مریم وطن خواه

The Islamic Revolution of Iran established a religious government, which gave the clergy a special role and position. This role and position should align with the expectations of the people from this group. The significant social changes in the decades following the establishment of the Islamic Republic and the experience of the clergy's social role in these years may have changed the people’s expectations from this group. This study aims to understand the expectations of the people from the clergy, considering their function as a reference group in society. A qualitative approach using the Q-methodology was employed to categorize and analyze these expectations. In the first stage, 22 statements about the community’s expectations of the clergy were identified through 24 in-depth interviews with various social groups. Then, 40 Q-cards were sorted by the study participants on a spectrum from +3 to -3. Finally, using factor analysis of the Q-methodology, the community's expectations of the clergy were divided and analyzed into six categories: moral expectations, operational expectations, lifestyle-related expectations, promotional expectations, passive expectations, and managerial expectations.

The aim of this research is to understand how new media can intertwine the multifaceted dimensions and processes of religion and peace within (global) society in the current era. Additionally, it explores how religion can utilize new media to promote peace globally and converge various social and cultural groups.

This article employs existing theoretical and research capacities in religious studies and communication/media studies, utilizing a library-based method and an analytical approach. It seeks to answer research questions through a conceptual triangulation of three theories: "Meaning Mediation," "Geertz's Model; Religion as a Cultural System," and "Lederach's Peacebuilding Pyramid." 

New media can alter the meanings of concepts and, by enhancing knowledge and awareness, create platforms for constructive dialogues, mobilize civil actors, and showcase war victims to garner public support for conflict resolution. Religion, as a cultural resource, can also collaborate with new media to unite religious and secular actors around the theme of peace, overcoming media limitations such as filtering and the dissemination of fake news.

Gamification is considered a powerful tool for learning, developing skills, increasing user engagement, changing behavior, and building culture. Gamification is a broad concept that is constantly evolving to meet the ever-increasing demands of modern man. But it can be used in many different ways.Considering the important role of media in education and learning, the main problem of this research is how gamification can be used in media. The purpose of this research is to identify the capacity of gamification in the production of educational programs in audio media for children. This research has been done with qualitative method and by analyzing the themes of interviews of 9 experts in the field of child psychology, digital gamification and radio producers (as the most inclusive listening media). The results of the semi-structured interview with these experts were analyzed in the form of four main themes of "radio and children", "gamification and children's education", "gamification in the media" and "gamification of the educational program on the radio".The findings of this research showed that the effectiveness of teaching and learning through radio can be understood by referring to the theory of cognitive learning in psychology. Cognitive theorists emphasize perception, thinking, memory,

TV Religious programs must be attractive in terms of form and deep in terms of content in order to influence the formation and strengthening of the religious identity of their young audience. This article has been carried out with the aim of examining the aesthetic aspects of the visual components of TV religious programs and to know how they are used in these types of programs. In order to collect and analyze information, using the triangulation method, documentary methods, semiotics and case studies have been used. In this article, the semiotics method was used to understand the relationship between the six components of composition of images, stage and decor design, image background, color pattern, logo, and visual signs and lighting of religious elements in the programs "Samte Khoda" and "Soureh". The findings show that "Samte Khoda", as a religious program, has been more successful in the design of decor, color patterns, visual signs and lighting, and "Soureh" program - regardless of the presenter and guest's cover - only with images. The background has been shown to be religion-oriented, although in the composition of the image, in terms of technique and dynamics, it has been more successful than the "Samte Khoda" program. The results of the article can be used to create a local and unique model for the production of religious talk show programs.

Satellite networks are a sources of soft power and an important infrastructure for global communication. The expansion of communication and exchange of culture through satellite TVs imposed new values and, consequently, new behaviors; which could be a soft threat as it could gradually change the culture and identity of a nation. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully evaluate the effects of Sat. TVs on both individual and social aspects. The main question is: “what are the media threats of satellites TVs and how to countermeasure them accordingly?” To answer this question, two "surveys" with questionnaire technique and also "in-depth interview” method using “closed or guided interview" technique had been used. The statistical population in the survey was "all people over 18 years in Tehran who watch the satellite networks" and in the in-depth interview it was "specialists in communication and political sciences". It was found that out of a total 450 respondents, the most of the respondents believed in different threats of satellite TV, including "psychological, political, cultural, economic and military-security threats" and 33.3% evaluated the level of "satellite threat" as "moderate". Additionally, the most of them (43.1%) considered "improving media literacy" as the best countermeasure to satellite threats. The findings of the interview also confirmed that it is more appropriate to adopt diversity (ultra-active) and aggressive (active) strategies rather than passive strategies and maintaining the status quo strategies to deal with satellites.