مقالات رزومه سعیده الهی دوست

Obesity is a prevalent nutritional disorder found in all countries and is closely associated with various common diseases. The media lifestyle plays a significant role in influencing obesity. This study aims to explore the factors associated with the formation of media lifestyle and their impact on obesity among adolescents.

This qualitative research employed a phenomenological approach based on the Claizian analysis model. The study participants consisted of 10 overweight and obese girl students aged 10-14, voluntarily selected in 2022. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted, recorded, and analyzed.

The analysis of interviews revealed three main categories, including “neglecting attention to a healthy lifestyle”, “changing attitudes toward a healthy lifestyle”, and “media identity”. “Neglecting attention to a healthy lifestyle” encompasses concepts such as media consumption, planning, mental disorders, sleep patterns, eating habits influenced by media, mobility, and media distractions. Within the “changing attitudes toward a healthy lifestyle” category, concepts related to emotions, interests, and nutrition emerged. “Media identity” encompasses personal cell phone usage and heavy reliance on media.

The study sheds light on the intricate relationship between media lifestyle, neglect of healthy practices, and shifts in attitudes toward a healthy lifestyle. These factors, combined with the development of a unique media identity among teenagers, hinder their focus on various aspects of well-being. Notably, obesity stands out as one of the consequences of this multifaceted interplay. Policymakers aiming to promote health and prevent obesity should prioritize addressing media influences.

Obesity is one of the chronic diseases and health problems in all countries, which is related to behavioral factors. New studies show that food consumption and lifestyle patterns that lead to obesity are largely influenced by factors such as social networks, communication with family and friends, media, etc.

Methods and Materials: 

In this review article, to find documents related to the topic of the article, the author systematically reviewed the published background on the factors affecting obesity and the methods used in weight loss, and related studies in PubMed, Medline, Elsevier, google scholar IranDoc, Magiran, SID were used using related keywords such as: obesity, overweight, effective factors, in Farsi and obesity, overweight, determinant in English.

The results of the review of various published studies show that the behavioral factors affecting obesity are divided into three levels: individual, family and social. Effective factors at the individual level include religious beliefs, lifestyle, media and game consumption, education level, and food attitude. At the family level, it includes mother's employment, social support and family. At the community level, it includes social networks, modern culture, capitalism, school, physical environment of society, network of social relations and friends, social comparison, social class and social welfare. Strategies to control social factors affecting obesity at three individual levels (health belief-behavior model), family level (family-centered therapy, lifestyle modification in a health-oriented way) and community level (health-oriented space creation and advertising, community action, network-mediated control social activities, health promotion program, media and health culture, culture-oriented control measures and social marketing method).

According to the results, knowing the factors affecting obesity and using methods to control them is an effective solution in reducing overweight and obesity in the individual and social dimension.

The correct definition of gender roles in societies and appropriate to female and male characteristics is one of the effective factors in family consolidation. Gender roles in different societies are derived from the culture and religion of that society, since the Qur’an is one of the original sources of our culture, it should be referred to for a proper understanding and definition of gender roles. In this article, by referring to the verses of the Quran and existing interpretations, it compares and evaluates gender roles according to the two Quranic models of Prophet Moses (pbuh) and Prophet Mary (pbuh). The current research has been done with qualitative method and documentary and theoretical analysis. The results show that the models of men and women in the Qur’an are the same in terms of human affairs and closeness to God, but prophecy and mission, meaning the leadership of society, are the responsibility of men. Both Qur’anic models, including the pious and close to God’s door, have been trained by God’s prophets in a period of their lives. Both have divine miracles, one is a shining hand and a cane, and the other is a child who speaks in the cradle. Both call to God Almighty and ask God for help during hardships. The special role that is listed for Maryam (pbuh) is the mother of the divine prophet, and the special role of Prophet Moses (pbuh) is his prophethood and mission. The feeling that is considered for Maryam (S) is the worry and fear of her chastity being violated. In the case of Prophet Moses (pbuh), the feelings of fear and anger, fear of Pharaoh’s denial, as well as fear of deceiving people by sorcerers and anger at seeing his people go astray, have been mentioned.

This article tries to figure out how culture and values affect breastfeeding. This effect based on mother experiences and social support. The method employed in this study is qualitative methods based on purposive sampling of 37 health workers and mothers who were interviewed in-depth, semi-structured. Data which has been obtained from interviewed, are described and analyzed by in-depth semi structured method. The findings show that there are three kinds of social support including “emotional support”, “informational support” and “instrumental support”. Emotional support including “loving relationship between husband and wife”, “understanding mother's needs and husband`s helping and family`s helping”. Informational support including “lactation education during pregnancy and after delivery” “is informed by health centers, doctors and lactation counselor”. Instrumental support includes “compliance of lactation laws”, “supply financial needs of mother working”.

Nowadays women are increasingly participating in economic activities in Iran. This has attracted a lot of attention, so some people consider its positive aspects and put emphasis on more engagement of women in different areas, while others consider its negative aspects and speak about the conflict between satisfactory performance at both job and family at the same time. Almost all of the surveys carried out about the counter relationship between job and family showed that the so called conflict can have negative influences on the quality of occupational and family lives, reducing therefore the individual satisfaction with life, increasing occupational and family problems, and resulting in depression and poor health. But in some of the studies, the focus has been on the importance of role reproduction and its positive influences on improving women's physical and mental conditions. Durkheim believes that "women's engagement in work increase their sense of independence, self-confidence and hopefulness, and help them to know themselves as useful and beneficial members of the society, strengthening therefore their solidarity with other members of the family". Given these different ideas, it seems that women's occupation is a controversial issue. Also, we should consider different individual, family and social dimensions of this problem, because occupation is a human phenomenon with various aspects. This study addresses the experiences of married female managers in Isfahan City to see what their experiences are with regard to occupation. This study uses phenomenology approach that is a qualitative method. In this viewpoint, we try to find the relationship between individual knowledge and social life. On this basis, a phenomenologist seeks to understand how human knowledge is present in social interactions, social status and social world. The Phenomenological method aims at understanding meaningful and deep layers of lived experiences of research subjects about a concept or phenomenon. In this regard, we interviewed 10 female managers of Isfahan City to understand what problems and challenges they experience as a result of performing job and family roles at the same time. Because the management is beyond a fulltime job and requires special skills in professional, individual and social contexts, and because the married women have obligations like being a wife or a mother, and in some of the cases there are interferes between their maternal and family functions, thus the sample consists of 10 female married managers with at least one child. In most phenomenological studies, the sample has been less than 10 subjects. The sampling method was purposeful and was carried out on a snowball basis. After 10 interviews we reached at data saturation. The data was analyzed using Collizzi's 7-step method. Discussion of Results & Overall, 118 codes were extracted after clustering, assimilating repeatable codes and forming new categorization. This formulated meanings were categorized in the bunches of topics, which in this study are recognized as conceptions (descriptive codes) or codes that are closer to the terms used by research subjects. After this step, all of the resultant ideas were integrated in the frame of a detailed description from underlying phenomenon (appendix to title of interpretative codes). At this step, 28 interpretative codes were extracted that were compacted into 10 interpretative codes. Finally, interpretative codes were reduced to 3 explanative (making clear) codes. Obtained Results and codes, in three descriptive (primary coding), interpretative (intensive coding) and explanative levels rely on women's experiences regarding occupational management in three levels of individual, social and family. In other words, using explanative codes, we could categorize these experiences in three areas of individual life, individual experience from family life and individual experiences from social and occupational life. Subject experiences from individual life is an explanative code, which, at interpretative level, is consisted of health status, subject personality, individual point of views and sports. The explanative code of subject experiences from family life is formed from interpretative codes of maternal role, housekeeping role, and partner role and power distribution in the family. Explanative code of subject experiences from social and occupational life explains their experiences during occupation and is constituted from interpretative codes of occupational motivation and job satisfaction. This study provides profound information about the subject's experiences with occupation. In comparison and summing up the experiences that are clustered in three mentioned areas with different levels, we encounter two different situations. In fact, one of them is subject's experience with occupational effects that increase their satisfaction with life, and the other is occupational effects that create contrast between job and family roles. Following subject's experiences in this context showed that having a job outside the home creates some problems such as anxiety about wellbeing of the children, mental and physical tiredness, lack of time for study at the university, facing massive home choirs with little rest, stress, feeling of being indebted to the family and so on. On the other hand, being employed as a manager has positive influences on different aspects of individual, social and family life. Some of the advantages, according to research subjects, are increasing self-confidence, diversification of life experiences and social relations, giving advice to husband, more interpersonal understanding, financial independence, satisfying personal needs, creating good spirit and mood, positive effects for society and so on. Other findings of the study show that the contrast between job and family is more acute when the subject has no ability or control over her occupation out of the house. In another words, when she cannot create a kind of coordination between the two dimensions. The participants believe that a way for solving the conflict between job and family is to have a schedule for tasks and responsibilities. If the subjects have the ability to make equilibrium between responsibilities and tasks in family and occupational life, and avoid any conflict in this regard, then it has positive effects in their lives. Some of the effects of this successful balance are: decreasing occupational stress, improving occupational performance, increasing matrimonial satisfaction, increasing the quality and quantity of the relationship with spouse, increasing life satisfaction, spirit and meaning in life, better relationship with children and relatives, increasing the quality of performing duties of the house and decreasing physical illness. Participant's experiences show that women can perform several roles simultaneously if they develop their capacities and abilities, and when they are doing two or three roles altogether, they can increase their strength and capabilities.

Despite the decrease in rates of contagious diseases in today’s world compared to the past، the rates of non-contagious diseases and different types of cancer is constantly increasing. Various research show that breastfeeding is an important factor in preventing many diseases. Thus، promoting feeding infants with breast milk can immune mothers and children against many chronic diseases. Exclusive breastfeeding has not satisfactorily reached its goals in the country in recent years. Since breastfeeding is closely connected to social and cultural constructs، identifying factors influencing it will involve studying social backgrounds underlying it. In other words، identifying sociocultural models which influence breastfeeding infants will provide an efficient means to promote breastfeeding. The present study employed a qualitative design and a demographic method. The 37 subjects were chosen through purposive sampling and had semi-structured in-depth interviews. The findings were marked into 365 open codes، 68 axial codes and 10 selective codes، and included the following: personal factors impacting breastfeeding، cultural factors impacting breastfeeding and socioeconomic factors impacting breastfeeding. The findings revealed that the most important factors impacting breastfeeding in mothers included psychological factors of motherhood، the mother’s awareness and preparedness، the mother’s beliefs، and social support. The findings also suggested that although bio-physical factors impacted breastfeeding، they were themselves influenced by maternal emotions، the mother’s calmness and confidence، and her beliefs. The mother’s beliefs is in turn under the influence of the network of social relationships، including the person’s family، and the family has still retained its determining role in individual beliefs and behaviors. Breastfeeding is thus viewed as a social value. Moreover، social support of others، including one’s mother، husband، doctor and medical staff، greatly influence the process of breastfeeding infants. In the case of working mothers، support from others and awareness of rules of breastfeeding are also important in addition to the factors mentioned.