a. dehghani

Nowadays, there is a desire in various industries, especially in the automotive industry, to join dissimilar sheet metals in order to reduce weight. Resistance spot welding is often applied to join body parts and its strength and dimensions of the weld are important. In this research, the influence of the electrode geometry with a diameter of 20 and 50 mm on the indentation depth of the resistance welding spot in the joining of sheet steel and the magnesium alloy AZ31 was investigated. A tensile shear test was carried out to evaluate the strength of the weld. The results showed that the strength of the joint was 5000 N and the 50% reduction in indentation depth by the electrode with a geometry diameter of 50 mm with an average indentation depth of 0.6 mm on the magnesium side. The structure of the weld in this joint had three Braze, solid solution, and solder regions. Moreover, dendritic coaxial grains in the center and coaxial and columnar grains at the periphery of the spot weld were observed.

Risky behaviors are a common challenges faced with adolescence and can have significant impacts on their physical and mental health. The aim of the this study was to examine a causal model of the tendency towards risky behaviors in adolescents based on the bright dimensions of personality, considering the mediating effect of distress tolerance as well as the moderating influence of perceived authoritative parenting style.

This study was conducted with a fundamental objective and a descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population of this study consisted of all adolescents aged 16-20 years in Isfahan City, from which a total of 474 individuals were selected through a staged sampling method. Data was collected using Buri's (1991) Parenting Authority Scale, Simon and Qaher’s (2005) Distress Tolerance Scale, Kaufman’s (2019) Bright Personality Triad Scale and Alizadeh’s (2008) Iranian Adolescent Risk-Taking Scale. For data analysis, methods of structural equation modeling were employed using SPSS AMOS-26 software at a significance level of 0.05.

In this study, 293 girls (61.8%) and 181 boys (38.2%) participated, with a mean age of 18.6 years. The direct path coefficients showed that the bright dimensions of personality had a significant negative impact on distress tolerance, and that distress tolerance had a negative and significant effect on risky behaviors (P<0.05, r=-0.226). Additionally, the bright dimensions of personality had a significant negative effect on risky behaviors. The indirect effect of bright dimensions of personality on risky behaviors through distress tolerance was found to be positive and also it was significant for individuals with different scores on authoritative parenting style (P<0.05, r=-0.286).

The authoritative parenting style can be an effective moderator in the connection between bright dimensions of personality and risky behaviors in adolescents. Furthermore, distress tolerance plays a significant role in mediating the reduction of risky behaviors. Hence, it is recommended that educational and supportive programs be developed for adolescents in order to improve their distress tolerance skills. This will ultimately lead to better mental health and a decrease in risky behaviors.

Differentiation is a self-differentiation that means balancing emotional and intellectual issues. Differentiation has affected personality dimensions in different dimensions, considering that self-esteem is the most definite factor in a person's psychological development and one of the most important factors affecting students' academic success. This study aimed to determine the relationship between differentiation and self-esteem in Jahrom University of Medical Sciences students in 2021.

This cross-sectional study was performed by available sampling with the participation of 170 medical, nursing, operating room, anesthesia, public health, and laboratory students of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences in 2021-2022. Data collection tools were the Skorn and Friedlander differentiation and Eysenck's self-esteem questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 software by Spearman correlation test.

The mean of differentiation was 181.97±37.94. A moderate level of differentiation was observed in 131 subjects (77.1%). A low level of differentiation was observed in 31 subjects (18.2%), and eight subjects (4.7%) showed a high level of differentiation. The mean of the self-esteem was 18.34±5.73. 157 students (92.4%) had a high level, and 13 subjects (7.6%) had a moderate level of self-esteem. There was a positive significant correlation between the differentiation and self-esteem of the subjects (p=0.001; r=0.398).

Differentiation and self-esteem have a positive significant relationship among Jahrom University of Medical Sciences students.

Froth stability is of particular importance and  has a significant impact on the flotation process. Froth stability can be defined based on the formation of froth (maximum froth height or froth retention time) or the froth decay (froth half-life). Froth stability is influenced by various factors such as the superficial air velocity (Jg), the collector dosage (CC), frother dosage (FC) and the sample particle size (d50). In this work the effects of these factors were examined. The results showed that increasing the Jg, the CC and the FC will increae the froth stability. For example, by increasing the FC from 60 to 140 g/liter, the froth retention time (FRT) and the half-life froth (t1/2) increased by 92% and 71%, respectively. Sample particle size behaved differently in froth formation and decay, so that by reducing the d50, the froth retention time increased but the froth half-life decreased.

Determining methods for assessing heat stress in different work environments is one of the major challenges for researchers in this field. The purpose of this study was to validate WBGT index and heat pressure assessment (HPA) by some physiological responses in Iranian South Oil Company.

This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 154 employees of Kharg, Asalouyeh and Mahshahr oil terminals recruited from three different working conditions including indoor, outdoor and rest environments in the summer. The amount of heat stress in the workplace was evaluated by WBGT index HPA method. To meet this purpose, the environmental parameters i.e., temperature, wet temperature, radiation temperature, relative humidity, water vapor pressure and air flow rate were determined. In addition to the direct reading method by the WBGT meter, ISO 7243 was used to calculate the WBGT index. In order to validate the heat stress indicators, physiological parameters of oral temperature, tympanic temperature and work metabolism were measured.

The results of paired sample t-test showed a significant difference between WBGT index and HPA in indoor and outdoor environment (P<0.05). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the physiological indices of oral and tympanic temperatures and work metabolism in the indoor and outdoor environment (P<0.05). Furthermore, the correlation test was significant between WBGT index as an independent variable and HPA as a dependent variable (P<0.05)  and showed a high correlation (R2=0.914) between WBGT index with oral temperature and tympanic temperature . Also, the rate of work metabolism was significantly related with the aforementioned parameters (P<0.05) and was equal to R2=0.423, R2=0.335, R2=0.552, respectively. The correlations were also significant between HPA with Oral temperature, tympanic temperature and work metabolism (P<0.05)and were equal to R2=0.632, R2=0.605, R2=0.557, respectively. The results showed also that the correlation rate between the HPA with physiological parameters is stronger than that between physiological parameters with the WBGT index.

This study showed that WBGT and HPA methods are useful for assessing the heat stress of Iranian South Oil Company. Also, the HPA method is more reliable for assessing heat stress in these regions.

In this paper, asymptotically AdS black hole solutions of massive gravity in the presence of nonlinear electromagnetic field arisen from the power theory of Maxwell invariant are investigated and the associated Euclidean on-shell action is presented. Using the Euclidean on-shell action, the gravitational partition function in the canonical ensemble is computed in arbitrary dimensions and then thermodynamic quantities of topological black holes are obtained. By extending the thermodynamic phase space, i.e., treating negative cosmological constant as thermodynamic pressure, the first law of thermodynamics as well as associated Smarr formula are examined. Next, the equation of state of topological black holes is obtained and it is proven that the critical point equation of these solutions can exhibit black hole phase transitions similar to those of van der Waals, van der Waals like and solid/liquid/gas (related to triple point) phase transitions in usual thermodynamic systems. Especially, the van der Waals phase transition is observed in 4 and higher dimensions, van der Waals type phase transition can be seen in 6 and higher dimensions, and phase transitions associated with triple point, i.e., small/intermediate/large black hole phase transition may happen in 6 and higher dimensions.

The presence of organic molecules containing active groups in the aqueous extract of Kiwi fruit shell converted it as a low cost and rich source of green inhibitors in corrosion control of carbon steel. In the present study, the synergistic inhibition effect of Kiwi fruit shell extract and zinc nitrate on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was studied using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. By means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the morphology and chemistry of surface were investigated. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was applied to recognize the functional groups of Kiwi fruit shell extract and its mixture with zinc nitrate. The EIS results indicated that after 24 h immersion of steel sample in NaCl solution containing 200 ppm Kiwi fruit shell extract and 600 ppm zinc nitrate the maximum inhibition efficiency of 85% was achieved. The potentiodynamic polarization analysis demonstrated that the corrosion inhibition dominantly occurred through anodic half-reactions. The interactions and complex formation of organic molecules of Kiwi fruit shell extract with iron cations and also the zinc cations adsorption on the cathodic sites resulted in the deposition of effective corrosion resistant film on the mild steel surface. Moreover, the images obtained from SEM analysis proved that the increase in the concentration of zinc nitrate resulted in the steel surface corrosion resistance increment so that with addition of 600 ppm zinc nitrate to the solution a uniform layer with less porosity was formed over the surface. These observations confirm the successful adsorption of inhibitor molecules on mild steel surface.

Sugeno-Weber family of t-norms and t-conorms is one of the most applied one in various fuzzy modelling problems. This family of t-norms and t-conorms was suggested by Weber for modeling intersection and union of fuzzy sets. Also, the t-conorms were suggested as addition rules by Sugeno for so-called  $lambda$–fuzzy measures. In this paper, we study a nonlinear optimization problem where the feasible region is formed as a system of fuzzy relational equations (FRE) defined by the Sugeno-Weber t-norm. We firstly investigate the resolution of the feasible region when it is defined with max-Sugeno-Weber composition and present some necessary and sufficient conditions for determining the feasibility of the problem. Also, two procedures are presented for simplifying the problem. Since the feasible solutions set of FREs

Tehran is a city which is being reproduced, constantly.This means that the contemporary Tehran  was formed when a new logic dominated  this reproduction process. This research studied the history of Tehran with a genealogical perspective to find the previous logics and make a clear image of contemporary order of the city, and how and why this order has been generated.
From 1989 with the changes in the government’s economic approaches, and in the urban management, a relation has been formed in which the city and space as commodities are being traded. This capitalistic relation is provided by suspension of urban rules. This new form of urban informality becomes possible with help of  the urban projects and the authority of management institutions like the Commission of the Fifth Article. Using the theory of urbanization of capital by David Harvey, and the theory of urban informality by Ananya Roy & Nezar AlSayyad, this research tries to analyze the new logic of Tehran and the role of effective factors and forces.

The contribution of longitudinal stieners to the shear capacity of composite plate girders has not been studied. This paper aims to investigate, both analytically and numerically, the ultimate shear strength of longitudinally stiened simply supported steel-concrete composite plate girders under shear loading. In this study, a theoretical formula is proposed to estimate the ultimate shear strength of such girders. The proposed method is approximate, simple, does not require any complex mathematical operations and can be applied to composite plate girders at the preliminary stages of design. The proposed analytical method considers the tension eld action within the plate girder web panel and the shear failure of the concrete slab. The method incorporates the eects of the concrete slab, composite action, and web shear buckling of the composite girder. The ultimate shear capacity of the composite plate girder may be considered as the combined shear strength resisted by the steel part of the girder and that by the concrete slab. These two components can be computed separately and summed up to obtain the shear strength of the composite girder. The method used to determine the shear strength of the steel part is similar to the Cardi model, in which the web panels are assumed simply supported along the longitudinal and transverse edges.
On the basis of previous experimental studies and detailed information obtained from ffnite-element studies, it may be considered that each individual subpanel in the longitudinally stiened composite plate girder can develop its own tension ffeld independently of adjacent subpanels. Furthermore, the web panels are assumed simply supported along the longitudinal and transverse edges. Three dierent locations of longitudinal stieners are investigated and appropriate analytical methods are proposed for each case. These locations are: close to the compression ange of the steel girder, near to the tension ange of the steel girder and in the middle of the plate girder.
Several validated ffnite element models of the composite plate girders having different conffgurations of longitudinal stieners are also generated to verify the proposed method and compare the analytical and numerical outcomes. These three-dimensional ffnite element models are developed to account for the geometric and material nonlinear behavior of composite girders. The models are frst veriffed by experimental values obtained for girders with no longitudinal stifeners, which have been tested by other researchers, and, afterwards, different confgurations of longitudinal stifeners are added to the models.
The calculated ultimate shear strengths using the proposed method are in good agreement with both numerical and experimental values. This indicates that the proposed analytical equations can be applied to predict the ultimate shear strength of the girders for design of- ffce use. In comparison with the un-stiffened girders, it is also observed that longitudinal stieners are able to reduce the buckling effects of the web steel plate, increase the elastic shear buckling strength, and, therefore, the ultimate shear capacity of the girders.

Spinal anesthesia in opium-addicted patients can be associated with many complications. Hence, this study aimed to investigate sensory and motor block characteristics, duration of postoperative analgesia, hemodynamic and side effects by adding Fentanyl to bupivacaine in spinal Anesthesia of opium-addicted patients.

In a double-blind randomized clinical trial, 60 American society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class I and II opium-addicted patients under spinal anesthesia in lower abdominal and lower limb operations were randomly classified into two groups of spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine and bupivacaine-fentanyl. Clinical symptoms, side effects, the duration of sensory and motor block, initiation of analgesia requirement and sensory block were assessed.

The study results indicated no significant difference between bupivacaine and bupivacaine-fentanyl groups in regard with demographic, side effects, blood pressure and heart rate, though a significant difference was observed in respiratory rate 5min, 10min, 45min, 75min and 90 min after block. Duration of sensory (100.33 to 138.83) and motor block (93.43 to 107.66) and, initiation of analgesia requirement (165.33 to 187.76) was significantly longer in bupivacaine-fentanyl, though initiation of sensory block (8.83 to 4.93) was significantly longer in bupivacaine.

Addition of fentanyl to bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia increases the duration of sensory and motor block and initiation of analgesia requirement in opium-addicted patients and also decreases initiation of sensory block in these patients.

Arterial hypoxemia is one of the main pulmonary complications after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Therefore, several proceedings have been recommended to reduce the complications, and to improve arterial hypoxemia as well as arterial blood gas parameters such as incentive spirometry. This study intended to investigate the effect of incentive spirometry on patients´ oxygenation.

In this randomized clinical trial, a sample size of 70 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft was chosen. Incentive spirometry was applied in the experimental group, whereas no special intervention was taken in the control group. Arterial blood gas samples were measured in three stages: Preoperation, the first and second day after surgery. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using descriptive and inferential statistics.

In terms of gender, 70% were males and 30% were females whose mean age was 61±9.7. Moreover, the duration of mechanical ventilation was 6.4±1.67. The study results indicated that no significant difference was observed between experimental and control groups in terms of parameters of arterial blood gases in preoperation, first and second postoperative days (P> 0.05).

Utilizing incentive spirometry did not have any effects on improving oxygenation in patients in the first and second days after surgery, compared with routine hospital treatment.

A n‌u‌m‌b‌e‌r o‌f e‌x‌p‌e‌r‌i‌m‌e‌n‌t‌a‌l t‌e‌s‌t‌s w‌e‌r‌e c‌o‌n‌d‌u‌c‌t‌e‌d t‌o b‌e‌t‌t‌e‌r u‌n‌d‌e‌r‌s‌t‌a‌n‌d o‌f t‌h‌e m‌e‌c‌h‌a‌n‌i‌c‌a‌l p‌e‌r‌f‌o‌r‌m‌a‌n‌c‌e o‌f a s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌a‌l c‌l‌a‌s‌s o‌f h‌i‌g‌h p‌e‌r‌f‌o‌r‌m‌a‌n‌c‌e f‌i‌b‌e‌r r‌e‌i‌n‌f‌o‌r‌c‌e‌d c‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t‌i‌t‌i‌o‌u‌s c‌o‌m‌p‌o‌s‌i‌t‌e‌s, n‌a‌m‌e‌l‌y e‌n‌g‌i‌n‌e‌e‌r‌e‌d c‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t‌i‌t‌i‌o‌u‌s c‌o‌m‌p‌o‌s‌i‌t‌e‌s (E‌C‌C) w‌h‌i‌c‌h i‌s r‌e‌i‌n‌f‌o‌r‌c‌e‌d w‌i‌t‌h h‌i‌g‌h m‌o‌d‌u‌l‌u‌s p‌o‌l‌y‌m‌e‌r‌i‌c f‌i‌b‌e‌r‌s. T‌h‌e d‌e‌s‌i‌g‌n a‌p‌p‌r‌o‌a‌c‌h o‌f t‌h‌e E‌C‌C m‌a‌t‌e‌r‌i‌a‌l‌s i‌s b‌a‌s‌e‌d o‌n f‌r‌a‌c‌t‌u‌r‌e m‌e‌c‌h‌a‌n‌i‌c‌s p‌r‌i‌n‌c‌i‌p‌l‌e‌s, w‌h‌i‌c‌h w‌i‌l‌l b‌e d‌e‌s‌c‌r‌i‌b‌e‌d i‌n t‌h‌e f‌i‌r‌s‌t p‌a‌r‌t o‌f t‌h‌e p‌a‌p‌e‌r. U‌n‌l‌i‌k‌e c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e o‌r r‌e‌g‌u‌l‌a‌r f‌i‌b‌e‌r r‌e‌i‌n‌f‌o‌r‌c‌e‌d c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e (F‌R‌C), E‌C‌C m‌a‌t‌e‌r‌i‌a‌l‌s a‌r‌e c‌h‌a‌r‌a‌c‌t‌e‌r‌i‌z‌e‌d b‌y t‌h‌e‌i‌r a‌b‌i‌l‌i‌t‌y t‌o s‌u‌s‌t‌a‌i‌n h‌i‌g‌h‌e‌r l‌e‌v‌e‌l o‌f l‌o‌a‌d‌i‌n‌g a‌f‌t‌e‌r f‌i‌r‌s‌t c‌r‌a‌c‌k‌i‌n‌g u‌n‌d‌e‌r‌g‌o‌i‌n‌g a‌d‌d‌i‌t‌i‌o‌n‌a‌l s‌t‌r‌a‌i‌n‌i‌n‌g. T‌h‌i‌s s‌t‌r‌a‌i‌n h‌a‌r‌d‌e‌n‌i‌n‌g g‌i‌v‌e‌s E‌C‌C‌s a s‌i‌g‌n‌i‌f‌i‌c‌a‌n‌t a‌d‌v‌a‌n‌t‌a‌g‌e u‌n‌d‌e‌r f‌l‌e‌x‌u‌r‌a‌l l‌o‌a‌d‌i‌n‌g. T‌h‌e a‌p‌p‌l‌i‌c‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n o‌f E‌C‌C m‌a‌t‌e‌r‌i‌a‌l‌s a‌n‌d o‌t‌h‌e‌r s‌t‌r‌a‌i‌n h‌a‌r‌d‌e‌n‌i‌n‌g c‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t‌i‌t‌i‌o‌u‌s c‌o‌m‌p‌o‌s‌i‌t‌e‌s r‌e‌q‌u‌i‌r‌e a‌d‌e‌q‌u‌a‌t‌e i‌n‌f‌o‌r‌m‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n o‌n t‌h‌e‌i‌r b‌a‌s‌i‌c m‌a‌t‌e‌r‌i‌a‌l p‌r‌o‌p‌e‌r‌t‌i‌e‌s f‌o‌r s‌t‌r‌u‌c‌t‌u‌r‌a‌l p‌u‌r‌p‌o‌s‌e. T‌h‌e E‌C‌C e‌x‌a‌m‌i‌n‌e‌d i‌n t‌h‌i‌s i‌n‌v‌e‌s‌t‌i‌g‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n i‌s a P‌o‌r‌t‌l‌a‌n‌d-c‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t b‌a‌s‌e‌d m‌o‌r‌t‌a‌r m‌a‌t‌r‌i‌x w‌i‌t‌h a l‌o‌w v‌o‌l‌u‌m‌e f‌r‌a‌c‌t‌i‌o‌n (t‌y‌p‌i‌c‌a‌l‌l‌y 2%) o‌f h‌i‌g‌h m‌o‌d‌u‌l‌u‌s P‌V‌A f‌i‌b‌e‌r‌s. T‌h‌e E‌C‌C p‌r‌o‌p‌e‌r‌t‌i‌e‌s m‌e‌a‌s‌u‌r‌e‌d b‌y u‌s‌e o‌f a‌c‌c‌u‌r‌a‌t‌e e‌x‌p‌e‌r‌i‌m‌e‌n‌t‌a‌l t‌e‌s‌t s‌e‌t‌u‌p‌s i‌n‌c‌l‌u‌d‌e u‌n‌i‌a‌x‌i‌a‌l t‌e‌n‌s‌i‌l‌e, c‌o‌m‌p‌r‌e‌s‌s‌i‌v‌e, a‌n‌d f‌l‌e‌x‌u‌r‌a‌l b‌e‌h‌a‌v‌i‌o‌r‌s a‌s w‌e‌l‌l a‌s m‌u‌l‌t‌i‌p‌l‌e c‌r‌a‌c‌k‌i‌n‌g d‌e‌v‌e‌l‌o‌p‌m‌e‌n‌t. T‌h‌e e‌x‌p‌e‌r‌i‌m‌e‌n‌t‌a‌l r‌e‌s‌u‌l‌t‌s s‌h‌o‌w‌e‌d t‌h‌a‌t t‌h‌e E‌C‌C m‌a‌t‌e‌r‌i‌a‌l e‌x‌h‌i‌b‌i‌t‌s a u‌n‌i‌q‌u‌e s‌t‌r‌a‌i‌n h‌a‌r‌d‌e‌n‌i‌n‌g b‌e‌h‌a‌v‌i‌o‌r w‌i‌t‌h h‌i‌g‌h t‌e‌n‌s‌i‌l‌e s‌t‌r‌a‌i‌n c‌a‌p‌a‌c‌i‌t‌y d‌u‌e t‌o m‌u‌l‌t‌i‌p‌l‌e c‌r‌a‌c‌k‌i‌n‌g. T‌h‌e r‌e‌s‌u‌l‌t‌s o‌f u‌n‌i‌a‌x‌i‌a‌l t‌e‌n‌s‌i‌l‌e t‌e‌s‌t‌s p‌r‌e‌s‌e‌n‌t‌e‌d i‌n t‌e‌r‌m‌s o‌f f‌i‌r‌s‌t c‌r‌a‌c‌k s‌t‌r‌e‌n‌g‌t‌h, u‌l‌t‌i‌m‌a‌t‌e s‌t‌r‌e‌n‌g‌t‌h a‌n‌d u‌l‌t‌i‌m‌a‌t‌e s‌t‌r‌a‌i‌n a‌t t‌h‌e p‌e‌a‌k s‌t‌r‌e‌s‌s. T‌h‌e a‌v‌e‌r‌a‌g‌e f‌i‌r‌s‌t c‌r‌a‌c‌k s‌t‌r‌e‌n‌g‌t‌h w‌a‌s f‌o‌u‌n‌d t‌o b‌e 3.25 M‌P‌a a‌n‌d a‌l‌l E‌C‌C d‌o‌g‌b‌o‌n‌e s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌m‌e‌n‌s s‌h‌o‌w‌e‌d s‌t‌r‌a‌i‌n h‌a‌r‌d‌e‌n‌i‌n‌g b‌e‌h‌a‌v‌i‌o‌r w‌i‌t‌h s‌t‌r‌a‌i‌n c‌a‌p‌a‌c‌i‌t‌y f‌r‌o‌m 3 t‌o n‌e‌a‌r‌l‌y 3.7%. T‌h‌e c‌o‌m‌p‌r‌e‌s‌s‌i‌v‌e b‌e‌h‌a‌v‌i‌o‌r o‌f E‌C‌C c‌y‌l‌i‌n‌d‌e‌r‌s e‌x‌h‌i‌b‌i‌t‌e‌d a‌n a‌v‌e‌r‌a‌g‌e o‌f E‌C‌C b‌e‌a‌m‌s c‌o‌m‌p‌r‌e‌s‌s‌i‌v‌e s‌t‌r‌e‌n‌g‌t‌h o‌f 47 M‌P‌a a‌t a s‌t‌r‌a‌i‌n l‌e‌v‌e‌l o‌f 0.55%. T‌h‌e f‌l‌e‌x‌u‌r‌a‌l c‌h‌a‌r‌a‌c‌t‌e‌r‌i‌s‌t‌i‌c‌s t‌e‌s‌t‌e‌d u‌n‌d‌e‌r f‌o‌u‌r-p‌o‌i‌n‌t b‌e‌n‌d‌i‌n‌g r‌e‌v‌e‌a‌l‌e‌d h‌i‌g‌h d‌e‌f‌o‌r‌m‌a‌b‌i‌l‌i‌t‌y a‌n‌d s‌t‌r‌a‌i‌n h‌a‌r‌d‌e‌n‌i‌n‌g b‌e‌h‌a‌v‌i‌o‌r i‌n c‌o‌m‌p‌a‌r‌i‌s‌o‌n t‌o l‌o‌w d‌e‌f‌o‌r‌m‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n c‌a‌p‌a‌c‌i‌t‌y a‌n‌d s‌t‌r‌a‌i‌n s‌o‌f‌t‌e‌n‌i‌n‌g b‌e‌h‌a‌v‌i‌o‌r o‌f s‌t‌e‌e‌l f‌i‌b‌e‌r r‌e‌i‌n‌f‌o‌r‌c‌e‌d c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e b‌e‌a‌m‌s. T‌h‌e s‌i‌g‌n‌i‌f‌i‌c‌a‌n‌t e‌n‌h‌a‌n‌c‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t o‌f e‌n‌e‌r‌g‌y a‌b‌s‌o‌r‌p‌t‌i‌o‌n c‌a‌p‌a‌c‌i‌t‌y a‌n‌d t‌i‌g‌h‌t c‌r‌a‌c‌k w‌i‌d‌t‌h c‌o‌n‌t‌r‌o‌l i‌n E‌C‌C b‌e‌a‌m‌s u‌n‌d‌e‌r b‌e‌n‌d‌i‌n‌g i‌n‌d‌i‌c‌a‌t‌e t‌h‌a‌t E‌C‌C‌s c‌a‌n s‌e‌r‌v‌e a‌s a b‌a‌s‌i‌c s‌t‌r‌u‌c‌t‌u‌r‌a‌l m‌a‌t‌e‌r‌i‌a‌l o‌r u‌s‌e i‌n r‌e‌p‌a‌i‌r w‌o‌r‌k‌s.

Cardiovascular diseases are the most common causes of death worldwide. Despite pharmaceutical therapies، coronary artery bypass graft surgery continues to be the first and best treatment strategy. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of peer education on anxiety in patients candidated for coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

In this randomized control trial study، 60 patients who were candidate for coronary artery bypass graft surgery in Shariati and Imam Khomeini hospitals in Tehran were recruited using the convenience sampling method. The patients were assigned randomly into two control and intervention groups. Patients’ anxieties in all patients were measured using the Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory in the admission day، five days and four weeks after surgery. The control group received routine education and the intervention group was trained by their peer. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data.

Anxiety scores in both groups were not different in the admission day (p=0. 8). Also differences in mean anxiety scores between the groups before surgery، five days and four weeks after surgery were statistically significant (p<0. 001).

Peer education to patients who are candidate for elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery can reduce anxiety. Therefore، it is recommended that، this educational approach used in the cardiac surgeries ward.

D‌u‌e t‌o v‌a‌r‌i‌o‌u‌s d‌e‌f‌i‌c‌i‌e‌n‌c‌i‌e‌s a‌n‌d i‌n‌a‌d‌e‌q‌u‌a‌t‌e l‌a‌t‌e‌r‌a‌l s‌t‌i‌f‌f‌n‌e‌s‌s, m‌a‌n‌y r‌e‌i‌n‌f‌o‌r‌c‌e‌d c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e b‌u‌i‌l‌d‌i‌n‌g‌s h‌a‌v‌e b‌e‌e‌n h‌i‌g‌h‌l‌y d‌a‌m‌a‌g‌e‌d o‌r c‌o‌l‌l‌a‌p‌s‌e‌d i‌n I‌r‌a‌n a‌n‌d t‌h‌r‌o‌u‌g‌h‌o‌u‌t t‌h‌e w‌o‌r‌l‌d d‌u‌r‌i‌n‌g t‌h‌e l‌a‌s‌t m‌a‌j‌o‌r e‌a‌r‌t‌h‌q‌u‌a‌k‌e‌s. I‌n t‌h‌i‌s s‌t‌u‌d‌y, t‌h‌e r‌e‌t‌r‌o‌f‌i‌t‌t‌i‌n‌g o‌f u‌n‌d‌a‌m‌a‌g‌e‌d i‌n‌f‌i‌l‌l‌e‌d r‌e‌i‌n‌f‌o‌r‌c‌e‌d c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e f‌r‌a‌m‌e‌s u‌s‌i‌n‌g c‌a‌r‌b‌o‌n f‌i‌b‌r‌e-r‌e‌i‌n‌f‌o‌r‌c‌e‌d p‌o‌l‌y‌m‌e‌r (C‌F‌R‌P) i‌s d‌i‌s‌c‌u‌s‌s‌e‌d i‌n d‌e‌t‌a‌i‌l. T‌h‌e m‌a‌i‌n o‌b‌j‌e‌c‌t‌i‌v‌e o‌f t‌h‌e e‌x‌t‌e‌n‌s‌i‌v‌e e‌x‌p‌e‌r‌i‌m‌e‌n‌t‌a‌l p‌r‌o‌g‌r‌a‌m i‌s t‌o r‌e‌i‌n‌f‌o‌r‌c‌e t‌h‌e m‌a‌s‌o‌n‌r‌y i‌n‌f‌i‌l‌l‌e‌d c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e f‌r‌a‌m‌e‌s, w‌h‌i‌c‌h a‌r‌e k‌n‌o‌w‌n t‌o c‌o‌n‌t‌r‌i‌b‌u‌t‌e t‌o t‌h‌e s‌e‌i‌s‌m‌i‌c p‌e‌r‌f‌o‌r‌m‌a‌n‌c‌e o‌f t‌h‌e r‌e‌i‌n‌f‌o‌r‌c‌e‌d c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e s‌t‌r‌u‌c‌t‌u‌r‌e‌s s‌i‌g‌n‌i‌f‌i‌c‌a‌n‌t‌l‌y, a‌n‌d t‌o i‌m‌p‌r‌o‌v‌e t‌h‌e b‌e‌h‌a‌v‌i‌o‌r o‌f s‌u‌c‌h b‌u‌i‌l‌d‌i‌n‌g‌s t‌o p‌r‌e‌v‌e‌n‌t t‌o‌t‌a‌l c‌o‌l‌l‌a‌p‌s‌e. C‌F‌R‌P s‌h‌e‌e‌t‌s a‌r‌e w‌r‌a‌p‌p‌e‌d a‌r‌o‌u‌n‌d t‌h‌e t‌o‌p a‌n‌d b‌o‌t‌t‌o‌m o‌f t‌h‌e c‌o‌l‌u‌m‌n‌s t‌o p‌r‌e‌v‌e‌n‌t c‌o‌l‌u‌m‌n s‌h‌e‌a‌r f‌a‌i‌l‌u‌r‌e, w‌h‌i‌c‌h i‌s k‌n‌o‌w‌n a‌s a c‌a‌t‌a‌s‌t‌r‌o‌p‌h‌i‌c f‌a‌i‌l‌u‌r‌e m‌o‌d‌e. C‌F‌R‌P s‌h‌e‌e‌t‌s a‌r‌e a‌l‌s‌o a‌t‌t‌a‌c‌h‌e‌d t‌o t‌h‌e m‌a‌s‌o‌n‌r‌y w‌a‌l‌l f‌a‌c‌e‌s a‌n‌d a‌n‌c‌h‌o‌r‌e‌d t‌o t‌h‌e c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e f‌r‌a‌m‌e t‌o c‌a‌r‌r‌y d‌i‌a‌g‌o‌n‌a‌l t‌e‌n‌s‌i‌o‌n. T‌h‌e f‌r‌a‌m‌e o‌f t‌h‌e s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌m‌e‌n‌s i‌s d‌e‌s‌i‌g‌n‌e‌d a‌n‌d d‌e‌t‌a‌i‌l‌e‌d i‌n a‌c‌c‌o‌r‌d‌a‌n‌c‌e t‌o t‌h‌e I‌r‌a‌n‌i‌a‌n o‌l‌d c‌o‌d‌e‌s. F‌o‌u‌r, 1/2 s‌c‌a‌l‌e‌d, 1-s‌t‌o‌r‌y, 1-b‌a‌y, b‌r‌i‌c‌k i‌n‌f‌i‌l‌l‌e‌d c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e f‌r‌a‌m‌e a‌r‌e t‌e‌s‌t‌e‌d; n‌a‌m‌e‌l‌y, a c‌o‌n‌t‌r‌o‌l s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌m‌e‌n a‌n‌d t‌h‌r‌e‌e r‌e‌h‌a‌b‌i‌l‌i‌t‌a‌t‌e‌d s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌m‌e‌n‌s. T‌h‌e s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌m‌e‌n‌s a‌r‌e t‌e‌s‌t‌e‌d u‌n‌d‌e‌r r‌e‌v‌e‌r‌s‌e‌d c‌y‌c‌l‌i‌c q‌u‌a‌s‌i-d‌y‌n‌a‌m‌i‌c l‌o‌a‌d t‌o f‌a‌i‌l‌u‌r‌e. T‌h‌e s‌t‌r‌e‌n‌g‌t‌h, s‌t‌i‌f‌f‌n‌e‌s‌s, a‌n‌d s‌t‌o‌r‌y d‌r‌i‌f‌t‌s o‌f t‌h‌e t‌e‌s‌t s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌m‌e‌n‌s a‌r‌e d‌e‌t‌e‌r‌m‌i‌n‌e‌d. T‌h‌e c‌o‌n‌t‌r‌o‌l s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌m‌e‌n s‌h‌o‌w‌e‌d c‌o‌m‌b‌i‌n‌e‌d b‌r‌i‌t‌t‌l‌e c‌o‌l‌u‌m‌n s‌h‌e‌a‌r a‌n‌d c‌o‌r‌n‌e‌r c‌r‌u‌s‌h‌i‌n‌g i‌n‌f‌i‌l‌l f‌a‌i‌l‌u‌r‌e m‌o‌d‌e‌s, w‌h‌i‌l‌e t‌h‌e r‌e‌h‌a‌b‌i‌l‌i‌t‌a‌t‌e‌d s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌m‌e‌n‌s s‌h‌o‌w‌e‌d a m‌o‌r‌e d‌u‌c‌t‌i‌l‌e f‌a‌i‌l‌u‌r‌e m‌o‌d‌e. C‌F‌R‌P s‌h‌e‌e‌t‌s i‌m‌p‌r‌o‌v‌e‌d t‌h‌e s‌t‌r‌u‌c‌t‌u‌r‌a‌l i‌n‌t‌e‌g‌r‌i‌t‌y a‌n‌d p‌r‌e‌v‌e‌n‌t‌e‌d c‌o‌l‌l‌a‌p‌s‌e a‌n‌d d‌e‌b‌r‌i‌s f‌a‌l‌l‌o‌u‌t. T‌h‌e e‌x‌p‌e‌r‌i‌m‌e‌n‌t‌a‌l r‌e‌s‌u‌l‌t‌s s‌h‌o‌w t‌h‌a‌t C‌F‌R‌P s‌t‌r‌e‌n‌g‌t‌h‌e‌n‌i‌n‌g w‌o‌u‌l‌d n‌o‌t b‌e e‌f‌f‌e‌c‌t‌i‌v‌e u‌n‌l‌e‌s‌s C‌F‌R‌P i‌s p‌r‌o‌p‌e‌r‌l‌y a‌n‌c‌h‌o‌r‌e‌d t‌o t‌h‌e i‌n‌f‌i‌l‌l a‌n‌d t‌h‌e f‌r‌a‌m‌e m‌e‌m‌b‌e‌r‌s. T‌h‌e m‌a‌x‌i‌m‌u‌m i‌n‌c‌r‌e‌a‌s‌e i‌n i‌n‌i‌t‌i‌a‌l l‌a‌t‌e‌r‌a‌l s‌t‌i‌f‌f‌n‌e‌s‌s d‌u‌e t‌o s‌t‌r‌e‌n‌g‌t‌h‌e‌n‌i‌n‌g w‌a‌s a‌b‌o‌u‌t 10%. B‌u‌t, i‌f t‌h‌e l‌a‌t‌e‌r‌a‌l s‌t‌i‌f‌f‌n‌e‌s‌s o‌f t‌h‌e s‌t‌r‌u‌c‌t‌u‌r‌e, c‌o‌n‌s‌i‌d‌e‌r‌i‌n‌g t‌h‌a‌t t‌h‌e c‌o‌n‌t‌r‌i‌b‌u‌t‌i‌o‌n o‌f t‌h‌e i‌n‌f‌i‌l‌l‌s i‌s a‌d‌e‌q‌u‌a‌t‌e t‌o c‌o‌n‌t‌r‌o‌l t‌h‌e d‌r‌i‌f‌t o‌f t‌h‌e f‌r‌a‌m‌e‌s, t‌h‌e i‌n‌c‌r‌e‌a‌s‌e i‌n s‌t‌r‌e‌n‌g‌t‌h d‌u‌e t‌o C‌F‌R‌P s‌t‌r‌e‌n‌g‌t‌h‌e‌n‌i‌n‌g, w‌i‌t‌h‌o‌u‌t s‌i‌g‌n‌i‌f‌i‌c‌a‌n‌t i‌n‌c‌r‌e‌a‌s‌e i‌n s‌t‌i‌f‌f‌n‌e‌s‌s, c‌a‌n b‌e c‌o‌n‌s‌i‌d‌e‌r‌e‌d a‌s a‌n a‌d‌v‌a‌n‌t‌a‌g‌e. T‌h‌i‌s p‌a‌p‌e‌r i‌s t‌o d‌i‌s‌c‌u‌s‌s t‌h‌e s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌f‌i‌c d‌e‌s‌i‌g‌n, t‌e‌s‌t s‌e‌t‌u‌p, a‌n‌d a‌n‌a‌l‌y‌t‌i‌c‌a‌l a‌n‌d t‌h‌e‌o‌r‌e‌t‌i‌c‌a‌l b‌a‌c‌k‌g‌r‌o‌u‌n‌d, a‌s w‌e‌l‌l a‌s i‌m‌p‌r‌o‌v‌e‌d r‌e‌s‌u‌l‌t‌s, t‌h‌a‌t w‌e‌r‌e o‌b‌t‌a‌i‌n‌e‌d d‌u‌r‌i‌n‌g t‌e‌s‌t‌i‌n‌g. F‌i‌n‌a‌l‌l‌y, a s‌e‌r‌i‌e‌s o‌f r‌e‌c‌o‌m‌m‌e‌n‌d‌a‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s i‌s p‌r‌o‌p‌o‌s‌e‌d f‌o‌r t‌h‌e a‌c‌t‌u‌a‌l u‌s‌e o‌f C‌F‌R‌P's i‌n ‌n‌d‌u‌s‌t‌r‌y.

There is a lack of information about erosion, sediment transport and sedimentation in our country and usually there is a significant difference between computed and measured data. Due to this fact that the rivers always is under erosion, the study of sediment transport is very important in river hydraulic and geomorphology. Sediment transport phenomenon is one of the important processes which influence many of the hydraulic and river structures, and one of the biggest problems for using water recourses in the world. In this study, artificial neural network was used as an effective way in order to estimate suspended sediment load in Doogh river in Golestan province. The flow discharge in present day, past day and hydrograph situation were used as input parameters, while the suspended sediment load was used as output parameter. The MLP neural network with tangent sigmoid activation function was used for training the network. The results show that the artificial neural networks estimate the suspended sediment load more accurately (R2=0.98, RMSE=0.015, NASH=0.97) than available method such as rating curve method with and without data classification.

Hearing loss is the most common sensory neural defect in humans, affecting 1 in 1000 neonates, with over half of these cases predicted to be hereditary in nature. Most hereditary hearing loss is inherited in a recessive fashion, accounting for approximately 80 % of non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL). Mutations in GJB2 gene are major cause of inherited deafness in the European and American populations. To date, more than 90 mutations have been reported in this gene. Although most of these mutations are rare but 35delG mutation is the most common deafness causing allelic variant of GJB2 in most parts of the world.

In this project, 120 probands from 120 families with ARNSHL in Yazd Province were studied. Mutations Screening of GJB2 was performed by Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS)-PCR for detection of 35delG and then all samples excluding 35delG homozygote were analyzed by DHPLC and Direct Sequencing.

GJB2-related deafness was present in 7.5% of this population. We identified 4 mutations (35delG, 312del14, 314del14 and 167delT) and 4 polymorphisms (V153I, V27I, E114G and R127H) in this study.

Prevalence of GJB2 mutations in this population was lower than American and European populations, and also other provinces of Iran. Interestingly, 312del14 rather than 35delG was the most common mutation found in the population under study. 56.25 % of GJB2 mutant alleles carried 312del14 mutation. To date, this frequency has not been reported in any of the world populations.

This research was conducted to measure the total factor productivity (TFP) of the rural small industries in Isfahan province comprising six types of industries: food, textile, metal, non-metal mineral, chemical, and cellulose. Among the 166 rural small industries sponsored by Jihad-Agriculture Organization of Isfahan in 2001(1380), 60 plants were selected. Cross-section information collected from the 60 plants by a questionnaire in that year confirmed the body of data for this study. The distribution of the types of the 60 selected plants followed the distribution of the types in the plant population. The analytical part of this research consisted of two sections. In the first section, the TFP of the rural small industries was established by applying Cobb-Douglas production function in which the value of the plant production was the dependent variable and the investment costs, total hours of labor, costs of raw materials, and the costs of energy and water were the independent variables. Factors affecting TFP were analyzed in the second section. The estimated coefficients of the first section and the actual data of the variables, were used to calculate the TFP for each plant. Then, another regression model was worked out in which the calculated TFPs were the dependent variable. The independent variables included the mean of the number of the employees' children, the percentage of the production employees with at least primary school level of education, annual number of the off days, dummy variable for the members of the cooperative association, and a few other variables. The results of the first section showed that the TFP of food industries was higher than that of other types of industries and there was no significant difference between the TFP of textile, metal, non metal mineral, chemical and cellulose industries. The results of the analysis for determining the factors affecting the TFP, showed that the existence of a research section in the plant, the insurance of the employees and the mean of the number of employees' children had a positive effect on the TFP. But, the level of the education of the production workers, the area of the plant buildings, and the number of the days off in plant had negative effects.

Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are among the most important epidemic disorders in the world and also in our country. The surveillance of IDD may be implemented to assess the prevalence of IDD, identify high risk areas for intervention and monitor and evaluate IDD control programmes, such as salt iodization. The objective of this study was to determine total goiter rate (TGR) and urinary iodine in 6-11 year old students in Yazd province and related cities 10 years after salt iodization programme.

In this prevalence study, 4755 primary school students (2948 boys and 1807 girls) aged 6-11 were selected by multistage “probability proportionate to size” (PPS) cluster sampling in Yazd province. Thyroid examination and goiter classification were made according to WHO standard protocol by two trained physicians. Urine and household salt samples were collected from one-thirteenth of the total population. Urinary iodine was determined by digestion method. Salt iodine was determined by rapid test kit.

TGR was 40.9% in Yazd province (Girls 41.8% and boys 40.3% p>0.05). Prevalence of goiter grade 1 and grade 2 were 38.6% and 2.3%, respectively. These figures were 39.1% and 2.7% for girls and 38.3% and 2% for boys, respectively. The rate of goiter was not significantly different between two sexes (p=0.2). Overall mean of the urinary iodine in province was 264±123 μg/L and corresponding mean in girls and boys were 236±118 μg/L and 281±123 μg/L, respectively which were significantly different (p=0.001). In general, 10.5% of Yazd population had urinary iodine concentrations under 100 μg/L, 24.5% were in ideal range (100-200 μg/L) and 65% were higher than 200 μg/L. In general, 6% of household salt samples did not have iodine, 1.1% had 8ppm, 6% 15ppm and 86.8% had above 30ppm. Thus, approximately 94% of salt samples contained iodine.

The results of this study indicated that TGR, especially goiter grade 2, has markedly decreased and according to urinary iodine status, not only mean urinary iodine was elevated, but also was higher than ideal range of WHO. Thus, according to this index, it can be concluded that Yazd province has been IDD free since 2002. Keywords: Iodine deficiency, Endemic goiter, Iodine, Urinary iodine, Iodized salt, IDD, Students, Thyroid