a. bagherpour

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) appears to be more common in osteoporotic patients. Fractal analysis is a mathematical method that can be used to assess trabecular bone. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation of bone mineral density (BMD) and fractal dimension (FD) of the condyles in women with TMJOA using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).  

In this cross-sectional study, the FD and lacunarity of the condylar head were assessed on CBCT images of 39 women (20 healthy women with no signs/symptoms of TMJOA, and 19 TMJOA patients). The BMD and the T-score of the hip and lumbar vertebrae were determined using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Data were analyzed by t-test, chi-square test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.

TMJOA patients and healthy controls did not differ significantly in terms of the mean age (P=0.63), BMD and T-score (P>0.05), or FD and lacunarity (P>0.05). A significant correlation was observed, however, between lacunarity in the two condyles (r=0.47, P=0.003) and BMD of the lumbar vertebrae and the hip (r=0.40, P=0.01). 
 Conclusion

The mean BMD of total spine and hip did not differ significantly in the two groups of healthy controls and TMJOA patients. The FD and lacunarity also       showed no significant difference between the groups. FD based on CBCT images of the TMJ is not a reliable indicator for categorization of skeletal status.

The paranasal sinuses are known for their complex anatomy and significant difference in size and shape. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anatomical variations of the paranasal sinuses in computed tomography (CT).

In this cross-sectional study, patients over 18 years of age, who had undergone CT imaging in a private clinic, were screened for eligibility of participation. After excluding the patients with evident sinus pathology in CT, 501 cases were included. An experienced maxillofacial radiologist evaluated the CT images and extracted the frequency of variations using a standardized data collection sheet. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent samples t-test, and chi-square test were used for the statistical analysis.

Among the studied variations, septal deviation and Agger nasi, each with 336 cases (67.1%), and concha bullosa, with 240 cases (47.9%), were identified as the most common anatomical variations of the paranasal sinuses. The uncinate bulla showed a significant correlation with gender (P=0.036).

Considering the remarkable prevalence of some important variations, which may increase the risk of complications in sinus surgery, CT evaluation of patients is recommended before surgical interventions in the sinuses.

In order to study of varying effects of colchicine concentration in 3 levels (100,150 and 200µl) and time effect in 3 levels (1,2 and 3 h) on chromosomal characters between 10 blood cell cultures from Nadjdi goat breed, cytogenetic study was performed. The samples were studied for several karyotypic characteristics, including long and short arm length, by which total length of the chromosomes, long arm to short arm and short arm to long arm ratio were calculated. Analysis of variance of mitotic data in factorial experimental design based on completely randomized design, showed highly significant differences between the studied cultures for all of the traits at α=0.01 level. Duncan test were carried out in order to classify the cultures and their chromosomes. All of the ten cultures of the breed had 30 chromosome pairs, Minimum total length of the chromosomes related to 100µl concentration and 1h time exposure and Maximum total length of the chromosome related to 200µl concentration and 2h time exposure. All of the interactions between cultures × chromosomes were non significant.

Due to the increasing use of pesticides in agriculture and the entry of pollutants into water sources, toxins cause serious problems in aquatics such as fish. The effects of Malathion on liver and kidney were studied in aquarium this toxin is also used in agriculture and easily through the water is flowing into the ponds. In this study, concentrations of pesticides were used in the four treatments; the treatments consisted of a concentration of 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 and control group. There were 20 fish and 30 liters of water per aquarium and all conditions were the same for four aquarium. After 2, 4 and 6 days of liver and kidney were taken pathology samples, Hepatic necrosis, hemorrhage and pathologic hypertrophy was seen in slides, the deterioration in renal proximal and distal tubes and bleeding, degeneration was seen in kidney tubes This study concluded that gold fish were exposed to different sub lethal doses of Malathion may cause necrosis and destruction of cells in vital organs.