دکتر مهیار سجادیان

Increasing urbanization has brought various consequences for cities, which has become the basis for many social and economic difficulties and damages. Therefore, due to these harmful consequences, for years, policy makers and managers at the macro level and in the city scale; They seek to find healing strategies. In this regard, among the most important strategies based on the impressive capabilities of information and communication technology, in order to create a productive and effective city; and it has been proposed to solve the problems of cities in the world; It is a "smart city"; And in this framework, they have tried to build a platform, including in building the institutional capacity of such cities The main goal of the present research is to identify the basic components affecting the institutional capacity in order to realize a smart city; and evaluating the current situation of Ahvaz metropolis from the perspective of these components. This research is question-oriented, which was carried out by following an exploratory method in answering the research questions. The statistical population of the study was experts working in offices and companies of Ahvaz city whose organization was involved in the process of smartening this city; Or will be. The statistical sample of the research was 380 people, and the samples were selected by snowball and supervised network sampling. Since the exact number of the statistical population was not known, the KMO test, sampling adequacy and Rasko's rules were confirmed. The research tool was a five-point Likert electronic questionnaire, whose items were designed based on 29 components extracted from 114 scientific documents and valid research.The extracted data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and one-sample t-test and Friedman statistical tests.Based on the research results, respectively, the components of superior institutions, the use of information and communication technology in improving environmental quality, smart governance, the use of information and communication technology in economics and business, the power of organizational actors; And institutional readiness is in poor condition. In the meantime, the government and the oil institutions are of strategic importance.

The global economy is witnessing an increase in the level of competition between companies and countries and consequently cities. Therefore, the future of countries and cities is directly dependent on the degree of their competitiveness in economic indicators, especially competitiveness. In this regard, in today's competitive world where cities are trying to outdo each other in various fields, urban tourism, branding and marketing for tourism purposes has also become an arena for cities to compete. The brand of a city in tourism is the winning edge of a city in economic and social competition and a strategic tool to increase the competitiveness, credibility, power and influence of cities. Therefore, in society today, creating and maintaining an urban brand and in this context, positive imagery and reputation promotion along with emotional attraction to travel to the desired city, is one of the basic points considered by city managers and is a topic in which success It can bring prosperity, prosperity and prosperity to the inhabitants while keeping the cities alive. Therefore, it is in this context that The variables of fame and emotional attraction of traveling to a place and proportional promotion of the position of these two variables are among the most important factors in effective branding and creating an attractive image of the destination for the purpose of tourism development and attracting tourists and consequently gaining capital. according to this, The present article examines the relationship between fame and emotional appeal of traveling to the metropolis of Ahvaz and also determines the position of this city in corresponding of these two variables in comparison with other metropolises of the country.

This research is in the field of behavioral geography. The research method is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. In doing so, statistical analysis of Kendall Tao and Spearman correlation and location reputation matrix and SPSS and Excel software have been used. While the, to confirm the use of the two non-parametric tests mentioned above and to measure the significance of the variables in this framework, the Kalmogorov-Smirnov statistical test was used. The data collection tool was a researcher-made electronic questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale, the validity of which was confirmed by professors and its reliability was confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 79%. The statistical population of the study consists of people who have never traveled to the metropolis of Ahvaz; In this regard, by combining cluster snowball sampling methods and supervised network, 627 questionnaires were received.

Based on the research findings, finally, this study identified the position of place reputation in relation to emotional attraction in four main groups; And provided solutions in accordance with the position obtained. According to the research findings, there is a positive relationship between the fame of Ahvaz metropolis and the emotional attraction of traveling to this city, and the current situation of this city is in a quarter of losers and is not appropriate. The order of extreme heat, dust, destruction and war, deprivation, sewage and bad smell, urban chaos and traffic, lack of infrastructure, lack of security, cultural problems and ethnicity and dirty city are the most important imagine that have caused this situation in the city. This situation and such imagins, which are deeply rooted in the facts, have been the result of policies and, in other words, the dominant view in the body of the metropolis of Ahvaz from management at all levels to the citizens of this city; Also, on a macro-scale national scale we must overcome the Dominance of the centralist view, the success of the central and peripheral landscape, the historical emphasis on the oil-based mono-product economy, and the mere exploitative view of oil-rich provinces, Lack of environmental priority and sustainable development, Lack of a grand brand strategy national, regional and so on.

In the context of the principles of behavioral geography related to branding, the destination image can be considered as a set of knowledge, feelings, ideas, expectations and feelings that people have about a place. The destination image is a multidimensional structure that has three basic cognitive, emotional, and motivational dimensions. The cognitive dimension includes a person's knowledge and beliefs about the physical characteristics of the destination. The emotional dimension involves evaluating the quality of one's emotions in relation to physical characteristics and the environment. The motivational dimension is considered corresponding to the behavior and originates from the cognitive and emotional dimensions. Based on the above analysis, by promoting the environment within the framework of a branding macro strategy, and alongside and thereby, increasing cognition; And at a higher level, believing people and putting pressure on it, can increase the positive reputation and then, increase the emotional appeal of traveling to this city and ultimately increase the motivation and attract more tourists and thus increase the competitive capacity. And attracted more capital in this metropolis compared to other metropolises in the country; The result will be the attraction of capital and the achievement of sustainable development, according to the majority of urban planning experts. Finally, based on the findings of research, discussion and conclusions, solutions were presented in three areas: scientific domain, metropolitan area and macro area of branding.

Today, smart cities are a new paradigm in the global urban planning system. Based on the capabilities of information and communication technology, these smart cities try to improve the quality of life in places which are immersed in numerous problems with social, economic, environmental and other dimensions. However, a comprehensive, multidimensional, complex smart city is based on the urban planning paradigm of complexity and chaos which can lead to successful planning and management. The present study, from the perspective of modern chaos theory, is aimed to formulate strategic requirements for the realization of the smart city in Ahvaz metropolis.

This article is in the category of applied-developmental research, which is question-based. It has been accomplished using bibliographic and survey method, using exploratory factor analysis, one-sample t-test and Friedman ranking test in SPSS software. The survey instrument was a 5-point Likert questionnaire whose final content validity was confirmed by professors and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.906. The statistical population consist of the experts of the institutions involved in the smartening process of Ahvaz metropolis. A combination of clustered snowball sampling methods and monitored network was used in this research. Finally, 380 questionnaires were completed. The adequacy of the number of samples was confirmed by KMO method.

Based on the findings of the research, in relation to the theory of chaos, it is possible to conclude that Ahvaz metropolis is affected by the non-linear effect in the smartening process; also, the butterfly effect is significant in this metropolis. Moreover, in connection with the modulating variable of the power of universities and research institutes, sensibly, it can be accepted that the condition of this component is also not inappropriate. Using Friedman’s ranking test, the authors ranked the components and indicators including the butterfly effect of social and ethnic pluralism, social moderators, steady flow of energy, people, non-linear effect, variable modulating power of universities and research institutes, contexts, structural forces, institutional forces. Finally, the use of communication and information technology capabilities in promoting environmental quality (motivators) are located.

Based on the results of the research, nonlinear effects govern the process of smart city development in Ahvaz significantly. This implies that a nonlinear system, influenced by variables such as conflicting interests, developmental contradictions, ownership conflicts, and the level of technology acceptance by the public, dominates the realization of the smart city in Ahvaz. These factors have led to turbulent conditions in this metropolis. In this context, the impact of two key factors, namely, government and oil, on this process and system, as well as the central-peripheral dynamics shaped in the country, particularly in connection with the oil-rich city of Ahvaz, cannot be overlooked. As many researchers have emphasized in their studies, the government has commercialized money and capital in the cities through the vast banking system. It has helped the expansion of cities and urbanization more than ever. This extensive and unmatched influence of the government originates above all from the way of obtaining its revenue sources, i.e. the export of crude oil, the resulting national surplus has an important contribution to the accumulation of capital and expanding reproduction in the economic process of the country. In such an atmosphere, the military creation of the center and the periphery has caused the emergence of an unbalanced national development model. Therefore, as observed in the analytical research model, the government and oil entities, in addition to their impact within the framework of internal structural institutions of the Ahvaz metropolis, are considered external influential factors in the overall drivers of smart city realization in Ahvaz. The presence of these two entities, due to their interactions with each other and the factors of conflicting interests, developmental contradictions, ownership conflicts, and the level of technology acceptance by the public, intensifies the nonlinear effects in the process of smart city development in Ahvaz. Inside, the stimuli have stimulated the drives and the drivers - based on the theoretical foundations of smart cities - with the goal of achieving a more efficient, sustainable, livable and fairer city in an urban framework with dimensions of smart environment, smart life, smart economy, smart mobility, smart governance and smart people to mobilize resources and facilities. But in the meantime, the factor of social and ethnic pluralism as a factor with a butterfly effect can be effective in this movement from drivers to a smart city. Also, in this transformation, two social moderator variables and the power of universities and research institutes are effective in this movement. In addition, the internet access flows as a constant flow of energy on the entire system.

Nowadays, the intelligent use of technology as an efficient strategy to improve environmental quality, especially in the cities of advanced countries, is on the agenda. In this process, measuring the current situation is considered the first step towards using technology to improve environmental quality. However, the problem is that such a measurement has not been done in the Ahvaz metropolis. Therefore, the aim of the research is to measure the current situation of the Ahvaz metropolis in terms of using technology to improve environmental quality. This research is an applied-developmental problem-oriented study that follows an exploratory approach by using the document library and survey data collection methods. The Kolmograph-Smirnoff, Shapiro-Wilk, TT sample, and Friedman ranking tests were used for analyzing the data. The survey tool was a 5-point Likert questionnaire, whose final content validity and reliability were confirmed by the professors' opinion and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.893, respectively. The statistical community of the research consisted of experts. The sampling method was a two-stage cluster, through which 142 samples of academic experts were selected. Considering that the number of the statistical population is not known, this sample size is sufficient according to Rasko's rules. Based on the findings of the research, following a passive and deterministic attitude, which is under the influence of centralist policies in the framework of the center-periphery system and the political economy based on oil rent, has caused not only the use of technology in this metropolis not be done to improve the quality environmental protection, but it has also created many problems in Ahvaz metropolis, especially environmental problems. In the end, some solutions were suggested based on the research findings.

Today, the "smart growth" strategy has been proposed as a new and comprehensive pattern of urban planning in the world, in order to solve the problem of sprawl urban growth due to relentless urbanization. The metropolis of Ahvaz, which has always suffered from the consequences of such growth in recent years, can not be an exception to this pattern. Therefore, due to the importance of the subject, this study aimed to measure and rank the metropolitan regions of Ahvaz in terms of compliance with smart urban growth indicators. The type of research is applied with a descriptive-analytical method based on documentary studies and field observations. The statistical population of the study was Ahvaz metropolitan regions. As a result of documentary studies, 82 indicators were selected within the framework of 4 physical criteria - land use, socio-economic, access - transportation and environment and the data were extracted using available sources. The data were then analyzed using a combination of Shannon entropy weighting method and ELEKTRE technique. Based on the research results, there is a significant difference between Ahwaz metropolitan regions in terms of appropriateness to smart urban growth indicators; In this regard, District 5 of Ahvaz metropolis has poor conditions, so compared to other areas of the metropolis, it deserves more serious attention. Finally, based on the research findings, solutions were proposed.

Due to the many problems caused by urban growth on the one hand; And the dominance of the paradigm of improving the quality of life, as well as the remarkable advances in information and communication technology and its remarkable capabilities, smart cities today are considered as an effective strategy to solve the problems and challenges of rapid urbanization.The city of Ahvaz has also experienced rapid urbanization in recent years; It faces many problems. But the problem is, this metropolis is not smart now, and it is just the beginning; So the question is what is the situation of the components of the realization of the smart city in the current situation of Ahvaz? Therefore, this study seeks to assess the status of key components of smart city realization and ranking of these components in the metropolis of Ahvaz. This article is considered among applied-developmental researches. It is question-oriented and has been done in a document-library and survey form;, which has been used in assessing the status of components, executive experts working in institutions and organizations in Ahvaz involved in the process of smartening the city. The data collection tool is a researcher-made electronic questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale; In order to analyze the data, statistical tests of mean, one-sample t-test and Friedman ranking were used using SPSS software. The statistical sample of this study is 380 samples that were selected by snowball sampling and supervised network. Based on the research findings, the situation of the key components of the realization of a smart city in the metropolis of Ahvaz, with the exception of smart people, was assessed as unfavorable. At the same time, the smart environment and then smart governance are in the lowest state

Cities are facing many challenges due to excessive population growth and rapid expansion. To organize this indiscriminate growth, new planning models such as smart growth have been proposed. In recent years, the metropolis of Ahwaz has faced the adverse effects of unbridled growth, which necessitates serious attention to the smart growth model. The present research, by stating the necessity and importance of smart growth, has ranked the areas of Ahwaz metropolis in terms of suitability with smart growth criteria with a descriptive-analytical method. The study area includes the 8 districts of Ahwaz metropolis. The data related to 81 smart urban growth indicators for eight districts were analyzed in the form of 4 criteria: physical-land use, social-economic, access-transportation and environmental using the gray relational analysis model. According to the findings, district 4 is the most suitable and district 6 is the most unsuitable. Also, among the above-mentioned 4 criteria, the environmental criterion is in the most unfavorable condition in Ahwaz metropolis. Finally, based on the findings of the research, some solutions were suggested.

Today, moving towards smart cities is not only a reality, but a necessity in order to solve the current problems of urbanization, including in the city of Ahvaz, which is full of problems. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to analyze the realization of the smart city from the perspective of the macro components of such cities. This article is considered among applied-developmental researches. It is question-oriented and it has been done in a document-library and survey form; in an exploratory way using the exploratory factor analysis method, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk tests; And a sample t-tech test and Friedman's rating test have been done in response to the research questions. In order to collect descriptive data, library and documentary studies were used, and survey method and questionnaire tool were used to collect analytical data. The statistical community of the research included academic experts. The sampling method was a two-stage cluster. ; Finally, 142 samples were selected. The final content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the opinion of the professors, after some corrections, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.878 for the entire questionnaire showed the desirability and acceptability of the reliability of the questionnaire. For the quantitative content validity of the questionnaires, 10 experts, familiar with Ahvaz metropolis, and the relative coefficient of content validity (CVR) method were used. Kendall's W test (Kendall's correlation coefficient) was used to measure the credibility of the questionnaires and how reliable it is. Based on the findings of the research, the situation of the metropolis of Ahvaz is not suitable in terms of the macro components of the formation of smart cities in the current situation.

Many cities around the world today are trying to make policy in order to become a smart city. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the policy strategies driving the transition to a smart city by using the analysis of the basic components of the realization of such cities in the metropolis of Ahvaz. Based on the research findings, 8 components of smart environment, smart economy, smart life, smart governance, smart people, information and communication technology, side factors and flexibility of citizens using exploratory factor analysis method - as effective components in the transition Ahvaz was identified as a smart city. Then, a model of smartening of Ahvaz metropolis was presented. Based on this model, to achieve a productive, humanistic, healthy, competitive and sustainable development city with the ultimate goal of improving the quality of life; In the context of smart environment, smart life and smart economy, policymakers need to pay special attention to the three components of the driving force and engine of the smart city, namely people, institution (smart governance and institutional actors).

In order to help reduce concerns caused by the increase in urban issues and demands of urban communities based on the capabilities of information and communication technology - a phenomenon called "smart cities" has been designedso,Many countries in various stages of the transition to a smart city, try to evaluate studies conducted in relation to their cities, including the observation of scientific societies; In this way, be able to identify weaknesses, in other words, neglected areas. But the problem is that so far, the studies conducted in the scientific communities of the country have not been evaluated and analyzed. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the process of smart city studies in scientific societies in Iran; To identify areas of low work and essential, to focus on these areas This research is of applied scientometric type; And content analysis method was performed. Data were collected from 310 articles indexed in the Civilica citation database for the ten-year period 2010-2011; Then, subject, time and geography were studied from three dimensions. Based on the research findings, nearly 83% of the articles were studied without a review method and in a descriptive manner; More than a third of the articles focused on a technological approach; And in articles that were studied; More than 35% of the articles focused on Tehran. Based on the research results, thematically and geographically; Also, there is no uniform distribution in the production of articles in the provinces of the country. At the same time, due to the ten-year period and rapid global developments, the evolution from review articles to applied articles is not observed in the scientific communities of the country.

Due to the globalization of the economy and the fluidity of capital, the competitiveness of metropolises is one of the most important vital strategies. In this regard, branding based on the environmental capabilities, including the optimal use of the geographical foundation of urban rivers, for example, the cities of London and Paris, are among the fundamental strategies to achieve this importance. But the problem of this research was that Ahvaz metropolis has not been able to use Karun River as an influential brand to attract customers, tourists, investors, global companies and to obtain target markets - according to its capabilities, which logically the roots should be considered to investigate the subject. Therefore, the present study followed an exploratory approach and used a descriptive-analytical method based on library and documentary studies. Also, the qualitative method of data theory (grounded theory) and content analysis has been used. The research tool was MAXQDA software. According to the findings, which were done in combination with presenting some suggestions, the background and intervention conditions were not suitable. Therefore, to achieve the Karun River as an influential brand of Ahvaz metropolis and its benefits, there is a need for four strategies, including necessary and immediate measures, urban planning and architecture measures, social and cultural measures, and measures specific to the Karun waterway

Smart urban growth is a holistic pattern, which tries to guide the growth of cities with the least negative consequences. The present study was conducted to assess the current situation of the metropolis of Ahvaz in terms of appropriateness to urban smart growth available  indicators.

The present research is an applied type that has been done with a quantitative-analytical approach. The statistical population of the study is regions of Ahvaz metropolis; The data related to 54 indicators of smart urban growth in the scale of these areas and in the framework of 4 criteria physical - land use, socio-economic, access - transportation and environment using a combination Shapiro-Dilek and Kolmogorov - Smirnov and single sample t; Index of dispersion and Vicor method were also analyzed.

Ahvaz has not had smart And there are differences between regions as well as indicators in this metropolis. In relation to the appropriateness of Ahwaz metropolitan areas with the indicators of smart urban growth, in the physical index, the first 7th region and the last 8th region; In the socio-economic index, zone 2 first and zone 6 last; In the access-transportation index, the first zone 4 and the last zone 6; In the environmental index, zone 4 is the first and zone 6 is the last, and in the integrated index, zone 4 is the first and zone 6 is the last. the situation of environmental criteria is more inappropriate than other criteria. However, other criteria are not in a good position.

Among the metropolitan regions of Ahvaz, region 6, and among the indicators of smart urban growth, the environmental index has the most unfavorable situation. Also, the access-transportation index will have the greatest effect on reducing the distance between regions, so improving these three is a priority.