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Today, due to the complexities created in the external environment of  universities and medical education institutions, the need to change the structure, processes and organizational systems to adjust with external environment is inevitable. Therefore, the purpose of present study was to evaluate the issue of organizational environment management in higher education institutions with the approach of a self- organization complex system in medical education institutions.

This is a qualitative research based on case study. In this regard, using a targeted sampling approach based on the criteria (based on the discipline, expertise, and related performance history) and theoretical saturation techniques, deep interviews were conducted with twelve managers and faculty members in relation to the phenomenon under investigation. Then, the data was analyzed using the Nvivo software through the method of thematic analysis and was categorized in the form of basic, organizing, and inclusive themes and was organized content network.

Based on the results, environmental management with self-organization complex system approach including infrastructure dimensions, develop organizational capacities, network change management, resources management, environment dynamics, interactive environment management, self-organization performance management and strategic management, each of which in turn has several components.

Results showed that by considering current situation of external environment of universities, necessity of using strategic approaches, key capacities of university, understanding interactive methods with external environment and improving performance in order to increasing effective response to environment is inevitable. Also, attention and continuous evaluation of environmental changes reticulated and using internal resources to meet these needs with systematic views and strategic based on sufficient response to social needs is necessary. Awareness of policy makers and managers of higher education institutions about the importance of the dimensions mentioned in this framework can continuously improve the performance of medical universities in responding to the needs of society and the external environment.

The balanced cantilever construction of pre-stressed concrete box-girder bridges has been recognized as one of the most efficient methods of bridge construction. This method has great advantages over other methods, especially in urban areas where traffic may be interrupted, or over deep valleys or waterways where formwork could be expensive and hazardous. Time-dependent deformation of materials has adverse effects on balanced cantilever bridges. The time-dependent concrete creep and shrinkage effects on segmental bridges are more critical than other types of concrete bridges. An increase in time-dependent deformation of concrete leads to the reduction of pre-stressing force of cables and affecting the service ability of the balanced cantilever bridges. The combined effects of creep and shrinkage of concrete and relaxation of pre-stressing tendons cause gradual changes in the internal forces and deflections of span. Despite a wide range of applications of balanced cantilever light-weight concrete bridges with longer spans, there is no sufficient knowledge about the time-dependent behavior of light-weight concrete. In this study, time-dependent analyses of balanced cantilever light-weight concrete bridges are carried out by considering the creep and shrinkage of light-weight concrete and relaxation of pre-stressing cables. Stolma bridge field experimental results are used to verify the analysis method. ABAQUS software capabilities are utilized to consider the step-by-step construction procedure, so the suitable simulation of the bridge lifetime is achieved. The numerical study is performed for one, three, five and thirty years after the completion of construction procedure. A parametric study is conducted based on three types of concrete LC60, LC40, and LC25 as well as two types of behavior of steel, normal relaxation and low (TRB) relaxation. The results demonstrate that time-dependent deformations have considerable effect on lifetime behavior of light-weight concrete bridge. Most of the time-dependent deformation happened in early years after the completion of construction procedure of the bridge. The parametric study showed the identical

In this research, tomato peel and waste seed obtained from tomato paste processing were dried and milled. The obtained powder was added to tomato ketchup sauce in different proportions (1, 2, 5, 7 and 10%). To study the effect of tomato peel and seed powder on physicochemical and nutritional properties of the tomato ketchup samples, the parameters including lycopen, total solid, brix, total sugars, reducing sugars, protein, fat, ash, fiber, vitamin C, pH, color (L, a/b) were evaluated. Rheological properties of the ketchup samples (consistency and viscosity) were determined and compared with control samples. Sensory evaluation of the ketchup samples was carried out after 1, 2 and 5 months of storage by a group of panelists. Addition of tomato peel and seed powder resulted in an increase in total solid, brix, ash, fiber, protein, fat, consistency and viscosity of the ketchup samples. Sensory evaluation tests did not show any significant difference between the color, flavor, texture and overall acceptability of the control and samples containing 1 or 2 % of tomato peel and seed powder. In addition, sensory evaluation tests did not show any significant changes in the ketchup samples during storage. Thus, it can be concluded that nutritional and rheological properties of tomato ketchup can be improved by addition of tomato peel and seed powder.