امیر کریمی

The Supreme Council of Education (and later Culture), which was established after the Constitutional Revolution in 1301 AH, was considered a legislative and effective institution in the country's education system. This institution has been active in various dimensions, including the teaching of social sciences, including history, being one of the areas it has paid attention to. However, scientific research has not yet focused on this issue, and in this regard, the aim of the present study is to discover the process of compiling and completing history education in the Supreme Council of Education from 1301 AH to 1317 AH and the Supreme Council of Culture from 1317 AH to 1320 AH, coinciding with the fall of Reza Shah. The originality of this research was based on the minutes of the Supreme Council of Education. The results of the study showed that the Qajar period can be called the period of "foundation" of history education; But the teaching of history in the Iranian educational system, especially in different periods, especially during the reign of Reza Shah, has been accompanied by a nationalistic approach and a diversity of curriculum content and has undergone a process of "evolution". This teaching of history includes different aspects of the history of Iran, the world and Europe and explains different cultures and civilizations. In this period, the Council introduces history teaching in different fields (primary, secondary and higher education).

Economic history is a branch of history that was less studied before the 20th century, but in recent years it has been noticed by researchers. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out scientometric research for a better and more systematic understanding of research in this field; in this regard, advanced research aims to analyze and illustrate scientific productions in economic history. The research method used was scientometric, done with Excel and VOSviewer software. The statistical population of the research was 6514 scientific articles from Science Direct scientific database between 1999 and 2023, which were extracted and analyzed. After entering the data from the scientific database into the software, 418 nodes, 11 clusters, and 3284 links were identified by repeating 8 times. The research results show that The trend of publication of articles is upward among journals, research in economic history, and among the words economic growth, economic history, innovation, institutions, economic development, growth, human capital, and immigration are top in terms of repetition. The categories of economic growth, development, institution, regulations, profitability, and the business cycle are topics that, despite being very popular, are no longer as necessary in this trend as in the last decade, and the categories of monetary policies, energy, mining, natural resources, government capacity, and Covid-19 were among the hottest categories.

The expansion of militarism in totalitarian regimes is common. This issue has been observed simultaneously in Iran during the Reza Shah era and Germany during the Hitler era; both governments had a modern and mechanized army, needed talented and motivated individuals to provide military force, and saw history education as a suitable arena for promoting their ideas. History education, by including issues about war, has the ability to develop militarism in the field of education. So the main question of the research is what were the dimensions of militarism in history education in Nazi Germany and Iran during the Reza Shah era, and what were the differences or similarities? In this regard, the aim of the present study is to conduct a comparative study of the functions of history education in the development of militarism in these two regimes. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on history textbooks. The results of the study show that, despite some similarities, the extent and nature of militarism in history lessons differed significantly between the governments of Reza Shah and Hitler. Reza Shah's focus was primarily on modernizing and protecting Iranian sovereignty, while Hitler's government pursued strongly expansionist policies.

The present paper, with a future research approach, identifies the most important challenges affecting the achievement of its goals in educating teachers at Farhangian University and tries to draw its desired perspectives in the time horizon of 1410. This research is based on Delphi methods and structural analysis in terms of nature and has a practical purpose using documentary and survey methods. Also in the present study, through a questionnaire from 17 professors of Farhangian University, the problem was raised. In this framework, the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by two methods of content validity as well as structural validity and reliability with the help of Cronbach's alpha (0.967). The research data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and statistical tests, and Mick Mac software was also used for structural analysis of challenges. Findings indicate that among the main challenges, educational, managerial and infrastructure challenges, respectively, and among the sub-challenges, the two variables of attracting efficient teachers and the quality of educational services play a key role among other variables. Based on this, the effects of variables on each other and their effectiveness, as well as variables that have indirect effects and have a lot of potential, were determined and identified. Finally, a comprehensive plan has been drawn in the form of a leading horizon in 1410 in order to use all its capacities to enable the realization of the strategic goals of Farhangian University as a mission-oriented university in the field of education.

The current research aims to review and analyze the content and citations of Poish quarterly articles in humanities education. The research method, content analysis, and citation that was done using Excel and SPSS software. The findings of the research showed that 77 articles were published in 10 issues of this quarterly magazine, from issue 16 to issue 25, of which 48 article titles were written as a group and the rest were written individually, the total number of citations was 2256, and the average number of citations for each article was 29.30. . Authors' self-citation was 10% and on average 10.45 external citations, 1.1 citations from the site, 12.6 citations from books, 14.93 citations from articles, and 0.74 citations from master's and doctoral theses. 65% of the authors of the articles were men and 35% were women. Also, 42.9% of the authors had the rank of assistant professor. Articles with 1135 citations and books with 972 citations are higher than other sources. Qualitative methods were used more with 64%, and curriculum and philosophy subjects with 16.9% also had the largest range of articles. As a result, paying more attention to internal documents, presenting group and interdisciplinary articles, increasing the quality of the publication, and paying attention to the neglected areas of humanities education such as; Physical education, economics, history, law, and other disciplines can lead to the improvement of the quality of the publication.

Considering the necessity of scientometric research in the growth and development of all sciences, the purpose of this research is to review and analyze the articles related to this field. The research method is descriptive-applied and includes all the articles in the field of future studies of politics that were indexed in the Science Direct citation database from 1999 to 2022. After filtering the articles, 10319 of them were analyzed with the help of Excel and VOS Viewer software to analyze and display the data. The findings of the research show that the number of articles has been increasing since 1999 and 2020 had the largest share in the number of articles. Also, research articles with a number of 9500 articles, social sciences, and medicine with a number of 601 articles were ranked first. Also, 12 clusters were identified that the topics: covid-19, racism, misinformation, crisis communication, analysis of sentiments have diversity, as well as acculturation, leadership, identity, internet, the government were the aforementioned categories of this field and fields such as; Social solidarity, social participation, political trust, international public relations, collective effectiveness, transformative leadership, legitimacy, social vulnerability, human rights, cyberbullying, human capital and discourse analysis were given less attention. As a result, paying attention to new and hot research areas and neglected areas can be studied by researchers and those interested in this field.

Considering the importance of scientometric research in this field, the present research was conducted with the aim of examining and analyzing scientific productions in the field of teacher internship. The research method is descriptive-applied and the research community includes; All articles related to teacher internships that were indexed in the Science Direct citation database from 1998 to 2022. 3899 articles were identified using internship keywords (school, teacher, student, education, teaching, etc.) and after refining them, 1306 articles were analyzed with the help of Excel and VOSviewer software. The findings of the research showed that the number of articles published in this field has been on the rise since 1998, and the year 2021 had the largest share in the number of articles. From among 8 clusters identified, teacher training, higher education, and mentoring had the most links with other categories. Topics such as virtual internship, self-efficacy and maintaining teachers' ability, covid-19, and 21st-century skills were new topics investigated in this field. As a result, conducting more studies with topics related to the conditions of society and more detailed topics can be a way to improve the performance of teachers' internship courses.

Despite the content and structural challenges, the teaching methods of history teachers are always considered as one of the most important issues of history education, however, a comprehensive solution to solve this problem has not yet been provided by experts in this field. If students do not have a participatory and active role in the history teaching process, education will be boring, pointless and confusing. This is despite the fact that cartoons as a medium for developing humor, critical thinking, logical thinking and enlightening history for students can be considered as one of the most significant tools for teaching history. The purpose of this research is to improve the quality of history teaching and increase students' interaction and participation in history lessons using cartoon media. In this paper, a qualitative and analytical descriptive method has been used, and data collection has been done using a fishing tool. The findings of the article show that cartoons can increase synergy, increase critical thinking, play the role of a complementary tool, increase self-confidence, increase students' peace and confidence, provide entertainment, increase creativity, increase the objectivity of history, and increase the durability of learning. Solve some of the upcoming challenges in history education. Based on this, the design of specialized courses for history students, the revision of history textbooks, and the need to design educational-historical cartoons are suggested.

Evaluating the performance of a happy educational media from the students' point of view as the main audience of e-learning can provide the necessary context for presenting appropriate educational strategies not only during the coronation period but also after it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of happy educational media in social studies courses from the perspective of students. The statistical population of the study included all male students of Zanjan junior high schools in the amount of 5983 people. The statistical sample size was determined based on Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table of 361 people and the members of the statistical sample were selected using simple random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 31 questions was used to collect the required data. This questionnaire included 7 dimensions: grade point average, students 'motivational states, desirability of educational content, management and educational coordination of academic courses, educational performance and students' satisfaction with being practical. Content validity method was used to perform the validity of the questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha test was used to calculate the reliability.Research data were analyzed using Wilcoxon, Friedman and t-test samples and SPSS statistical software. Findings indicate that the statistical population studied had a lower grade point average in social studies and did not have favorable opinions about the effectiveness of happy media in history and civics courses and considered happy media as medium and in need of increasing progress. The basis of strengthening the quality of content and happy software features.

Introduction: 

Creativity is one of the most important cognitive components, which is important to pay attention to in the educational process, especially in the elementary period.

Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of studying the effect of various educational games on the development of students' creativity.

It was a review type and databases of Nurmagz, comprehensive portal of humanities, scientific information center of academic jihad, Civilica, Alamnet, Mogiran, etc. were checked using research keywords and 19 related articles were published from 1390 to 1400 were selected and examined.

84% of the articles have proven the positive effect of play on the creativity of primary school children, 5% of the articles showed a negative effect and 11% did not show a significant effect between play and creativity. Also, 29 percent of the studies showed the effect of computer games on general creativity/abstract thinking/cognitive load/flexibility and fluidity/academic progress. Computer action games / computer game creation / medium game hours / imagination / pretend play / storytelling / poetry has a 9% effect on creativity and creative games of the center of intellectual cultivation / plant cultivation and games / comprehension, linear and combined games / based on the Taba curriculum / Role-playing games/ creativity-based play therapy/ geometric educational games had a 5% effect on creativity. Most of the articles pay attention to computer games and the impact of games such as: climbing games, running, singing, outdoor and nature games, business games, games with effective strategies, conditioned games, serious games Role-playing has been neglected.As a result, the use of educational games can increase the creativity of students, and it is important to pay attention to the neglected aspects in researches.

Stanisław Adam Jaśkowski is an assistant professor at the Faculty of Oriental Studies at the University of Warsaw, who received his Ph.D. His research topics focus on the modern history of Iran. Parcham Magazine has a unique place among Kasravi magazines and has a completely ideological approach that has been published in important periods of Iranian history; On the one hand, Reza Shah's government had just ended and hopes had been raised for the restoration of freedom of expression in the country, and on the other hand, restrictions on the publication of magazines had been tightened. All of these factors, along with Jaśkowski's familiarity with Iranian history and culture, prompted him to write a book about Kasravi's flag magazine. Ivan J. Siegel, , as a researcher, has written review articles to encourage readers to read the book. The translator's effort is to provide a correct and at the same time scientific translation for the readers of this writing.

Due to the formation of some theories explaining the revolution in specific social conditions, some of these theories are unable to answer the reason for the revolution and explain it precisely. Considering that four decades have passed since the Islamic revolution as one of the most important phenomena of the 20th century, the causes and factors and explanatory approaches of this revolution are still discussed among many experts. Accordingly, in the present study, the psychological explanation as one of the existing explanations that includes the theories of suppression of instincts, increasing expectations and relative deprivation is examined in the form of a theoretical framework, and it is measured, evaluated and criticized in the Islamic Revolution of Iran. Based on this, the main question of the article is whether psychological explanations are capable of analyzing the Islamic revolution. After applying the aforementioned theories based on descriptive and analytical qualitative method and using the fishing tool, the findings of the article show that based on the common implications, the most important causes of the ineffectiveness of psychological explanation in fully explaining the causes of the Islamic revolution can be mentioned as follows: Inattention to cultural approaches, lack of attention to the social and political structure of Iranian society and the leadership role of Hazrat Imam Khomeini (RA).

The present research was conducted with the aim of prioritizing the factors affecting the effectiveness of internship courses in Farhangian University. The method of this research was quantitative and its statistical population included graduates of Farhangian University campuses in Alborz province, 250 of whom were selected as a statistical sample. The data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and they were analyzed using a one-sample t-test. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by two methods of content validity as well as construct validity and its reliability was estimated with Cronbach's alpha (0.989). The findings of the research showed that according to the priority of the factors; Educational characteristics (3.44), individual characteristics (3.38), communication (3.2), organizational characteristics (2.54) and target schools (2.45) had an effect on the effectiveness of the internship course, and among all the factors, the memorandum of understanding, individual characteristics of the intern, guidance teacher and the professor had the highest average. As a result, in order to increase the effectiveness of internship courses in Farhangian University, paying attention to these factors based on the presented prioritization can be helpful.

This article aims to analysis the topics, findings and suggestions presented and neglected areas of research in education and citizenship education in Iran. The current research is of a Meta-analysis type and based on it, Normagz databases, Comprehensive Humanities Portal, SID, Civilica, Elmnet, Magiran using the keywords: "citizenship education", "curriculum objectives", " Desirable citizen", "components of citizenship", "citizenship education" were searched. All journal articles published from 2002 to 2021 were reviewed and by applying filters, 23 relevant articles were selected and analyzed in the title, objectives and findings of the research. After studying and evaluating the content of the articles, the findings and suggestions presented by them were reviewed and analyzed. The findings of the research showed that the tasks and goals of the education system in citizenship education need to be reconsidered. There is no balance between the content dedicated to the topic of citizenship and other content in textbooks, and the existing content lacks sufficient usefulness and is not attractive from the audience's point of view. Some aspects of citizenship education have been neglected and according to the current conditions, the coordination between the content and the needs of today's audience needs to be taken into consideration. It is also important to pay attention to the components of media literacy and technology in citizenship education as well as e-citizen education. As a result, it is necessary to seriously review the attractiveness, quality and quantity of content and various aspects of citizenship education in Iran's curriculum.

Many experts know Napoleon as a great strategist and military genius of human history. He was able to conquer all of Europe and draw the attention of the world to his war campaigns. His campaigns influenced the foundation of military education in the world and many military thinkers are still inspired by his strategies. Based on this, many researches are done every year, but unfortunately, many different aspects of his fighting method are neglected, which makes the need for research to introduce and analyze it essential. The aim of the current research is to analyze Napoleon's military strategy in the three dimensions of infantry, cavalry and artillery between 1800 and 1815, that is, during the period of military prosperity in major battles. Based on this, the method of this writing is descriptive and analytical, which uses library resources and internet sites as the main source. The findings of the research show that 1. Napoleon's strategy can be placed in three general categories: field, mental-psychological, and logistics, each of which has several sub-branches, and 2. Napoleon used each of his strategies to win the war. He has used it accordingly, but in general, he has had a flexible war method, however, a number of his mistakes were identified to explain his strategy more precisely.

Considering the position of scientometric researches in different scientific fields, the present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing articles related to the professional development of teachers. The descriptive-applied research method and the research area included all the articles on the professional development of teachers that were indexed in the Science Direct citation database from 1998 to 2022, after filtering the related articles of 2382 of them with Excel and V software. She. S. Weaver was analyzed. The findings of the research showed that the publication of articles in this field had an upward trend and was the most frequent in 2021. Also, research articles with 2071 works and teaching and teacher training magazine with 710 works were ranked first. Key words: professional development, teacher training, teaching improvement, teacher development, teachers, educational issues were the most frequent and co-occurring. Next, 8 clusters and 1883 links were identified, the first cluster had 38 subject categories and 603 links, and literacy and motivation category with 36 links had the most links with other members of the network. Clusters of online education, student engagement, self-efficacy, teacher expertise, coaching, new skills, social media, computational thinking, distance education, information literacy, robotics, data science, problem-based education, teacher awareness, rural teachers, virtual teaching And the training with the help of a trainer has a variety, and also teacher training, educational strategies, higher education and training were the most influential topics in this field. As a result, conducting research with new topics in the field of professional development of teachers can be effective in advancing the goals of teacher training.

The concept of globalization and intercultural issues has become so important in today's world that the issue of teacher education is no exception. In this regard, teacher training universities around the world have also turned to international internships. Therefore, this article has been done with the aim of reviewing the published articles in the field of international internship in foreign countries in a review manner. Articles published in Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, PabMed, Science Direct, Emerald, Eric databases were searched using the keywords: Overseas Internship, International Internship, Teacher Training Internship, Student Teacher, Professional Development, Teacher Training . All published articles from 2016 to 2022 were reviewed and analyzed, of which 20 were selected and analyzed. Findings showed that 20% of the articles had an impact of international internships on intercultural competencies, 19% on professional development, 17% on personal growth, 17% on teaching competencies, 8% on language skills, 7% on self-reflection. And 10% of countries spent their internships internationally with interns from different countries, 20% spent internships with the host country, and the remaining 70% of students in one country spent their internships in host schools. As a result, due to the effectiveness of international internships, it is recommended to pay attention to Farhangian University as well.