دکتر کیوان کاکابرایی

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an auditory verbal rehabilitation program on speech development performance in preschool children with cochlear implants in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. This was an experimental study using a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The sample consisted of 24 deaf children (12 in the experimental group and 12 in the control group). The sampling method was purposeful and convenience sampling. The main tool for assessing speech development performance in deaf children was the Speech Clarity Rating Scale. This scale was developed in 1998 by Allen and colleagues to assess the speech production of children. The experimental group received auditory verbal rehabilitation training (12 sessions lasting 45 minutes, 2 or 3 times a week), while the control group received no intervention. The measurement tools included speech development questionnaires administered at both pre-test and post-test stages. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and covariance analysis. After six months of implementing the rehabilitation program, the findings showed that the average speech development scores for the control group were 2.92 in the pre-test phase and 2.85 in the post-test phase, while for the experimental group, the scores were 3.17 in the pre-test phase and 3.58 in the post-test phase. The results of the one-way analysis of variance of the speech development scores before the training indicated that there were no significant differences between the two groups (experimental and control) before the intervention (P > 0.05). The one-way analysis of covariance showed that after adjusting for the pre-test effects, there was a significant difference in the post-test mean scores between the experimental and control groups (P < 0.01). The effect size of this difference was 0.61, meaning that 61% of the variance in speech development was attributable to the group differences. Finally, the adjusted mean post-test speech development scores revealed that the experimental group (3.48) performed better than the control group (2.94) in the post-test. On the other hand, it can be said that the active participation of parents in the therapeutic process accelerated speech learning and improved the child's performance in natural environments. These findings suggest that the verbal auditory rehabilitation program can be an effective tool for improving the speech and language skills of deaf children in various regions, including the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.

The purpose of present study was investigating the effectiveness of family-centered problem-solving intervention on parental interaction specific learning disabilities students. This study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest-follow-up study with a control group. The statistical population included students with special learning disabilities in Kermanshah city. 44 students with special learning disabilities referred to comprehensive assessment, education, rehabilitation, and developmental-educational intervention centers were selected using purposive sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental groups (22 people) and control groups (22 people). Just the experimental group participated in 15 sessions (45-minute) of a family-centered problem-solving workshop. The Parental Interaction Scale (Gerald 1994) was used to collect data. Data analysis was repeated measures analysis. The results showed that in the experimental group, there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores in the subscales of satisfaction with parenting, relationship with child, and parent-child relationship (P<0.001), and no significant difference was observed between the post-test and follow-up scores, indicating the stability of the effect. In the subscale of creating limitations, despite the decrease in the mean score, no significant difference was observed in the stages. Considering the effect of family-centered problem-solving intervention, the application of this educational program is great importance for parents of students with special learning disabilities.

Considering the psychological needs of infertile women, the important role of cognitive emotion regulation in their psychological state, and the lack of an intervention to deal with infertility stress in Iran, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral infertility stress coping training on the cognitive emotion regulation of infertile women.

This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test/two-month follow-up design. The study population consists of infertile women who referred to infertility treatment centers and visited specialists in Kermanshah, Iran, in 2021. Using a convenience sampling method, 40 women were selected and were divided into two groups (intervention and control). They completed Newton’s fertility problem inventory and Garnefski and Kraaij’s cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 24 using repeated measures analysis of variance.

There were significant differences in the CERQ scores in the intervention group between the three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up (P<0.05). The significant effect was maintained in the follow-up stage (P<0.05).

The cognitive-behavioral infertility stress-coping training program is effective in improving the cognitive emotion regulation of infertile women. Therefore, this program can be used to reduce the stress of infertile women in Iran.

The aim of the present study is to repeat the concept of the obedience to authority test of Stanley Milgram (1963-1974) by controlling the influence of disturbing variables raised by critics such as (the role of laboratory conditions, the believable implementation of deception, the effect of trust in the normal personality of the experimenter, the legroom effect using stimulating and coercive sentences) in a comprehensive plan and also investigating the correlation of two variables of age and gender with the level of obedience to authority.

The quasi-experimental research method was pre-test-post-test of one group and also of correlation type. The statistical population included all undergraduate students in the field of psychology at Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah branch in the academic year 1401-1402, and using the available sampling method, a class of 30 people from the psychology department was selected as a sample. The research tool included a researcher-made questionnaire. SPSS software version 26 was used for data analysis.

The results indicated that 84% of the subjects obeyed the orders of the authority significantly (p=0). Also, there was no correlation (r=0.047-0.008) between the variables of age and gender and the level of obedience.

Considering that in the present study, the influence of disturbing variables that had influenced the results of Milgram's research was controlled, the results obtained showed a high level of obedience in line with Milgram's research.

For many people, infertility is a cause of psychological stress that can cause emotional stress and many negative psychological reactions, including depression, anxiety, shame, hopelessness, decreased self-esteem, feelings of sexual inadequacy, and decreased sexual satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral training package for coping with infertility stress on cognitive regulation of emotion and hope in infertile women.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a two-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the study was infertile women referred to infertility centers and gynecologists and infertility specialists in Kermanshah in 2021. Among the infertile women eligible to participate in the study, 60 were selected as a sample using the convenience sampling method based on informed consent and were randomly assigned into two groups (intervention and control). Newton et al.'s Infertility Stress Questionnaire, Garnevsky and Kraij's Cognitive Regulation of Emotion and Schneider's Hope were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance with repeated measurements.

The results showed that there was a difference among the three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up in cognitive emotion regulation (F=60.392, p<0.05) and hopefulness (F=68.794, p<0.05), and this significant difference continued until the follow-up stage.

Cognitive-behavioral coping training package for infertility stress in infertile women can be effective in cognitive regulation of emotion and hope in infertile women. This program can be used to reduce stress in infertile women along with drug treatment.

 Infertility is one of the major reproductive problems and is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of sexual intercourse without using any method of pregnancy prevention. The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of designing a cognitive-behavioral coping training package for infertile women, specifically focusing on the impact of infertility stress on distress tolerance and cognitive regulation of emotion.

This was a quasi-experimental design that involved a pre-test, a post-test, and a two-month follow-up. The participants were infertile women who were referred to infertility centers and the offices of gynecologists for infertility treatment in Kermanshah city in 2021. Sixty people were selected as a sample using the purposeful sampling method based on informed consent and randomly divided into three groups (two experimental groups and one control group), and each experimental group trained in 12 sessions using a cognitive-behavioral coping training package with Ghobadi infertility stress. Data collection forms included Perceived Infertility Stress (PIS), Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), and Cognitive Emotion Regulation (CER). The statistical tests consisted of chi-square and repeated measure ANOVA, which were analyzed by SPSS V.24, and the level of significance was considered less than 0.05.

There is a difference between the three stages of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up in the Distress Tolerance scale (P<0.001) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation’s scores (P<0.001). Also, these differences were significant between groups during the follow-up stage (P<0.001).

The cognitive-behavioral coping training package with infertility stress can be effective in decreasing the distress tolerance and cognitive emotion regulation of infertile women's emotions.

One of the most important anxiety disorders that disrupt people's lives is social anxiety disorder. This anxiety is caused by concerns related to negative evaluation and fear of adverse reactions from others, an expectation of failure in socialization, or rejection of their weakened social skills. One of these psychological variables that may be affected by social anxiety in people, especially in teenage students, is social skills. Adolescents with social anxiety are at risk of social immaturity and social dysfunction. Various research studies have proven the effectiveness of treatment protocols such as endurance exercises, metacognitive therapy, and solution-oriented therapy in improving social skills. However, in the review of the effectiveness of the mentioned treatment protocols, no study examined the differences between these treatments. So, the purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of metacognitive therapy, solution-focused therapy, and endurance exercises on the social skills of female students with social anxiety disorder.

The current research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and a one-month follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all female students of the second high school level in the three educational districts of Kermanshah City, Iran, in the academic year 2022-2023. From this population, 60 students were selected according to the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 15 students each (three experimental and one control). The inclusion criteria were personal satisfaction with attending training sessions, diagnosis of social anxiety disorder (getting a score of 19 and above on the social anxiety questionnaire), not having a medical history related to social anxiety, and not suffering from other psychological disorders. The exclusion criteria were the use of psychiatric and psychoactive drugs, the absence of more than two sessions, and participation in other courses and therapeutic interventions at the same time as the present study. The therapeutic interventions of endurance exercises, metacognitive therapy, and solution-focused therapy were applied to the experimental groups. The control group remained waiting (the group awaiting treatment), and no intervention was used. To collect information, the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) (Konnor et al., 2000) and the Teenage Inventory of Social Skills (TISS) (Inderbitzen & Foster, 1992) were used. Data analysis was done in SPSS 23 software with the analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni's post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05.

The findings showed that, in the posttest and follow-up stages, all three treatments increased appropriate social behavior and decreased inappropriate social behavior of female students with social anxiety disorder (p<0.001). Also, among the three treatments, the solution-focused treatment was more effective in the posttest of the appropriate social behavior variable than the endurance exercises (p<0.001). In the posttest of the inappropriate social behavior variable, the solution-focused treatment compared to endurance exercises (p=0.021), and in the follow-up of the inappropriate social behavior variable, metacognitive therapy (p=0.008) and solution-focused treatment (p<0.001) compared to the endurance exercises was more effective.

The results showed that all three treatment models can be used in the Iranian clinical sample. However, solution-focused treatment is more effective in appropriate social behavior than endurance exercises. In addition, this treatment is more effective in inappropriate social behavior than two metacognitive treatments and endurance exercises.

The aim of present study was investigating the impact of social problem solving training on reducing anger among adolescent students. This research was a quasi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design and follow-up with a control group. 30 teenage students were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group). The social problem solving training program D’Zurilla and Nezu(2007) was implemented in 10 one-hour sessions on the experimental group. Then, the level of anger of the participants was measured in the pre-test-post-test-follow-up phases using with multidimensional student anger questionnaire (Smith, Furlong, Bates, Laughlin, 1998). The research data was analyzed through the method of mixed repeated measure. The results showed that the average scores of the participants in anger and its subscales in the post-test stage compared to the pre-test stage in the experience of anger, positive coping and hostile attitude had a significant difference, but there was no significant difference in the destructive coping subscale. Also, there was no significant change between the post-test and follow-up scores in all the anger subscales of the students in the experimental group, which indicated the significant persistence of the changes resulting from the social problem solving training in the follow-up phase. The findings of this research showed that social problem solving training has been effective in reducing the anger of adolescent students.

The present study was conducted to compare the impact of acceptance and commitment-based couple therapy and cognitive-behavioral couple therapy on reducing violence and marital attribution styles of couples seeking divorce.This semi-experimental research is of an experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical sample consisted of 60 couples applying for divorce in Yasuj city in the first quarter of 2012, who were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups of 20 people, cognitive behavioral couple therapy group, acceptance and commitment based couple therapy group, The control group (10 couples in each group) were included. Before and after the implementation of the interventions, the subjects responded to the Spouse Abuse Questionnaire and the Matrimonial Attitude Context Finding Scale. The results of covariance analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the average scores of subjects in the components of emotional violence and physical violence and marital documents in the experimental groups of cognitive behavioral couple therapy and acceptance and commitment-based couple therapy with the control group (P<0.05). ). Post Bonferroni test also showed that there is no significant difference between the two groups of cognitive behavioral couple therapy and couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment. Both interventions of couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral couple therapy are effective in reducing violence and improving marital documents of couples applying for divorce, and each of the interventions can be used separately or combined.

Psychological capital is one of the new concepts that has been introduced in positive psychology and can play an important role in increasing people's ability in various aspects of life, especially in the field of resilience and various dimensions of resilience.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a psychological capital training program based on positive psychology on students' academic resilience.

The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and 2-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all first and second-grade high school students in Kermanshah in the academic year 2023-2024. The research sample consisted of 26 high school students in Kermanshah who were selected by random sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (13 people in each group). The students answered the Academic Resilience Questionnaire in three situations: pre-test, post-test, and 2-month intervals (Samuels, 2004). The experimental group received psychological capital training based on the educational model of Luthans and Yousef (2004) in 12 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group did not receive any intervention during the training period. To analyze the data, repeated measure analysis of variance using SPSS software. 25.

The results of repeated measure analysis of variance showed that there is a difference between the scores of Pre-test and post-test (intervention effect) and pre-test and follow-up (time effect) in the variable of academic resilience and its components (P< 0.05). There is no significant difference between the mean scores of the post-test and follow-up (stability of the intervention) in the variable of academic resilience and its components. In other words, the stability of the intervention has been maintained over time.

Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the psychological capital education program based on positive psychology has been effective in increasing academic resilience and this treatment can be used to increase student academic resilience.

For many people, infertility is a prominent crisis and cause of mental stress that causes many unfavorable psychological reactions. The purpose of the research is to design a cognitive-behavioral coping training package with the stress of infertility and its effectiveness on the hope of infertile women.

The present study was conducted using a mixed method using the qualitative part, content analysis type, and the quantitative part, semi-experimental, in the pre-test-post-test-two-month follow-up design with the control group. The statistical population of this research was infertile women referring to infertility centers and gynecology and infertility specialists in Kermanshah in 2022. A sample of forty women was selected as a sample using the purposeful sampling method and replaced in two groups (experimental and control) in a simple random manner. Data were collected from Newton et al.'s infertility stress questionnaire (1999) and Schneider's Hope (1991). The data was analyzed using a content validity test and repeated measurement variance analysis tests.

The designed educational package was valid and adequate. The findings showed a significant difference between pre-test, post-test, and follow-up in the component of hope, and this difference continued until the follow-up stage.

The educational package on cognitive-behavioral coping with the stress of infertility of infertile women can be used to reduce the stress and increase the hope of infertile women.

Infertility is a stressful event in human life and nowadays it is a relatively common problem among couples. The purpose of this research is the effectiveness of the cognitive-behavioral coping training package with the stress of infertility on hope and tolerance of distress in infertile women

  This study was a semi-experimental type with a control group, with a pre-test-post-test design and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of this research was infertile women who referred to infertility centers and the office of gynecologists and infertility treatment in Kermanshah city in 2022. Among the infertile women and in order to control the effect, 60 people were selected using the available sampling method based on informed consent as a sample and randomly selected in three groups (2 experimental groups under cognitive-behavioral coping training with infertility stress and 1 control group ) were replaced and the experimental groups were trained in 12 sessions using the cognitive-behavioral coping training package with infertility stress (Ghobadi, Kakabraei and Guderzi, 2024). In this research, to measure the scales, from the infertility stress questionnaire of Newton et al. The data collection tool is Newton et al.'s infertility stress questionnaire (1999), Simmons and Gaher's emotional distress tolerance (2005) and Schneider's hope (1991). Data analysis in SPSS-24 software is from repeated measurement analysis of variance and checking its defaults.

Examining the effectiveness of the educational package on the tolerance of distress and hope of infertile women showed that there is a difference between the three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up in tolerance of distress and hope and their components (p=0/001), and this significant difference continued until the follow-up stage (p=0/001). The size of the effect of education on hope and distress tolerance is equal to 0.831 and 0.967, respectively.

The cognitive-behavioral coping training package with infertility stress of infertile women can be effective in bearing the distress and hope of infertile women, and this program can be used to reduce the stress of infertile women

The purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy, solution-oriented therapy, and endurance exercises on the problem-solving styles of female students with social anxiety disorder. The design of this research is a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a heterogeneous control group and a one-month follow-up. The statistical population was female students of the second level of high school in the three educational districts of Kermanshah in the academic year 1401-1402. From this population, 60 students with social anxiety were selected by screening and according to the criteria for entering the study. They were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 15 people (three experimental and one control). The research tools included social anxiety questionnaires (Kanor, 2000) and problem-solving styles (Dzurila et al., 2002). The data were analyzed with SPSS23 software and analysis of variance and Benferoni's post hoc test. The findings showed that metacognitive therapy, solution-oriented therapy, and endurance exercises increased efficient problem-solving styles and decreased ineffective problem-solving styles in people with social anxiety (P≤0.05) and among the three treatments, metacognitive therapy in efficient problem-solving styles and metacognitive and solution-oriented treatment in ineffective problem-solving styles were more effective than endurance exercises (P≤0.05). Based on these findings, it can be said that all three treatment models can be used in the Iranian clinical sample.

 Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder. Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent disease affecting these individuals from middle age onwards and leading to numerous problems for individuals, their families, and their caregivers. To develop Alzheimer's prevention strategies for Down syndrome, it is of utmost importance to understand the factors that contribute to its development, such as psychological foundations. The present study aimed to analyze personality and lifestyle in slow-paced adults with Down syndrome with and without Alzheimer's disease.

This qualitative research was conducted based on a descriptive phenomenological design. The research population consisted of adults with Down syndrome (60 cases without Alzheimer's and 10 subjects with Alzheimer's), their parents, and caregivers in Kermanshah province in 2023. In this regard, data collection was carried out through access to medical records of individuals in the Welfare Organization and also semi-structured interviews with these individuals who were purposefully selected until reaching the stage of theoretical saturation. Data analysis was performed using the Clausi method, and the main and sub-themes were identified. For final validation, the criteria of validity and reliability were used.

The findings from the data analysis resulted in the extraction of 3 main themes (social-psychotic-coping skills), 14 sub-themes in personality dimension, and 9 main themes (sleep-physical activity-occupation-physical health-weight control and nutrition-personal hygiene-smoking and alcohol consumption-leisure time-doing things independently) and 21 sub-themes in the lifestyle dimension.

The results of this study highlighted the role and importance of a healthy lifestyle and adaptive personality characteristics in preventing Alzheimer's disease in slow-paced adults with Down syndrome. Therefore, it is suggested that preventive and awareness-raising programs in these two dimensions be developed and implemented by experts and official centers.

One of the most common disorders that negatively impacts all aspects of individuals' lives is social phobia disorder. In recent decades, there has been an increasing trend towards investigating the effectiveness of new therapeutic approaches in reducing social anxiety disorder among adolescents, and treatment protocols such as endurance training, metacognitive therapy, and solution-focused therapy have been examined for their efficacy in various studies. However, a research gap exists as no study has focused on comparing the differences between these treatments.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy, solution-focused therapy, and endurance training on self-efficacy beliefs of female students with social anxiety disorder.

The present study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up. Sixty female students from the second grade of secondary school in three educational districts of Kermanshah city in the academic year 1401-1402 were selected as the research sample based on accessibility and inclusion criteria. They were randomly assigned to four groups of 15 (three experimental and one control). The research instruments included the Social Anxiety Scale (Connor, 2000) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (Sherer, 1982). The data were analyzed using SPSS23 software and mixed analysis of variance.

The findings indicated that all three treatments led to an increase in self-efficacy beliefs of students with social anxiety disorder (p< 0.05), and no significant differences in effectiveness were observed among the three intervention groups of metacognitive therapy, solution-focused therapy, and endurance training (p> 0.05).

Given that metacognitive therapy, solution-focused therapy, and endurance training were effective in enhancing self-efficacy beliefs of individuals with social anxiety disorder, it is recommended to utilize these two approaches to reduce social anxiety symptoms and improve the quality of life and other problems in private counseling centers.

 Psychological damage caused by disability is associated with personal, social, and occupational challenges of disabled people, and these people face various negative consequences. The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the cognitive emotion regulation of people with physical and motor disabilities.

 This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest/posttest design. Participants were 30 people with physical and motor disabilities (15 in the intervention group and 15 in the control group) who were selected using a purposive sampling method and random allocation. The intervention group received ACT. The data collection tool was Garnevsky's cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software.

 The results of the analysis of covariance showed that the mean post-test CERQ scores of the intervention group were significantly lower compared to the control group, indicating the effectiveness of the ACT in improving the cognitive emotion regulation.

 The ACT is effective in improving the cognitive emotion regulation of people with physical and motor disabilities. Further studies are recommended in other age, gender, and disease groups.

In recent research, defects in cognitive processes have been proposed as one of the cognitive causal hypotheses, and psychological interventions can help to improve this disorder. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) focuses on increasing psychological flexibility, which is the ability to pay attention to experiences in the present without bias. Metacognitive therapy (MCT) also emphasizes how a person responds to his/her thoughts and how he/she communicates with them. Conducting comparative research on these two types of treatment in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder has received less attention.

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of ACT and MCT in reducing insufficient executive functioning in obsessive-compulsive patients.

The current research design was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder who were referred to counseling centers and psychological services in Kermanshah City in 2022. 45 of these patients were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups (a treatment group based on acceptance and commitment and a metacognitive treatment group) and a control group (15 people in each group). The measuring tool in this research was the Wisconsin card sorting test of Grant and Berg (1993). The treatment protocol based on acceptance and commitment (Bach & Moran, 2008) and metacognitive therapy (Wells, 2008) were implemented during eight 60-minute sessions for the first and second experimental groups, respectively, but the control group did not receive any intervention. In order to analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance and SPSS-23 software were used.

The results of the one-way analysis of variance showed the effectiveness of both treatment models in increasing the number of completed classes, increasing the number of correct answers, and reducing the residual error (p<0.05). Also, based on the results of Toky Post Hoc test, a significant difference was observed between the two treatment groups in the research variable, And the treatment based on acceptance and commitment has been significantly more effective in increasing the number of classes completed, increasing the number of correct answers and reducing the error remaining in participants compared to metacognitive therapy. (p<0.05).

The study findings suggest that both treatments were effective in improving the executive function of obsessive-compulsive patients. However, the effectiveness of ACT was significantly higher than MCT.

Nowadays, cognitive-behavioral approaches, including problem-solving methods, are used to enhance the quality of life of family members and achieve differentiation, especially among couples. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of family-centered problem-solving training on couple differentiation.

This research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest and a control group. The statistical population comprised married individuals who were referred to the counseling center at the Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah branch. Initially, 30 couples who visited the center to resolve their marital issues were selected and randomly divided into experimental (15 couples) and control (15 couples) groups. Subsequently, the experimental group underwent family-oriented problem-solving training in ten face-to-face sessions, each lasting 90 minutes. Data were collected using the Skowron & Friedlander Self-Differentiation Scale (1998) and analyzed statistically in SPSS version 22 using covariance analysis after the post-test.

Family-oriented problem-solving training significantly increased the differentiation of couples in the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.05).

According to the research findings, utilizing the family-oriented problem-solving training program as part of comprehensive educational plans to enhance couple differentiation is feasible.

Undoubtedly, sexual health education plays a pivotal role in fostering sound sexual development, mitigating adverse outcomes stemming from risky sexual behaviors, and establishing a robust basis for a healthy transition into adulthood.

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a sexual health training program concerning the enhancement of sexual knowledge and attitudes among women and men who are about to get married and are employed at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences during the initial months of 2023.

The research methodology employed a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The study encompassed individuals employed at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, specifically women and men on the verge of marriage. Through targeted sampling, 40 such individuals were selected to explore the components of sexual health and gauge the impact of the independent variable, with 10 couples assigned to the trained group and 10 couples to the control group. Both sets of participants completed the "Knowledge and Sexual Attitude Questionnaire" developed by Gospel in 2013 both before and after undergoing the sexual health training sessions, totaling 8 sessions, each lasting 40 minutes. Data analysis was conducted utilizing SPSS software version 26, employing covariance analysis to interpret the results.

The findings indicated that the sexual health educational intervention had a noteworthy and significant impact on the sexual knowledge and attitudes of individuals on the brink of marriage (p< 0.001).

The study's outcomes suggest that the sexual health training intervention package influences the sexual knowledge and attitudes of individuals on the verge of marriage, leading to enhancements in both women's and men's levels of sexual knowledge and attitudes.

The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of drug therapy and combined Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with drug therapy on premature ejaculation and intravaginal ejaculation latency in patients with primary premature ejaculation disorder. The research utilized a semi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test and a control group, incorporating a follow-up period of six and twelve months. The statistical population comprised all married individuals referred to psychological and counseling clinics in Kermanshah in 2021 for primary premature ejaculation treatment. The research sample consisted of 60 men selected purposively and randomly assigned to three experimental groups, along with one group waiting for treatment (15 people in each group). Data were collected using the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Instrument Questionnaire (PEDT, Simmonds et al., 2007) and a chronometer. Mixed variance analysis with repeated measures was employed for data analysis. The findings revealed that, respectively, the average scores of premature ejaculation (PE) and intravaginal ejaculation latency (IELT) in the drug therapy group at the post-test and six-month follow-up stage exhibited more significant decreases and increases compared to the CBT group with drug therapy. However, in the 12-month follow-up phase, the decrease in the mean scores of PE and the increase in the mean scores of IELT were higher in the CBT group with pharmacotherapy compared to pharmacotherapy alone. Additionally, the therapeutic effect remained in the drug therapy group until the six-month follow-up period (P<0.01). In contrast, the therapeutic effect in the CBT group with drug therapy remained stable until the twelve-month follow-up (P<0.01). The findings of this research can be applied in clinical and therapeutic interventions to improve and treat premature ejaculation and intravaginal ejaculation latency.

dynamic evaluation is more important than fixed evaluations for the academic performance of mentally retarded students. This method has been effective for intellectually disabled students who have reading disorders and socio-cultural disabilities to learn a second language. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the components of dynamic assessment and its effectiveness on teaching English in mildly mentally retarded students.

The research is a quantitative-qualitative combination. The statistical population was the qualitative part of educational experts and experts, and the quantitative part included students with mental disabilities in one district of Kermanshah city in 1400. The sample size in the qualitative part was 10 experts, and the sample size in the quantitative part was 30 people selected based on the purposeful sampling method and divided into two experimental and control groups by random assignment method. To identify the components of growth and empowerment factors, the qualitative method was used during the coding stages (open, central, selective) and finally, the structural equation method was used for the factor analysis of the indicators. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics and SPSS software were used to analyze the findings in the quantitative part.

The independent variable (group) had a significant effect on the dependent variables (cognitive strategies, memory, compensation, metacognitive, social dimension, emotional dimension and negativity).

The results identified two empowering and growing components from the point of view of the interviewers. The results showed that the dynamic evaluation program was effective on cognitive, memory, compensation, metacognitive, social, emotional and negativity strategies.

Customer orientation plays an important role in the success of organizations as one of the main strategies today. The existing models of customer orientation lack orientation in the psychological field, and this is not enough for companies and organizations whose life depends on the customer. The present study was conducted to investigate the structural equation model of the relationship between job stress, psychological well-being, and customer orientation with the mediating role of job satisfaction among the employees of Kermanshah Housing Bank.

according to the practical purpose, the present study is correlational in terms of the method of collecting descriptive information and the method of implementation. The statistical population was formed by the employees of Maskan Bank Kermanshah (N=420), and the sample size (n=201) was available by sampling. And it was determined using Cochran's formula in 1401. The data were collected through the standard psychological well-being questionnaires of Ryff (1989), Maslach's job burnout (1997), Smith and Hallin's job satisfaction (1969), Philip L. Rice's job strain (1992), Khalaj and Rahmani's job dissatisfaction (2021), job stress Jones et al (2010) and Donavan's customer orientation (2004) were collected and analyzed by structural equation modeling method.

The findings showed that job satisfaction positively affects customer orientation. The psychological well-being of the orbiting customer has a positive effect directly and through job satisfaction. Also, job stress hurts customer orientation directly and through job satisfaction.

The proposed model of banks and financial and service institutions in protecting their employees and creating mental health strategies within organizations provides guidance and a practical model for customer orientation.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy and compassion-based therapy on reducing mental rumination, anxiety and worry of obsessive-compulsive patients. The method of the present study was a quasi-experimental experimental method in terms of data collection and its research design was a pre-test post-test design with a control group. The study population consisted of all patients referred to counseling and psychological clinics in District 5 of Tehran. Sampling method The present study was purposive stepwise cluster sampling. Based on previous research, 15 people were selected for each group, which was a total of 45 people. Two educational packages and two questionnaires were used to evaluate the dependent variables of the research. First, the subjects in this study were trained in metacognitive skills for 8 weeks and 16 sessions of 90 minutes, then for 8 weeks and 16 sessions of each session, 90 minutes were trained in Self- Compassion. The Yousefi Ruminant Questionnaire (2005), the Connor Anxiety Questionnaire (2000) and the Pennsylvania State Anxiety Inventory (PSWQ) were used to diagnose obsessive-compulsive disorder patients. The results of analysis of covariance showed that metacognitive therapy and compassion-based therapy reduced mental rumination, anxiety and worry of obsessive-compulsive patients. The results also showed that there was no significant difference between the mean mental rumination, anxiety and worry of the clients in the first experimental group (metacognitive) and the second experimental group (self-compassion) in the sense that metacognitive education and compassion are equal. They can reduce mental rumination, anxiety and worry. When obsessive-compulsive patients become aware of their skills, talents, feelings, beliefs, attitudes, and cognitive and social abilities, and thus overcome their mental rumination, anxiety, and worry, they perform well and by doing Assignments at the right time and with the right quality gain experience in treatment success.