دکتر محمدجواد نجفی

Saqanefars are structures from the Qajar period that are derived from the indigenous and ritual architecture of Mazandaran. In contrast to comparable structures, Saqanfar Kijatekiyeh in Babol is characterized by a plethora of pictorial themes that are specifically focused on women. This research aims to explore the themes and significance of women's roles in these murals. The research questions are as follows: -What is the reason for the increased prevalence of women's motifs in Saqanfar Kijatekiyeh Babol in comparison to other Saqanefars? -What are the reasons for the prominence of women in these murals? - Which themes are illustrated in the murals of Saqanfar Kijatekiyeh, Babol? The research employs a descriptive-analytical method, which involves the non-random selection of specific images from epic, otherworldly, symbolic, and quotidian activity motifs and their description using an iconological approach. Significant developments and changes in women's status were reflected in the Qajar era, which saw a zenith in the redefining of women's roles in society, family, and art. The northern regions of Iran underwent a change in gender concepts as a result of their geographical and livelihood conditions. The development of women's roles is significantly influenced by historical, social, political, and cultural factors. The Tekiyeh building's simultaneity with the Qajar period, the fundamental changes in social relations, clothing styles, political positions, and aesthetic concepts of women, as well as the abundance of women's images, suggest a direct connection between these motifs and the political and social developments of the era. This is indicative of the impact of indigenous artists on the representation of political and social conditions within a particular historical context.

The Prophet of Islam elevated the status of women during his governance. Although, with his passing and the rise of the three caliphs, this status declined and deviated from the prophetic path. With the beginning of Imam Ali’s ruling, the situation of women transformed, and they were granted an active role in society. From the outset, Imam Ali sought to revive women’s true status by reforming past innovations. Women welcomed the policies of the Alawi government and supported his efforts, although in some cases, certain women’s actions inflicted serious harm on the state. This study, using library sources and a descriptive-analytical method, aims to investigate the interaction between women and the Alawi government from a historical and political point of view, addressing the question: How did governance and women interact during the caliphate of Imam Ali? The findings revealed that from the beginning of Imam Ali’s rule, women played an influential role in crises, particularly in the imposed wars. The Alawi government supported women and was committed to justice for them, just as it was for men. The Caliph was as accessible to women as he was to men, and they regarded him and the Alawi government as a safe refuge for restoring and enhancing their status. This supportive and dignifying approach fostered positive interaction between women and the Alawi government.

Social Development is the most important indicators of the government's valuation to give the society a role to be effective in the society, especially for the women of the society This issue has been considered as the main issue with the case study of the Prophet's government. At the time when Islam appeared, almost women of all societies did not have a proper status and were deprived of even the most basic human rights. But Islam and the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) paid great attention to restoring their true credibility. The attention that the social and cultural atmosphere of that day did not receive. The purpose of the research is to investigate the actions and policies of the Prophet of Islam in his government for the social development of women.Therefore, the main question of the article is, what were the policies of the Prophet (peace be upon him) to develop the social position of women in the Prophetic government? which has been answered by descriptive-historical analysis method and taking samples from library sources. On this basis, the noble Prophet of Islam, by fighting against the dominant way of thinking and the theory of male gender superiority over women, rejecting the culture of behavioral violence against women and paying attention to honoring their personality, Attention and encouragement to learning science and paying attention to the intellectual ability of women, Supporting women against social harm And the establishment of the effective presence of women in social and economic affairs will lead to their social development in their government. This process requires a conceptual revolution and fundamental change based on which development is defined as excellence and the woman's position is promoted from a peripheral position to a central position.This process is also completed in the light of understanding the concept of prophetic justice on the one hand and the concept of responsibility of believers towards others. In this context, the development starts from the individual and the primary social unit in which the individual is placed, and is established in the society on this basis. Al-Bit is formed in this process, in the space of cooperation. Therefore, the woman is placed in a structure based on cooperation and in the field of prophetic policymaking, the equal weight of men is defined in the path of social development. From the results of this new definition and reinterpretation, the presence and activity of women in various social and political events of the Muslim community, such as: emigration, pledge of allegiance, Hajj, the order of the famous and the prohibition of discrediting and criticizing the rulers of the government, participation in wars, consultation and consultation in government affairs, etc... is.

The rule of the Zaydi government in Yemen is the longest religious government in the Islamic world. Long rule over Yemen. In the meantime, the position of Imam Hadi Rossi has different dimensions and he has always been mentioned as a model for the leaders of this civilization in Yemen. The main purpose of this study is to answer the main question: what was the personality and performance of Imam Hadi Rossi as the founder of the Zaidi civilization in Yemen?The achievement of this research, which has been obtained by library and documentary methods and descriptive-analytical method using Persian and Arabic sources, especially Zaidi texts in the history of Yemen, states that the political thought and theological and jurisprudential principles of Imam Hadi Rasi He is the exaltation of Islamic civilization and he has a spirit of oppression and jihad with the enemies, religiosity and meritocracy, democracy and concern for the development of the country, while he is a skilled politician and a thinker in political, military, economic and cultural performance. His time has also fulfilled its mission of civilization for future generations of Zaydis in Yemen.

In the framework of the knowledge of "international studies" all political phenomena are variable. In other words, the world of international politics is a mixture of variables. In this process, the study of China's all-encompassing rise in the international system as an emerging power is a strategic issue. The political architecture and views of current Chinese officials on international relations are very different from those of previous Chinese leaders. The leaders of the new China are trying to bring their hegemony to the forefront of hegemony on the international stage and away from confrontation with the United States, away from the hustle and bustle of showcasing power. Undoubtedly, China will play an active and decisive role in redesigning and guiding the future world order.

China's superiority in the future world system based on components of power; The hegemony of the US-led monopoly system will face strategic bottlenecks.

To study the context of China's role-playing in the future world system and its consequences on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

US strategic constraints and threats to the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran will be severe or ineffective, and will also allow the Islamic Republic of Iran to develop its power and influence in the region and the world. Data collection: documentary-library, information analysis method qualitative.

Recognizing and examining the historical contexts of the Yemeni people's awakening and presenting examples of the Yemeni nation's resistance, in addition to being innovative and new in terms of research, has been considered as the main issue of the article here. The resistance of the Yemeni nation has been socio-political throughout history. In this regard, the research question is designed as follows; What effect have the historical examples of the Yemeni Awakening and Resistance had on the current developments in Yemen? (Method) The method of collection is to take notes from library resources. (Data collection tool) The findings of the article indicate that the Yemeni nation has experienced resistance and awakening in its political life since the beginning of Islam. In this article, we examined the historical examples of the awakening and resistance of the Yemeni people. In short, in the beginning of Islam, by leading the way in accepting Islam, participating in repelling sedition against the Prophet, declaring opposition to Saqifa Bani Sa'deh, being present in the geographical area of ​​the Islamic world, the closeness of Zaydi Shiites to the Twelver Shiites, defending Imam Hassan and Imam Hussein Attending the Tawabin uprising, not accepting the Abbasid caliphate, the uprising of Yahya bin Hussein and the formation of the Zaidi government in 288 AH, the uprising of the Ismaili righteous(Findings).

The issue of maintaining and expanding security in border areas, especially in countries that have long common borders with their neighbors, has always been the concern and sensitivity of those in the charge . Therefore, developmental differences between geographical locations are not the interest of human and damage the environment for development will create many problems for the future. Consequently, this study was conducted to investigate the opportunities and obstacles facing sustainable security in Bushehr province. In this research, the researcher has collected the required data in the form of libraries and documents. Based on the research findings, it is clear that in Bushehr province, opportunities for sustainable security development are favorable geographical location, favorable hydrocarbon resources, marine resources, the ability to produce new energy and also the province's bottlenecks in the field of sustainable security, military centers, economic resources, unemployment, Smuggling and problems of water resources can be mentioned. Improper use of resources has also led to environmental damage and deprivation of residents of services commensurate with the potential of the region

The issue of Palestine is one of the most challenging issues in Saudi's foreign policy, which has undergone major changes in the last decade, especially during the time of bin Salman. In general, the foreign policy behavior of each actor is shaped by the role of various factors, and because Saudi Arabia's approach as an influential actor in the Islamic world has always been influential in the course of this case; In order to properly analyze and manage this change of approach, it is necessary to identify and enumerate the effective factors and factors.(Introduction) The influential factors in Saudi's foreign policy are clearly after the coming to power of bin Salman.(Method) Accepting that the two variables of the individual and the international system have the greatest impact in this period (Hypothesis), the results of this study indicate that; On the one hand, developments in Saudi Arabia's internal environment, especially the role of the new leader and his personality traits, and on the other hand, external factors such as strategic cooperation with the United States, regional tensions, including competition with the Islamic Republic of Iran, failure to The Yemeni crisis and the establishment of a balance of power have been identified as the most effective factors in changing Saudi Arabia's foreign policy towards the Palestinian cause. (Results)