دکتر معصومه سعیدی
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Journal of Pediatric Perspectives, Volume:9 Issue: 85, Jan 2021, PP 12843 -12854
Background :
Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a recently evolving public health problem. This study aimed to establish home care system for patients with acute respiratory infections in treatment centers and hospitals covered by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Materials and MethodsIn this pilot study, which was done as cross-sectional design from February 29, 2020 until May 4, 2020, all the patients with acute respiratory infections suspected of corona and referred to centers of health comprehensive services and outpatient clinics of Mashhad, Iran (referral level 1), were assessed based on protocol developed by Ministry of Health. Then, patients who do not need hospitalization services based on diagnosis of specialized health care team were referred home by prescription of medication and self-care training (home quarantine). Afterward, the required information based on care need, improving and thoroughly improved along with patient home visit and follow-up calling were implemented by physician. In the last phase, patients’ and their families’ satisfaction regarding health care team was assessed by a researcher-made questionnaire.
ResultsIn this pilot study, 200 patients (men: 62.9%) with Covid-19 underwent home quarantine and care and treatment by a specialized treatment team comprised of physician, nurses, and psychologist and health experts. The findings showed that 84.5% of patients and family had partial satisfaction regarding the way of treatment of the health care team. Satisfaction on explanations provided regarding disease, diagnosis, and treatment method in 68% of patients was full satisfaction.
Conclusion:
Home quarantine decreases stress and fear in patients and their family and prevents social labelling for these individuals. Patients were highly satisfied regarding being cared for in their home and by family members.
Keywords: COVID-19, Home care, Iran, Treatment -
Journal of Pediatric Perspectives, Volume:8 Issue: 84, Dec 2020, PP 12619 -12628Background
Covid-19 is known to be diagnosed with clinical manifestations such as dry mouth, fever, respiratory distress, fatigue and tiredness, decreased leukocyte, and pneumonia evidence on CT- scan. We aimed to investigate the clinical symptoms of hospitalized patients with and without Covid-19 to develop the required clinical information.
Materials and MethodsA retrospective descriptive study was conducted in 200 patients suspected of having Covid-19 infection hospitalized in Imam Reza hospital, one of the Referral Hospitals for Covid-19 patients, Mashhad, Iran. Patients’ records were reviewed for demographics and clinical symptoms, and the results of laboratory tests over January and February 2020 were reviewed. The admission criterion was definitive Corona virus infection diagnosis, and the exclusion criteria were suffering from viral hepatitis, chronic liver disease, and liver malignancies. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.
ResultsThe prevalence of Covid-19 was revealed to be 75% among the suspected patients (71.1% in women and 77.4% in men). The average age of Covid-19 patients was 55.06± 17.23, and the average hospitalization period of Covid-19 patients was 8.22± 5.81 days. The most prevalent symptom among Covid-19 patients was fever and cold symptoms (65%), respiratory complications (17.5%), and fever (6%). The most significant laboratory findings regarding Covid-19 patients were their high NET, LDH, and CRP levels.
ConclusionThe prevalence of Covid-19 was revealed to be 77.4% among the suspected patients. The average age of Covid-19 patients was 55.06± 17.23 years. Based on the results, laboratory parameters are not sufficient for Covid-19 diagnosis due to their low sensitivity and indication, but can improve the value and diagnostic aspects of the disease if used accompanied by CT- scan.
Keywords: Iran, COVID-19, Clinical Parameters, Prevalence -
Journal of Pediatric Perspectives, Volume:8 Issue: 82, Oct 2020, PP 12223 -12233
Telemedicine refers to a kind of treatment in which all medical interventions, diagnoses, treatment decisions, and recommendations are made using the patient’s data, documents, and other information transmitted through telecommunication systems. Telemedicine might run between one patient and one physician or one patient and several physicians, including other healthcare specialists. Telemedicine and E-Health have brought about great advantages to the current healthcare systems. Healthcare services are provided comprehensively through these innovative technologies. However, there are plenty of legal, ethical, security, and confidentiality concerns regarding a patient’s medical information. These concerns cause a series of complications for the patient, the medical team, and healthcare service providing systems, among which the disclosure of medical records can be mentioned, which might result in all types of discriminations, accusations, and violation of the patient’s basic rights. The present study reviews some ethical issues in the field of telemedicine.
Keywords: Benefits, Telemedicine, Ethics, Review -
The Status of Providing Feedback in Clinical Education from the Perspective of Medical Students in Pediatric Department of Bushehr University of Medical Services, Bushehr, IranJournal of Pediatric Perspectives, Volume:8 Issue: 74, Feb 2020, PP 10975 -10984Background
Clinical education is the foundation of medical science education and one of the most important criteria of professional education, which plays an important role in consolidating students’ learned materials. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the views of general medical students on the provision of feedback in clinical education in the pediatric department.
Materials and MethodsThe present cross-sectional study was performed in the Pediatric Department of Shohadaye- Khalije-Fars Educational Hospital of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Conesus sampling was used to select 58 general medical students spending their internship and apprenticeship in the Pediatric department. Data collection was carried out using baseline characteristics and the standard 21-item feedback questionnaire. Medical students were asked to indicate the importance of the feedback they received during their clinical education in the pediatric department on four-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.0.
Results58 general medical students of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences participated in the present study. Twenty-eight (48.2%) of the general medical students were interns, 30 (51.8%) were apprentices, and 35 were female participants (n=60%). Most of the students believed that feedback was as expected (50.1 7%), clear (43.1%), fair (36.2%), and useful in correcting their attitude (44.8%), performance (46.6%), and behavior (39.7%). Majority of the participants received positive feedback (65.5%). Apart from propositions items 20, 10, 8, and 4, majority of medical students have selected "Often" as an option to answer the remaining statements. Conclusion More than half of the general medical students were satisfied with the feedback they received during their clinical education in Pediatric department.
Keywords: Feedback, Clinical training, medical students, Pediatric Department -
IntroductionFeedback is a conscious, unbiased, and objective evaluation of performance in order to improve clinical skills, not to assess students' personal talents and values. This study aims to compare the views of pediatric residents and general medical students at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences regarding method of providing feedback in clinical education.MethodThis cross-sectional study was conducted in the pediatric ward of hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The census method was used to select 35 pediatric residents and simple random sampling method was used to select 35 general medical students who had completed internship and apprenticeship. Data collection was carried out using a standard 21-item feedback questionnaire. Pediatric residents and general medical students were asked to identify the importance of feedback received during their clinical education using a 4-point Likert scale.ResultsThe majority of residents believe that feedback was only sometimes expected (27.1%), clearly and explicitly outlined (17.1%), fair (21.4%), and useful in correcting their attitude (18.6%), performance (17.1%), and behavior (27.1%). Majority of general medical students believed that clear, explicit (24.3%) feedback was related with their future career (14.3%) and most of them received positive feedbacks (20). Apart from propositions items 20, 18, and 17, most medical students and residents have selected the Often and Sometimes options, respectively to respond to items.ConclusionPediatric residents were less satisfied with the feedback received during the clinical education as compared to the general medical students.Keywords: Clinical education, Feedback, Pediatric Resident, Medical student
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Every year, some 3.9 million girls aged 15 to 19 years undergo unsafe abortions (1). Approximately 16 million girls aged 15 to 19 years and 2.5 million girls under 16 years give birth each year in developing regions (2, 3). Complications during pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death for 15 to 19 year-old girls globally (4). Adolescent mothers (ages 10 to 19 years) face higher risks of eclampsia, puerperal endometritis, and systemic infections than women aged 20 to 24 years (5, 6).The term "adolescent" is often used synonymously with "teenager". In this sense "adolescent pregnancy" means pregnancy in a woman aged 10–19 years (2, 7). Pregnant teenagers face many of the same pregnancy related issues as other women. There are additional concerns for those under the age of 15 as they are less likely to be physically developed to sustain a healthy pregnancy or to give birth (8). For girls aged 15–19, risks are associated more with socioeconomic factors than with the biological effects of age (9). Risks of low birth weight, premature labor, anemia, and pre-eclampsia are connected to biological age, being observed in teen births even after controlling for other risk factors (such as accessing prenatal care etc.) (5, 6).Keywords: Adolescent, death, Girls, pregnancy, World
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Training of Pediatric residents is a dynamic process which should be changed as the nature and epidemiology of pediatric diseases change. We aimed to determine the educational needs of Pediatric residents.Materials and MethodsIn this systematic review after choosing appropriate keywords and their combinations,, an extensive search was done in databases of Medline, EMBASE, ProQuest and Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and CINAHL as well as Persian databases, such as Magiran, Medlib, and SID, using equivalent keywords in Persian, to find related articles to Pediatric education, until October 2018. The full text of the articles was studied by two reviewer and their main findings were extracted and categorized. Quality of studies was evaluated using STROBE statement.ResultsData from nine studies were entered in this study. According to the findings, the necessity of changing Pediatric resident curriculum seems to be necessary in accordance with the conditions of the community. So, subspecialties for Pediatric resident training should be considered; these items include: cardiology, development, hematology and oncology, endocrinology, infectious diseases, respirology, palliative care of neurology, emergency, neonatology, gastroenterology, nephrology, gynecology, child psychiatry, behavioral psychology, surgical specialties, orthopedics and adolescents, dermatology, ophthalmology, and otolaryngology.ConclusionPediatric residents need sufficient, specific training to enable them to competently investigate and manage of children complaints. So, Pediatric resident curriculum should be developed to be in according to Pediatric educational needs, and also to support the learner’s personal development by contributing to enhancing their self-respect and confidence, motivation and aspirations.Keywords: Curriculum, Development, Education, Resident, Pediatric
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زمینه و هدفتوده های گردنی جزو شکایات شایع بیماران مراجعه کننده به کلینیک های گوش، حلق و بینی است که طیف وسیعی از تشخیص های افتراقی ناشی از بیماری های موضعی، متاستاتیک و سیستمیک را در برمی گیرد که علاوه بر اینکه بیمار را مضطرب می سازد، در مواردی برای کادر پزشکی نیز یک مشکل تشخیصی محسوب می شود.مواد و روش کاردر یک مطالعه مقطعی در سال 92-1390 پس از حذف 58 بیمار مبتلا به عفونت حاد گردنی، 203 بیمار(93 زن و 110 مرد) با توده گردنی مشخص که به درمانگاه گوش حلق و بینی بیمارستان امام رضا ع در مشهد مراجعه کرده بودند، از نظر بالینی به لحاظ متغیرهای دموگرافیک و محل، تعداد، قوام، چسبندگی، حساسیت و ارتباط ضایعه با سایر ارگانها، پاتولوژی آن و مدت بیماری مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. برخی از بیماران طی بررسی تحت FNA و آندوسکوپی قرار گرفتند و تشخیص قطعی ضایعه بر اساس نتیجه بیوپسی مشخص گردید.یافته هاشایع ترین پاتولوژی مشاهده شده در مردان به ترتیب (SCC(37/38 درصد، سیالادنیت (21 /11 درصد) و کیست مجرای تیروگلوسال (5/ 7 درصد) و در زنان به ترتیب سل (89/18 درصد)،(SCC (15/55 درصد و گواتر مولتی ندولر (8/ 7 درصد) بود. یافته ها نشان داد بین جنسیت و ضایعه نئوپلاستیک ارتباط معنی داری وجود داشت (P <0.05)، یعنی احتمال نئوپلاستیک بودن توده گردنی در مردان بیشتر از زنان بود. با افزایش سن میزان ضایعات نئوپلاستیک افزایش می یافت (05/ 0 >P).نتیجه گیریپس از حذف علل التهابی شایع ترین پاتولوژی در مردان SCC و در زنان سل می باشد که غالبا به ترتیب در زنجیره لنفاوی ژوگولودیگاستریک و مثلث خلفی گردن دیده می شود.
کلید واژگان: توده گردنی، شیوع، پاتولوژی، بیمارستان امام رضا (ع)، کلینیک گوش و حلق و بینیBackground and ObjectivesNeck mass is the most common complaints among patients referred to otolaryngology clinics and involve a wide range of differential diagnosis of localized disease, metastatic and systemic. In addition to the patient anxiety, it is also a diagnostic problem for medical staff. Matherials andMethodsAt a Cross-sectional study in 2011 to 2013, after excluding 58 acute infective cases, 203 patients (110 males and 93 females) who have clinically neck mass or masses referred to the ENT clinic of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad were selected. The clinical and demographic variables in terms of location, quantity, consistency, cohesion, sensitivity and communication with other organs of the lesion, pathology and disease duration were evaluated. Some patients diagnosed during the study FNA and endoscopy and definite diagnosis of the lesion was determined based on the biopsy result.ResultsThe most common pathology observed in men was: SCC (37/38 percent), sialoadenitis (11/21%) and Tyrvglvsal duct cyst (7/5%) respectively, and in women was: tuberculosis (18/89 percent), SCC (15/55%) and nodular goiter (7/8 percent) respectively. The possibility of neoplastic cervical mass in men was more than women. The neoplastic lesions rate showed an increase with age (P <0.05).ConclusionAfter eliminating the causes of inflammatory, SCC is the most common disease in men and Tuberculosis in women that so often can be seen in the posterior triangle of the neck juglodigastric lymph chain.Keywords: Neck mass, Pathology, Imam Reza hospital, ENT clinic -
The loss of a child is a tragedy - families suffer and human potential is wasted. 6.3 million children under the age of five died in 2013, nearly 17 000 every day. Most deaths among children aged one to five years are due to diseases that can be prevented, but that can also be easily treated at home or in health facilities. Leading causes of death in under-five children are preterm birth complications, pneumonia, birth asphyxia, diarrhea and malaria. About 45% of all child deaths are linked to malnutrition. Under-five deaths are increasingly concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, while the proportion in the rest of the world dropped from 32% in 1990 to 18% in 2013. Children in sub-Saharan Africa are more than 15 times more likely to die before the age of five than children in developed regions. About half of under-five deaths occur in only five countries: China, Democratic Republic of the Congo, India, Nigeria and Pakistan. India (21%) and Nigeria (13%) together account for more than a third of all under-five deaths.Keywords: Child mortality, World, Neonate, Disease, WHO regions
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IntroductionJunk food, due to the lack of vitamins, minerals and trace amounts of energy and protein, there is the risk that the child's stomach filled and by reducing her/his appetite, reduce the chance of nutritious foods. So it is necessary to determine the relationship between using of junk food with growth rate in children.Materials And MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 300 mothers and their babies, who were referring to 10 selected Mashhad health-care centers for monitoring their 6-24 months children. Participants were selected by cluster and simple random sampling and valid and reliable questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed by descriptive- analytic statistics and using SPSS version 16.ResultsIn growth chart, 86.7 percent of children showed appropriate growth, 10.3 percent had delayed growth and 3 percent had horizontal growth curve. In 11.3 percent of families, the junk food has been used for children regularly, 44.7 percent did not believe in these snacks and 44 percent of mothers sometimes used this junk food for their children. Results showed the statistical correlation between junk food consumption and growth status of children was significant, so children whom haven’t had junk food, have grown more favorable than the other kids (P<0.05).ConclusionUse snacks interfere with the child's growth. Junk food consumption among the study population was high relatively. Mothers need to be aware of the effects of junk food to children's development.Keywords: Children, Growth status, Junk food, Mashhad
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Poliomyelitis (polio) is a highly infectious viral disease, which mainly affects young children. The virus is transmitted by person-to-person spread mainly through the faecal-oral route or, less frequently, by a common vehicle (e.g. contaminated water or food) and multiplies in the intestine, from where it can invade the nervous system and can cause paralysis. Initial symptoms of polio include fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness in the neck, and pain in the limbs. In a small proportion of cases, the disease causes paralysis, which is often permanent. There is no cure for polio, it can only be prevented by immunization. Of the 3 types of wild poliovirus (type 1, type 2 and type 3), type 2 wild poliovirus transmission has been successfully stopped (since 1999). Today, despite a concerted global eradication campaign, poliovirus continues to affect children and adults in Afghanistan, Pakistan and some African countries (Nigeria). In Iran, the last laboratory-confirmed indigenous polio case was reported in 1997. Until poliovirus transmission is interrupted in these countries, all countries remain at risk of importation of polio, especially in the ''poliovirus importation belt'' of countries from west Africa to the Horn of Africa.Keywords: Poliomyelitis, Prevalence, Wild poliovirus, Polio transmission
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IntroductionA great percentage of AIDS infections occur in adolescence and youth. Since that, studing and finding the most efficient teaching methods in order to improve their information (knowledge) and attitude also to create positive one and to create preventive measures in the young and adolescent, is of great significance and priority.Materials And Methods7 schools were picked randomly among different Mashhad educational districts. From these schools, 650 students were randomly selected and divided into 4 groups:1-Education with lecture, 2-Education with guidebook, 3-Education with lecture and guidebook, 4-Without any education. Firstly, basic knowledge and attitude of students on AIDS were evaluated. Then their educational needs and curriculum were designed. Then 2 weeks after conducting the education, student's knowledge (study groups) and attitude were evaluated.ResultsThe results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between 4 groups’ knowledge and attitude in the pre-test, also there was no significant difference between knowledge and attitude in the control group before and after the training program. But there was a significant difference between knowledge and attitude in the intervention group before and after implementing the training program (P=0.000). After the training, the mean scores of knowledge in the simultaneous method had statistically significant difference with the control group (P= 0.000), but that was not the case with guide book group. Although the mean score of the individuals in the guide book group was more than those of in the control group, the significance of this difference wasn’t confirmed by ANOVA. Results also showed that the mean scores of attitude in speech training and guide book methods had statistically significant difference with the control group (P= 0.000).ConclusionTo improve students’ knowledge, education by both lecture and guidebook, and to improve their attitude or to create a positive one, lecture method are preferred.Keywords: Attitude, Effects, HIV, AIDS, Knowledge, Students
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Hospitalization and medical experiences can be confusing and stressful for children, teens and their families. It is very common for young people and their families to have many questions when they are scheduled for surgery or hospitalization. When children are given opportunities to cope successfully with medical experiences, they may see themselves as more capable, more in control, and more reassured. This success often leads to a more positive sense of self, as well as a healthier regard for medical procedures in general. Also, previous medical experiences can affect how the child will react to hospitalization. It is important to maintain a normal routine and activities, such as playing and schooling. Family and friend’s child should be encouraged to visit the child patient. The best way to prepare the child for hospitalization is to prepare ourselves by understanding what will occur.Keywords: Child, Hospitalization, Prepare, Surgery
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IntroductionSince nutrition, especially in childhood and adolescence is an important effect on intelligence and learning, so that malnutrition delayed to later periods of life, so that these people during the course of studies, will have many problems, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of nutrition on student learning.Materials And MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional study that was conducted. The sample size was all students that studying in a boarding school in five district of Mashhad-Iran. The valid and reliable questionnaire, consisted of 19 questions and specialized feeding habits of the students. Data were analyzed with spss-13 software.Results90 students participated in the study guide. 48.9 % were second grade and 51.1 % were third grade of Junior High School. 24.4% of students in their grade point average were between was between 15-13; 65.6% were 15-18 and also 10% of them their grade point average were between 18-20. 67.8% of students said that they love so much sweetmeat and 61.1% of students with food, pickles and salt used as high. Results showed that 38.8% of students had used too much salt in food, and on the other hand, 27.8% of students had used salt moderate. Results showed that students who had a grade average lower, the consumption of fish, red and white meat, green and orange vegetables and dairy products were lower than the other students (p <0.05).ConclusionStudents who had better nutritional behavior (consumption of Breakfast, fruits and vegetables and dairy products were more than the other students) had higher average scores than other students.Keywords: Nutrition, Students, Learning, Mashhad
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In 1974, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) to ensure that all children have access to routinely recommended vaccines. Since then, global coverage with the four core vaccines (Bacille calmette guérin vaccine [for protection against tuberculosis], Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine [DTP], Polio vaccine, and Measles vaccine) has increased from <5% to ≥ 84%. Coverage with the third dose of DTP vaccine (DTP3) by age 12 months is a key indicator of immunization program performance. Estimated global DTP3 coverage has remained at 83%- 84% since 2009, with estimated 2013 coverage at 84%. Global coverage estimates for the second routine dose of Measles-containing Vaccine (MCV2) are reported for the first time in 2013; global coverage was 35% by the end of the second year of life and 53% when including older age groups. Results showed that more than 111 million infants received vaccines in 2013 to protect them from deadly diseases. These infants account for about 84 percent of the world’s children, but an estimated 21.8 million infants remained unvaccinated, according to new estimates from WHO. Three of WHO’s regions reported very high immunization coverage: the Western Pacific with 96 percent; the European Region with 96 percent; and the Region of the Americas with 90 percent. Coverage was slightly lower in the: Eastern Mediterranean Region at 82 percent; in the South-East Asia Region at 77 percent; and in the African Region at 75 percent. Improvements in equity of access and use of immunization services will help ensure that all children are protected from vaccine-preventable diseases.Keywords: Immunization coverage, Vaccine, WHO regions, Worldwide
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The economic exploitation of children is an insult to humanity. All over the world children continue to work, putting at stake their education, their health, their normal development to adulthood, and even their lives. Millions of them work under hazardous conditions which present dangers to their health, safety and welfare. They toil in mines and quarries, are exposed to agrochemicals in agriculture, squat in crippling positions to weave rugs and carpets, and scavenge in rubbish tips. Too many are enslaved in bonded labour, isolated in domestic service, and traumatized and abused in the commercial sex trade. Today many people and organizations are concerned about child labour. The number of children working in the world today is higher than most people think, although it is difficult to obtain anything more than an educated global estimate. This is firstly because many kinds of child labour are underreported, and secondly because many countries have no desire or incentive to publicize how many of their young people work. Nevertheless, statistical techniques allow us to estimate that 211 million children aged 5 to 14 and an additional 141 million children aged 15 to 17 are “economically active”, i.e. are involved in some form of work.Keywords: Child labour, Child Rights, Facts, World
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IntroductionTo assess the efficacy of foeniculum Vulgar, menthe longifolia and Garlic in Iranian children. Methods and Matherials: Nine databases such as MEDLINE, Scopus and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials as well as domestic database (Persian) such as SID, Iranmedex, Magiran, Medlib, Irandoc, and Google Scholar were searched using keywords such as “child” and “complementary treatments or alternative treatments or herbal treatments or Anthum Foeniculum or Capillaceum or Foeniculum Officinale or Foeniculum vulgare or menthe longifolia or Garlic in June 2014.ResultFive studies were included in the systematic review. Our systematic review showed beneficial effect of Foeniculum Vulgare on redacting of infant colic and also led to significant increase on prolactin levels in lactating mothers. Base on only study, comparison between two groups (Shirafza and placebo Drops) did not show any significant difference in regarding infant weight gain. Menthe longifolia combined with ORS improved frequency of defecation, Volume and consistency of stool. Also Review Systematic showed that Garlic significantly decreased fever, frequency and duration of diarrhea, leukocyte in stool.Conclusionherbals medicine (foeniculum Vulgar, menthe longifolia and Garlic) had beneficial effect on Women's serum prolactin levels, infantile colic, frequency of defecation, Volume, consistency of stool. However, this result should be interpreted with caution which low number of sample and methodological quality.Keywords: Herbal Medicine, Children, Iran, Treatment
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IntroductionClinical settings and teaching methods play a key role in student's learning. So, the present study aimed to investigates the effect of holding special training rounds on performance of pediatric residents.MethodsThis quasi-experimental study was conducted on 30 residents. They were randomly divided into two case (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Two groups received pretest and posttest. Case group received a period of one month of special training rounds by professors. Special training round was one hour training a day. The control group received no intervention. Data was analyzed using SPSS 13 and descriptive and analytic statistical tests.Results100% of all residents in case group were satisfied with training round. Mean scores of control residents were as followed: pretest 37.9+5.1 and post-test 55.2+7.0 (P >0.05). Mean scores of intervention residents were as followed: pretest 37.5 +3.7 and post-test 65.6 +6.7 (P<0.05). There was a significant increase in resident's scores after holding a training round (P<0.05).Conclusionfindings confirmed the efficacy of special training round on achievement and increase of resident's satisfaction with learning in Pediatric Gastroenterology Department.Keywords: Training round, Performance, Pediatric Residents
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Over 800,000 people die due to suicide every year and there are many more who attempt suicide. Hence, many millions of people are affected or experience suicide bereavement every year. Suicide occurs throughout the lifespan and was the second leading cause of death among 15-29 year olds globally in 2012. It is a global phenomenon in all regions of the world; Suicide accounted for 1.4% of all deaths worldwide, making it the 15th leading cause of death in 2012. The Quran makes it clear that human life is sacred. Life cannot be taken without justification and the right to life is inherent in the tenants of Islam. Life itself is a gift from the Creator that we are obliged to care for. Suicide out of despair of God’s mercy or worldly problems is strictly forbidden.Keywords: Holy Quran, Suicide, Youth, World
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Breastfeeding is the ideal and most natural way of nurturing infants. The importance of breastfeeding has been proved unequivocally, and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and World Health Organization (WHO) have issued guidelines to ensure breastfeeding. More than 14 centuries is that in Islamic teachings with the most comprehensive, most beautiful and most powerful motivation, is raised important points in the form of advice and education about breastfeeding. Included in Islam recommended every mother to breastfeed her children up to the age of two years if the lactation period was to be completed. Aware of these recommendations and the usage of them, will lead to the most efficient and effective incentives to promote breast-feeding.Keywords: Breastfeeding, Quran, Infants
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Immunization is today one of the safest, most cost-effective, and powerful means of preventing deaths and improving lives. Over the years, all countries of the world have incorporated an increasingly broad immunization agenda in their public health interventions. Immunization programmes are now routinely reaching over 80 percent of children under one year of age. Iran and Turkey with a population of nearly the same, are in the neighborhood and the aim of this study is to compare the vaccination situation in the two countries from 1980 to 2013.Keywords: Immunization, Iran, Turkey, Vaccination
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Honey contains a wide variety of vitamins, minerals, amino acids and antioxidants. The vitamins found in honey include niacin, riboflavin and pantothenic acid; minerals present include calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium and zinc. In addition honey contains a variety of flavonoids and phenolic acids which act as antioxidants, scavenging and eliminating free radicals. Honey has had a long history in human consumption, and is used in various foods and beverages as a sweetener and flavoring. It also has a role in religion and symbolism. Medicinal importance of honey has been documented in the world''s oldest medical literatures, and since the ancient times, it has been known to possess antimicrobial property as well as wound-healing activity. More than 1,400 years ago, honey is described as a source of healing in the Quran and it is also mentioned as one of the foods of Paradise.Keywords: Benefits, Honey, Quran
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IntroductionBreast milk is a complete food for growing children until 6 months of age, and mothers, as the most important child health care, play a decisive role in their growth. So promoting their attitude toward the benefits of breastfeeding ensures guarantee child health in the future. This study aimed to assess maternal knowledge and attitude of Mashhad toward exclusive Breast Milk Feeding (BMF) in the first 6 months of infant life.Materials And MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 190 mothers who referring to Yazd health-care centers for monitoring their 6-24 month year old infants. They completed questionnaire. Participants were selected by cluster and simple random sampling. Data were analyzed by descriptive- analytic tests and using SPSS 11.5.ResultsMean score of maternal attitude toward exclusive BMF was 10.14±2.00 (out of 14) and maternal knowledge score toward advantages of breast milk was 10.12±2.015 (out of 14). The incidence of exclusive BMF in the first 6 months of life study was 72.9%. Child growth was as follows: excellent growth (24.5%) and good growth (55.3%). ANOVA showed a significant difference between parent's education and maternal attitude and maternal knowledge towards exclusive BMF; whatever higher education of parents, more positive knowledge and attitude towards exclusive BMF (P<0.05). There was a significant direct relationship between knowledge and attitude (Spearman test, P-value= 0.000& r= 0.4).ConclusionMaternal knowledge and attitude towards exclusive BMF was moderate. It is essential to plan for mothers by officials in order to promote breast-feeding in the first 6 months of baby's life to enhance positive maternal attitude in this regard.Keywords: Attitude, BMF, Exclusive Breast Milk Feeding, Infant, Knowledge, Yazd
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IntroductionTraining medical students and prepare them for diagnosis, treatment and care of diseases, is the main goal of medical education. According to importance of adapting educational content to the needs of society and the high incidence of infectious diseases in the country, decided to study the knowledge of medical students and public health students about Tuberculosis (TB) and Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course (DOTS), because they are the main stakeholders in the field at future.Materials And MethodsIn a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire consisting of 40 questions related to the knowledge necessary measures in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (DOTS), 90 students of public health and medical students who were taken by the stratified random sampling with Using a reliable and valid questionnaire. The results of the tests were analyzed by descriptive and analytical tests in SPSS11.5 software.ResultsAverage knowledge of public health students about TB was (9.24+9.091) of total 20 and kowledge of medical students was (8.67+1.954). The mean of knowledge, diagnosis and treatment of Public health students was (16.91+3.168) of total 40 and of medical students was (16.42+3.720). There was a significant linear correlation between general and technical students information about TB (r=0.681, p=0.000). T test showed there is not significant relationship between gender and field of study and students knowledge about TB; however, the infromation level in women was higher than in men.ConclusionKnowledge of medical and health students about TB and DOTS is not in acceptable level and it is necessary to revise the education of tuberculosis in medical and health school.Keywords: DOTS, Knowledge, Medical Students, Public Health Students, Tuberculosis
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Unfortunately, we do not know how many perinatally (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) HIV-infected pepole are living in contries today, while knowing these informations is necessary. United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) reports that there are 3.4 million children under 15 years of age with HIV and 2 million adolescents between 10 and 19 years of age. Although the vast majority of children were perinatally infected, older children are combined with behaviourally infected adolescents and youth in global reporting, without disaggregation by sex. The aim of this study is to introduce the prevalence and prevention of HIV/AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) in children of worldwide.Keywords: AIDS, Children, Epidemiology, HIV
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