Munshāt (compositions) is considered as one of the important historical sources in the Qajar period. One of the significant historical junctures in the Qajar period was the outbreak of two wars between Iran and Russia. In this research, the newly-found sources called transcripts of the letters of Crown Prince Abbās Mīrzā are examined. The purpose of this study is to examine the information values ​​of the content of the introduced compositions about the second period of the Iran-Russia wars. In this study, while categorizing and specifying the content of the letters in question, some of its important information features are also taken into consideration. The importance of these compositions is because they contain the very documents and letters related to various topics about the second period of the Iran-Russia wars that have remained unused so far.

Research Method/Approach: 

The research method is library and by examining the codicology and studying the manuscript of the work, an attempt is made to survey the different aspects of the subject by raising such questions as: What are the information values ​​of the sources? What is the significance of the information of Qā’m Maqām Farahānī’s munshāt concerning the Iran-Russia wars? And what are the information values ​​of the newly-found munshāt? Besides, to further emphasize the importance of the munshāt and the novelty of its content, it is compared with other munshāt as well.

The findings and conclusions of the research show that this 128-page copy contains 103 letters, of which 54 letters are related to Iran and Russia, 12 letters concern Iran-Ottoman relations, 6 letters concern Iran and Britain, 3 letters are related to Austria, 4 decrees from Fatḥ ‘Alī Shāh, and one letter to France, and 23 miscellaneous letters with various domestic content. These letters are somehow a complement to the three volumes of Qā’im Maqām’s letters that were published by Jahāngīr Qā’im Maqāmī. 54 documents examined in these compositions include correspondence of 8 different representatives of the Russian government in various administrative positions with Abbās Mīrzā and other members of the court. So far, the historical documents and letters introduced in Persian research projects wars have not been used about the second period of Iran-Russia. The content of these compositions is highly important compared with other contemporary compositions, such as the state of political relations between Iran and Russia, the confrontation between the representatives of the two sides in the war, the issues and problems of the regions involved in the war, Iran-Ottoman relations, border skirmishes, and some social issues in the conflict regions.

Local historiography is the third most popular type of historiography, after serial and general histories, which refers to the recording of historical events within a single place. This article examines some of the components of local historiography in the works of Bastani Parizi. He had a special attachment to Kerman and his hometown, Pariz. In all his works, he has dealt with the history of this region and all the ups and downs of its events and happenings. In this article, the two main questions are: what are the characteristics of the local historiography of Bastani Parizi and what are the components of the ancient local historiography of Parizi?  This is an analytical- descriptive research examining available library resources. Proverbs, poems, slang, careful attention to the names of cities, villages and settlements, and quoting oral memoirs in the writing of history are among the most important features of the local historiography of this author. He is also one of the few local writers who has used the combined method of local and longitudinal historiography in his local historiography.

Oral history is one of the tools for collecting, organizing and informing knowledge and documenting organizational history in the world, and many organizations and institutions undertake oral history projects.in this article, in addition to dealing with oral history and its functions, memory and organizational history and its components are also defined. The most important research questions are organizational memory and what is organizational history? What are the functions of oral history in documenting organizational history and memory? And what are the disadvantages of research done in Iran in the field of memory and organizational history? the research method is library and an attempt has been made to use external and internal research in writing the article. Research findings show that the use of oral history in recent years has been seriously used in documenting organizational history However, in the methodology of using oral history in projects related to organizational history and memory, certain standards have not been observed, and at the same time, the components related to these two, such as organizational knowledge and organizational culture, have not been properly defined. And it is necessary to act methodically while observing the general standards of oral history, especially in these fields.

To analyze the content of four important monsha’ats [منشآت] (col-lections of writings, in particular official letters) of the time of Sultan Hussein Bāyqarā (1438-1506), the Timurid prince. A newly found manuscript of Manshaol-Enshaa’ is examined against three other copies of the work. Contents of the four manuscripts were compared in order to explore authenticity of each.Findings and Mansha ol-Enshaa’ is an important Timurid source for the literary and historical research. The newly found manuscript is the most complete.

Family history is one of the subjects that is considered less than other subjects. Researching this subject, which has a history of using important and religious families in the holy shrine of Imam Reza by inheritance is of major importance and presents valuable information.

In this article, it is studied the Holy Shrine of Imām Reżā(AS) as one of the largest centers of family history in the world and its importance as a major spiritual component in the city of Mashhad. By discussing topics such as the history of the post of the service in the administrating of the Holy Shrine, the importance of family histories, the interaction between family histories and to service in the shrine as an influential component in the spiritual identity of Mashhad and the necessary measures to document the family history of the Shrine, it is tried to examine various aspects of the subject.

The research methodology is a library and archive one, in which, Persian and non-Persian references and sources and the related documents were used.

The results of the research show that many families have worked as the ḵādem, over several generations in the Shrine of Imām Reżā (AS) in various positions, such as ḵādem ( servant), farrāš (footmen), and darbān (doorkeepers) and their records of service are available at the Ᾱstān Quds Documents Center. Examining these documents and conducting oral history interviews by the Family Studies Unit, while documenting the old Shrine's families, can provide the context to introduce the identity of the service at the shrine of Imām Reżā(AS) as one of the main components of Rażavī Ideal Utopia

Local history, as one of the areas of interdisciplinary studies in historical research, is of utmost importance. Due to its multi-dimensional nature, it can be useful in investigating the Islamic Revolution. The present paper studies the factors affecting the local historiography of the Islamic Revolution. At first, components such as local historians, historians of the Islamic Revolution, grounds for local historiography and centers involved in the historiography of the Revolution are expounded. Then, some examples are provided to explain each factor's various aspects. The research method used for conducting this paper is library. The paper is based on questions set based on the components of local history. The research is of significance as there has been no previous research in this area. The findings suggest that local historiography of Islamic Revolution is not consistent with the standards of local history. Researches conducted in the area have been influenced by the research centers' tastes, interests and different needs. The research also underlines the need for attention to the local historiography of the Islamic Revolution and observing the written standards based on the explained factors

The formation and development of oral history in Iran came to the fore due to the victory of the Islamic revolution and outbreak of war. Many oral history centers in Iran have been established focusing on these two issues, and most oral history interviews have been conducted about these two topics. Oral history centers in Iran are more interested in publication of oral history interviews rather than archiving them. This article examines the status of editing in the presentation of oral history of the Islamic Revolution in Iran. The questions of the present study are:What are the elements of a good editing in oral history?
What are the different types of editing in oral history of the Islamic Revolution?
What are the characteristics of editing in oral history of the Islamic Revolution?
What are the ways of standardization of the editing method of oral history of the Islamic Revolution?
The article's approach is analytical and critical. Attempts have been made to review the books written on the basis of oral history interviews in Iran to study the editing methodologies used in these books and find out their structural components. Moreover, by identifying the weak and strong points of these methods, some suggestions are made regarding the characteristics good editing in oral history to improve further studies. The findings of the research indicate that there are no specific standards in the field of compilation of oral history of Islamic Revolution, and personal tastes and organizational policies are the most important elements for compilation.

In this article، the indexes of local historiography of Khurāsān in the contemporary era are examined. These indexes are explained in three components of the historian، the subject، and the publication. The quantity statistics and quality analysis are used in order to explain the components. The compiled statistics are prepared by library and archive method and on the basis of the information available in bibliographical databases and bibliographies. The importance of this research is that the local historiography of Khrāsān in the contemporary era has not been addressed so far with the explained components and only thematic monographies concerning books and some of the political and social topics have received attention. The research findings indicate that three factors of Astan Quds Razavi، Mashhad، and the historical identity of Khurāsān along with some events such as the Islamic Revolution and the imposed war have had direct impacts on the defined indexes.

Local archives are among the main sources of information in historical researches and the rate of richness of these archives has a direct relation with the growth of historical researches in a region. First in this paper, a definition of local history and its different aspects has been presented. In continue by choosing the world war II as an archival case of study, we proceed the station of local archives and their documental value in historical events with the view of the existent documents in the center of the documents from Astan-e Qods-s Razavi of world war II. The value of this matter is for this reason that which the pivotal role of local archival documents and the role of archives in documentation and the production of historical resources has been considered less from ever now. The results of this article can be used as an emphasis of the necessity of multilateral views to archival documents with the insistence in local and regional viewpoints.

The purpose of this research is to study one of the financial terms used in the Safavid Era based on the content of records kept in the Documents Center of Astan Quds Razavi and to assess the information value of these records. So far، there has not been any independent research on allowance (Vazifeh) in the Safavid Era. This research aims to particularly study the paying of allowance to children and the elderly using the information of records in Astan Quds which are about financial payments to different people. Methodology/Approach: This research is based on information in records. Various aspects of the importance of records are shown by explaining their features. Library resources are also used to confirm or reject the information in records. Findings/ The findings of this research show that previously only the general aspects of allowances were discussed and details such as the reasons for paying allowances، how they were paid and their amount was not studied. This study makes us familiar with records about a specific type of allowance and new viewpoints about financial terms of the Safavid Era. It also paves the way for further research in this field.

Although there are valuable research sources such as manuscripts and itineraries from the Safavid era, which is one of the most important dynasties of Iran, there is a lack of records, which are key sources for historical research. These records have mostly been destroyed; therefore, most of the present studies are based on other historical sources. Due to lack of sources in the administrative, economical, and social fields, only a small amount of research has been done. The Safavid era records in the central library of Astane Ghods are considered to be among the most valuable and most unique records from this era. They have great informational value in social, economic, religious, and political issues. The following study is about “Soyurghal” which is one of the important financial terms in the Safavid era. After a brief study of previous research, the Information in the Soyurghal records of the Astane Ghodse Razavi record center has been classified according to content and importance of subject.