a. hosseini

Inadequate myocardial protection and intraoperative myocardial injury (PMI) are important and common complications in various cardiac surgical procedures. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the effect of preoperative nicorandil on myocardial injury after open heart surgery.

The present single-blinded clinical trial analysis study was conducted in 2023 at Shahid Chamran Educational and Medical Center - Isfahan. The participants were 70 patients (35 in each group) who were randomly assigned to two control and intervention groups for cardiac surgery. Based on the computer-based randomization, they were divided into two intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, in addition to the usual treatments, oral nicorandil tablets were administered at a dose of 10 mg 3 times. The patients were anesthetized in a similar way and operated by a team. After surgery, the patients were evaluated and compared in terms of clinical criteria including troponin eight and twenty-four hours after surgery, the anatomy of the patient's coronary arteries after counting, the duration of hospitalization in the ICU, the time required for mechanical ventilation (ventilator), the occurrence of myocardial infarction, the occurrence of new arrhythmia, the need for the use of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), and mortality in the two groups. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, chi-square, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney statistical tests.

The results indicated that in the control group, 11.4% were female and 88.6% were male, with an average age 58.42±8.46 years, and in the intervention group, 42.9% were female and 57.1% were male with The average age 59.31± 6.88 years. Also, 50% of the people participating in the study were in the age range of 60-70 years). Respectively the average EF in the control group was 54.42±8.43. At 8 hours and 24 hours after the operation, troponin in the intervention group (1.36±0.8 and 1.56±0.83) was significantly higher than the control group (2.06±0.75 and 2.44±0.91 (p<0.05.

The results of the present study indicated that the use of NICD protected the myocardium in patients undergoing heart bypass surgery. In addition, NICD administration had the potential to reduce the incidence of postoperative arrhythmia, but the results were not significant. Also, the average increase in troponin in the intervention group after open heart surgery was lower than the average increase in troponin in the control group.

Monitoring the nutrients of tree leaves is crucial for understanding their physiological responses to environmental stresses. This study monitored the status of leaf nutrients in Persian oak trees (Quercus brantii Lindl.) affected by crown dieback during the years 2019-2021.

Two sites, one northern and one southern, were selected in the Mele-Siah area. Five healthy trees and five declining trees were identified at each site. From each tree, 20 mature and healthy leaves were collected and taken to the laboratory to measure the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium elements. Leaf sampling was conducted annually in August over three years. Soil sampling was also conducted during the growing season over three years, with a hole dug on the southern side of each tree crown to measure soil moisture in two horizons.

The results showed that the amount of leaf nitrogen was highest (1.48%) in 2019 and lowest (1%) in 2020, and it was higher in healthy trees (1.30%) than in declining trees (1.22%). The amount of phosphorus was higher in the northern site in all years. The amount of potassium was highest (2.22%) in 2019 and lowest (0.58%) in 2020. The amounts of leaf calcium and magnesium were highest (1.8% and 2.36% respectively) in 2019 and lowest (0.57% and 0.69% respectively) in 2021. Furthermore, the amount of calcium was higher in the northern site (1.29%) than in the southern site (0.99%). The highest amount of calcium was found in declining trees (1.465%) in the northern site and in healthy trees (1.241%) in the southern site. The results also showed that soil moisture was higher in the northern site in all sampling years and was associated with annual changes, which affected the changes in leaf nutrients over different years.

Considering the differences in soil moisture, soil acidity, and salinity of the studied sites, as well as temporal changes in the concentration of leaf elements caused by climate changes, it can be concluded that the crown dieback of Persian oak trees is related to the physiological mechanisms involved in water and nutrient absorption.

During sperm freezing, its functional indices, including survival and motility, are damaged and lead to a decrease in sperm quality and fertility. Studies have been performed to lower these damages, including adding antioxidants to the freezing environment. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of antioxidants melatonin and L-carnitine on the quality of sperm parameters after freezing and thawing.

In this interventional study, 40 sperm samples were divided into 4 groups including: control group (no antioxidant), melatonin group (0.01 mmol melatonin), L-carnitine group (100 μmol L-carnitine) and combined group (0.01 mmol melatonin and 100 μmol L-carnitine). The samples were thawed two weeks after freezing, then the motility, survival and morphology parameters were evaluated by Eosin-nigrosin staining and were counted. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated by measuring MDA with thiobarbituric acid reaction and DNA fragmentation through Tunnel kit.

The results showed that the combined use of melatonin and L-carnitine in the freezing medium had a significant effect on the rate of motility and survival (increase from 15% to 25%), DNA fragmentation (decrease from 32% to 23%) and MDA level (decrease from 10 to 6.5 µm/dl). However, the examination of sperm morphology did not show any significant difference between the studied groups.

The results of the study showed that melatonin and L-carnitine can reduce the damage caused by sperm manipulation during the freezing and thawing process.

Different corticosteroids with different characteristics, such as hydrocortisone and dexamethasone, have been used to treat exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but the drug of choice is unclear. The main goal of the present study was to compare the efficacy of hydrocortisone and dexamethasone on clinical symptoms, peak expiratory flow, oxidative stress factors, and inflammatory mediators in patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

In this single-blind randomized clinical trial study in 2021, 70 eligible patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations were selected and randomly divided into two A (8mg of intravenous dexamethasone daily) and B (200mg of intravenous daily hydrocortisone) groups. Clinical symptoms and peak expiratory flow were measured before intervention (day 1), after intervention (day 2), and on discharge day. However, oxidative stress factors and inflammatory mediators were evaluated on day one and discharge day. Moreover, the probable complications of both drugs were measured and scaled 1-4 by the researcher.

Between groups, comparisons showed significant differences in the patients’ clinical indicators for shortness of breath (p=0.02), sputum volume (p=0.01), and oxygen saturation of arterial blood (p=0.02). However, these differences were related to the first day, and no statistically significant differences were observed on the second or discharged days. The intragroup comparison revealed that the prescription of both dexamethasone and hydrocortisone led to significant improvement in the patient’s clinical symptoms.

Dexamethasone and Hydrocortisone are the same in improving important clinical symptoms and have similar efficacy on inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with COPD exacerbation.

A new hybrid variational model is presented for image denoising, which in-corporates the merits of Shannon interpolation, total generalized variation (TGV) regularization, and a symmetrized derivative regularization term based on l1-norm. In this model, the regularization term is a combination of a TGV functional and the symmetrized derivative regularization term, while the data fidelity term is characterized by the l2-norm. Unlike most variational models that are discretized using a finite-difference scheme, our approach in structure is based on Shannon interpolation. Quantitative and qualitative assessments of the new model indicate its effectiveness in restoration accuracy and staircase effect suppression. Numerical experi-ments are carried out using the primal-dual algorithm. Numerous real- world examples are conducted to confirm that the newly proposed method outperforms several current state-of-the-art numerical methods in terms of the peak signal to noise ratio and the structural similarity (SSIM) index.

Many people with hypertension are unaware of their problem. As hypertension may have no warning signs and causes serious complications, designing effective interventions to sensitize the community towards its control is necessary. The current study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of self-care educational programs for hypertension in rural areas.

In this quasi-experimental study, 136 patients with hypertension from rural areas of Minodasht county were studied in 2019. Two-stage random cluster sampling was used to select participants. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire whose validity and reliability were assessed. The questionnaire consisted of demographic and related outcomes parts (adherence to diet and drug therapy, physical activity, adherence to control (measurement) of blood pressure, and feelings related to behavior). Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and covariance by SPSS 19.

Based on the paired t-test, the mean of measured dimensions was significantly increased after providing the intervention (p<0.05). The covariance analysis was also statistically significant (p<0.05), after removing the pre-test effects of variables.

This study showed the positive effects of educational interventions on those who suffer from hypertension. Educational programs, as a core component of health promotion, can improve the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of trainees to maintain and adhere to promote their health.

This research aimed at studying the seedling emergence and survival rate of Pistacia atlantica, Acer monspessulanum and Amygdalus orientalis by direct seeding in Dalab forests of Ilam with two aspects and five seeding positions (nurse type). For this purpose, six sites were selected in the north- and south-facing slopes with the same altitude. In each site, one transect was established perpendicular to the slope, and the seeding positions including “tree”, “shrub”, ‘bush”, “rock” and bare spaces, by observing three replicates were determined. At each seeding position, 12 holes were dug and the seeds of the mentioned species were planted. The number of seedlings during the spring and summer of 2018 and 2019 years was counted. According to the results, the number of seedling of P. atlantica decreased in the second year compared to the first year and in summer compared to spring. The highest percentage of holes with seedlings of P. atlantica was found in northern aspect and under tree crown and next to the rock. The highest percentage of holes with A. monspessulanum seedlings was under tree crowns and shrubs. A. orientalis did not react to any of the examined factors. The most and least share of the seedling emergence were belonged to P. atlantica and A. monspessulanum, repectively. It was concluded that the rate of seedling emergence changes under the effects of aspects and seeding positions, so to increase the emergence rate of seedlings, it is better to sow in the field in more suitable seeding position in any aspect.

Mannheimia haemolytica primarily causes pneumonia leading to heavy morbidity and mortality in the domestic livestock world-wide. Recently, lipoproteins have emerged as targets for inducing protective immunity against the Pasteurella infection.

This study was aimed toevaluate recombinant outer membrane lipoprotein E (PlpE) from the isolate of ovine M. haemolytica, as potential vaccine candidate’.

Recombinant PlpE was constructed using pET26 (b) expression vector in Escherichia coli. Expressed recombinant PlpE was purified and injected subcutaneously in the mice. Protection index of the vaccine was evaluated by challenge of mice intraperitoneally.

Anti-PlpE antibody responses in the immunized mice was significantly increased which provided effective protection, when challenged with strain of virulent M. haemolytica.

Recombinant PlpE from ovine M. haemolytica isolate had potential to be used as ‘vaccine candidate against M. haemolytica infection in sheep flocks.

Considering the importance of plagioclase in reconstructing magma cooling processes, the size and shape distribution of this mineral is investigated for Chah - Musa sub-volcanic intrusion (NW Toroud- Semnan Province). The slopes of CSD diagrams, the natural logarithm of the density of the crystalline density (n) against the length of the crystal (L), show plagioclase phenocrysts available in this intrusion have been grown with rates of 1.4×10-8 to 9.27×10-9 mms-1, in time limited 118.62 to 630.7 years. The calculated residence time of magma in Chah-Musa intrusion coincides with sub-volcanic nature of the studied samples. Crystal size distribution diagrams suggest presence of two populations of crystals that formed during the anneal period as well as during decompression, associated with separate nucleation regimes.

Providing an approach to calculate a suitable panel width for the longwall mining method is considered considering both the technical and economic factors. Based on the investigations carried out, a technical-economic model is proposed to calculate a suitable panel width. The proposed model is a combination of the rock engineering system-based model and the technical relationships to estimate the expected actual face advance rate of the longwall panel and also the economic relationships to determine the operational costs. Applying the technical conditions to the presented model is conducted by the vulnerability index of the advancing operation, which considers the face advance rate as the main important factor that controls the operational costs of the longwall face. The performance evaluation of the presented model is possible by the recordable field data, which is one of its advantages. This process is carried out by a case study, and the results obtained indicate that the developed approach can provide an applicable tool to calculate a suitable panel width.

Post-tensioned coupled shear wall system is characterized by good seismic specifications like a self-centering capability and an ability to sustain large nonlinear lateral deformations with little damage and negligible residual deformation. In this system, the coupling beam is not embedded into the walls, and coupling of concrete walls is performed by posttensioning beam to the walls using unbonded post-tensioning (PT) steel strands. In this paper, the seismic behavior of hybrid coupled wall systems with post-tensioned steel coupling beam was investigated experimentally. In order to dissipate seismic energy and reduce displacements of system, two friction dampers were used in the beam-to-wall connection region. To study the behavior of the system, a friction damper was first tested at different frequencies; then, four 2/3-scale posttensioned hybrid coupled wall sub-assemblages equipped with friction dampers were tested subjected to reversed-cyclic lateral loading. Each sub-assemblage included a half-length steel coupling beam and the adjacent concrete wall region at a floor level. The test specimens consisted of one control specimen without friction damper and three specimens equipped with friction dampers with various damper normal forces and different initial beam post-tensioning (PT) steel stresses. The test results showed that the system had very good lateral stiffness, strength, and ductility with little damage up to 8% lateral drift. The nonlinear deformation in this system occurs because of the gap opening at the beam-to-wall interface. The friction damper uses these gap opening displacements to provide supplemental energy dissipation. Friction dampers provide considerable energy dissipation at the system, while the self-centering capability of the system remains. The restoring effect of the post-tensioning steel strands causes closing the gap upon unloading and provides a self-centering behavior and flag-shaped hysteresis loops for specimens equipped with friction dampers. Based on the test results, the system, even after a severe earthquake, suffers limited damage and requires little repair.

The work environment of healthcare providers and hospitals is constantly exposed to tremendous work pressure, complexity, and chaos. Due to the changes in various fields of treatment and care, these work environments are constantly changing as well. Meanwhile, bullying is considered to be a serious phenomenon in these organizations, which has also been reported worldwide as an important issue in the nursing profession. Workplace bullying could variably affect nursing. In healthcare organizations, workplace bullying could increase absenteeism, job loss, and job dissatisfaction among the employees. Furthermore, this phenomenon may reduce the quality of nursing care in hospitals and medical centers. These issues are particularly highlighted in the nursing profession since as the largest group of healthcare providers in these organizations and the leading managers of hospitals, nurses play a pivotal role in patient care. Improving the quality of nursing care is the most important factor to accelerate the recovery and return of patients to the community; therefore, the quality assessment of nursing care is essential. In Iran, most of the studies on bullying have been performed on students and teachers in schools, and few studies have been focused on nurses. Given the lack of accurate statistics on the rate of workplace bullying among Iranian nurses and the fact that the quality of nursing care is an important issue that could be affected by the bullying phenomenon, the present study aimed to evaluate the level of workplace bullying among Iranian nurses and its association with the quality of nursing care.

This cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 200 emergency department and intensive care unit (ICU) nurses at Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2019. The sample size included 200 nurses who were selected via simple random sampling. The inclusion criteria were employment as a nurse in the emergency department or ICU of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, willingness to participate in the study, and minimum work experience of six months as a nurse in the department. The exclusion criterion was incomplete questionnaires. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire (age, gender, marital status, admission to the nursing major based on interest/knowledge, education level, clinical ward, service history, type of employment, shift work, duration of employment in the current department, having a managerial position, interest in the workplace, and coercion in the current department), negative acts questionnaire-revised, and SERVQUAL questionnaire. Sampling was performed after the approval of the study protocol and receiving the ethics license from the Joint Organizational Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing and Midwifery and the School of Rehabilitation of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Eligible nurses were selected after explaining the research objectives and procedures and being assured of the confidentiality of their information with oral consent. The questionnaires were completed anonymously and in a self-report manner. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistics to describe the samples (frequency distribution tables, mean, and standard deviation). In addition, research objectives were used to describe the samples. To determine the gap between the perceptions and expectations regarding the quality of nursing care, paired t-test was used, and to determine the correlation between workplace bullying and the quality of nursing care, Pearsonchr('39')s correlation-coefficient was employed at the significance level of 0.05.

About half of the nurses (51.5%) were female, with the mean age of 32.58 ± 6.38 years. The mean work experience of the subjects was 9.74 ± 5.86 years in the nursing profession and 4.59 ± 3.99 years in their current ward of employment. The majority of the nurses (51%) were formally employed, had rotating work shifts (77%), and worked in the ICU (61.5%). In addition, most of the nurses had a BSc degree (84.5%). Based on the experience of daily or weekly workplace bullying, the mean workplace bullying of the nurses in the work-related bullying dimension was 10.11%, while it was 4.27% in the person-related dimension, and 5.66% in the physical dimension, with an overall mean of 6.68%. The maximum and minimum mean values belonged in the dimensions of work-related bullying and physical dimension, respectively. The results of paired t-test indicated significant differences between the dimensions of the perceptions, expectations, and gaps in the quality of nursing care in the viewpoint of the nurses and the dimensions of reliability (P<0.001), assurance (P<0.001), and total score (P<0.001). Furthermore, workplace bullying had inverse, significant correlations with the dimensions of reliability (P=0.006; r=-0.194) and assurance of nursing care quality (P=0.001; r=-0.229), so that with decreased workplace bullying, the quality of nursing care increased in these dimensions.

Although the results of this study indicated the low prevalence of bullying among nurses, nursing managers and policymakers should properly plan for the recognition, prevention, and management of this phenomenon due to the physical, psychological, and organizational effects of workplace bullying on the nurses employed in hospitals and health centers. Moreover, the organizational factors that lead to the workplace bullying of nurses should be identified. Due to the significant associations between workplace bullying and the dimensions of the reliability and quality assurance of nursing care, hospitals must fulfill their promises accurately and consistently. By recruiting nurses with adequate knowledge and skills, a sense of trust and confidence should be created in patients. This study showed that the lower rate of workplace bullying is associated with the higher quality of nursing care. Therefore, it is recommended that further investigations be focused on the effects of workplace bullying on patient care and its dimensions, as well as the quality of the provided care in hospitals and health centers.

Beet mosaic virus (BtMV), the only potyvirus infecting beets, is distributed worldwide in beet growing areas. Here we report the full-length genome sequence of a BtMV isolate from Iran (Ir-VRU), which has enabled us to better understanding the evolutionary history of the virus. The complete nucleotide sequence of Ir-VRU genome was determined using degenerate and specific primers and 5'-RACE and The complete genomes consisted of 9591 nucleotides, excluding the poly-A tails. The genome has a 165 nt 5´-UTR and a 168 nt 3´-UTR. The RNA of Ir-VRU potentially encodes a single polyprotein of 3086 amino acid residues and has a deduced genome organization typical for members of the genus Potyvirus. Study on five different BtMV isolates showed that Iranian isolate closelly related to German and Chinese isolates, and on the other hand, it showed more differences with American isolate. Phylogenetic analysis, along with other potyviruses, also presents the Ir-VRU as a member of the BCMV supergroup.

Groundwater is a major source of drinking water in Zahedan city; however, its quality is affected by high human activities and leads to the increased level of nitrate. This study was conducted to evaluate the nitrate concentration in water resources compared to the standards and also evaluating its Non-Carcinogenic Risk (Hazard Quotient: HQ) in Zahedan city.

In this study, 170 samples from urban water distribution and 179 samples from rural water distribution were collected. Nitrate concentration in samples were measured by spectrophotometer and health risk assessment of existing nitrate was estimated by model of US Environmental Protection Agency and the World Health Organization.

Maximum, minimum and average of nitrate concentration in urban areas were found to be 236.7, 4.7 and 40/87± 3/81, respectively; and in rural areas those were 211, 5.3 and 31/89±3/15 mg/l, respectively. The Hazard Quotient was higher than one for 44% of children, 14% of women and 8% of men in urban areas and 55% of children, 22% of women and 18% of men in rural areas.

The results of this study showed that children are at higher Non-Cancer Risk for water than adults. Therefore, controlling human activities, improving sewage collection systems and enhancing water treatment methods can be very effective in nitrate intake through drinking water and promotion of health, especially for children.

It has been shown that short-wavelength blue component of the visible light spectrum can alter the circadian rhythm and suppress the level of melatonin hormone. The short-wavelength light emitted by smartphones’ screens can affect the sleep quality of the people who use these devices at night through suppression of melatonin.
In this study, we examined the effects of covering the screens of smartphones with different filters (changing the effective wavelength of the light) on sleep delay time in 43 healthy students.
Volunteer students were asked to go to bed at 23:00 and to use their mobile phones in bed for watching a natural life documentary movie for 60 minutes. No filter was used for one night while amber and blue filters were used for other 2 nights. Photospectrometry method was used to determine the output spectrum of the light passing through the filters used for covering the screens of the mobile phones. The order for utilizing amber or blue filters or using no filter was selected randomly. After 1 hour, the participants were asked to record their sleep delay time measured by a modified form of sleep time record sheet.
The mean sleep delay time for the “no-filter” night was 20.84±9.15 minutes, while the sleep delay times for the nights with amber and blue filters were 15.26±1.04 and 26.33±1.59 minutes, respectively.
The findings obtained in this study support this hypothesis that blue light possibly suppresses the secretion of melatonin more than the longer wavelengths of the visible light spectrum. Using amber filter in this study significantly improved the sleep quality. Altogether, these findings lead us to this conclusion that blocking the short-wavelength component of the light emitted by smartphones’ screens improves human sleep.

MRI workers are occupationally exposed to static and time-varying gradient magnetic fields. While the 24-hour time-averaged exposure to static magnetic fields is about a few mT, the maximum static field strength can be as high as 500 mT during patient setup. Over the past several years, our laboratory has performed extensive experiments on the health effects of exposure of animal models and humans to different sources of electromagnetic fields such as cellular phones, mobile base stations, mobile phone jammers, laptop computers, radars, dentistry cavitrons and MRI. This study is to investigate the adverse health effects in MRI workers and also to assess the effect of exposure of MRI workers to static magnetic fields on their cognitive functions. In the first phase of this study a questionnaire was designed to collect information from 120 MRI personnel. The collection of data about the adverse health effects was based on self-reporting by the participants. In the second phase, 47 volunteer university students were asked to continuously move around a 1.5 T MRI scanner. Visual reaction time and working memory tests were performed on all participants before and after the experiment. Forward digit span and backward digit span were used for assessing the working memory. Furthermore, participants were asked to report the symptoms they had experienced during the movement. The first phase of our study showed increased frequencies of adverse health effects in MRI workers. In this study the rates of self-reported symptoms such as a headache, sleep problems, myalgia, palpitation, fatigue, concentration problems, attention problems, nervousness and backpain were possibly affected by static magnetic field. Furthermore we found that reaction time and working memory could be influenced by the movements of the body around a MRI scanner. It can be concluded that movement through a high magnetic field can also lead to some adverse cognitive effects in MRI staff.

Alexithymia causes many problems in both personal and social life. What is the role early maladaptive schemas in development and maintaining of these problems? What is the role of difficulty in emotion regulation on the possible relationship between early maladaptive schemas and marital problems? To achieve answers of such questions, the present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation on the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and alexithymia. Two hundred and eighty seven married students (158 females, 129 males) who were living in Urmia participated in this study as volunteers. Participants completed the Farsi version of Toronto Alexithymia Scale (FTAS-20), Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF), and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Analysis of data involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including frequency, means, standard deviation, Pearson's correlation coefficients and path analysis. The results showed a significant positive correlation between early maladaptive schemas, alexithymia, and difficulty in emotion regulation. The results of path analysis showed that the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and alexithymia was mediated by difficulty in emotion regulation. According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and alexithymia is not a linear and one dimensional correlation. Difficulty in emotion regulation can play a meditational role between the two.

The assessment of RBE quantity in the treatment of cancer tumors with proton beams in treatment planning systems (TPS) is of high significance. Given the significance of the issue and the studies conducted in the literature, this quantity is fixed and is taken as equal to 1.1.
The main objective of this study was to assess RBE quantity of proton beams and their variations in different depths of the tumor. This dependency makes RBE values used in TPS no longer be fixed as they depend on the depth of the tumor and therefore this dependency causes some changes in the physical dose profile.
The energy spectrum of protons was measured at various depths of the tumor using proton beam simulations and well as the complete simulation of a cell to a pair of DNA bases through Monte Carlo GEANT4. The resulting energy spectrum was used to estimate the number of double-strand breaks generated in cells. Finally, RBE values were calculated in terms of the penetration depth in the tumor.
Results and The simulation results show that the RBE value not fixed terms of the depth of the tumor and it differs from the clinical value of 1.1 at the end of the dose profile and this will lead to a non-uniform absorbed dose profile. Therefore, to create a uniform impact dose area, deep-finishing systems need to be designed by taking into account deep RBE values.

The main purpose of this article is to offer some characterizations of $delta$-double derivations on rings and algebras. To reach this goal, we prove the following theorem:Let $n > 1$ be an integer and let $mathcal{R}$ be an $n!$-torsion free ring with the identity element $1$. Suppose that there exist two additive mappings $d,delta:Rto R$ such that $$d(x^n) =Sigma^n_{j=1} x^{n-j}d(x)x^{j-1}+Sigma^{n-2}_{k=0} Sigma^{n-2-k}_{i=0} x^kdelta(x)x^idelta(x)x^{n-2-k-i}$$ is fulfilled for all $xin mathcal{R}$. If $delta(1) = 0$, then $d$ is a Jordan $delta$-double derivation. In particular, if $mathcal{R}$ is a semiprime algebra and further, $delta^2(x^2) = delta^2(x)x + xdelta^2(x) + 2(delta(x))^2$ holds for all $xin mathcal{R}$, then $d-frac{1}{2}delta^2$ is an ordinary derivation on $mathcal{R}$.

Nursing is a practical discipline and has a lot of similarity to the doctrine of pragmatism. Many studies have paid to the issue of pragmatism in the nursing each in particular direction and in particular society and results of these studies are often contradicting each other.
Internet searching was conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed and Scopus databases. Articles were evaluated and used that examines the gap between theory and practice in nursing.
It can be concluded of the total of these studies that the meaning of the gap between the theory and practice is nonconformance theoretical training with what is nurses at the bedside to do. In terms of pragmatism truth is not static and unchangeable, but it grows and develops with time at each stage of the endless evolution what we call reality will be something that enables us to examine current problems satisfactorily. Nursing is diverse and pluralistic; Diversity in ideologies and our actions and plurality in the knowledge that is generated and used. The ideological diversity leads to a difference in the discourse, and these differences are plurality for one fact, these differences will continue in texts and create barriers for the development of nursing knowledge; but although the theory was out through experiences and whether there is before the experience we need it.
There should be a gap between theory and practice because if there is no distance longer cannot be called theories and it is an actually practice; Remove this distance not desirable and sometimes preserve it is desirable for us. What makes the people unable to understand the theory in practice is that they cannot find the relationship between theories with practice or theory is so abstract that consider it different from the act.

In this paper after the preparation of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane by immersion precipitation method, the treatment of wastewater of milk powder production has been investigated by using this membrane. The investigation of influence of membrane morphology on the flux of obtained membranes and removal of COD and TDS of this wastewater is main purpose of present research. Scanning electron microscope has been used to study the structure of obtained membranes. In order to evaluate the performance of prepared membranes in the wastewater treatment, the values of flux and rejection of COD and TDS have been determined. A surfactant as additive has been used to improve the hydrophilicity and permeation of membrane. The effect of concentration of this additive on the structure and performance of membranes in the treatment of mentioned wastewater has been investigated. The results indicate that by increasing additive concentration, the porosity, thickness and flux are first increased and then decreased. Also this trend for the performance of membrane in pollution indices removal from the wastewater is reverse.

Clinical environment is a fu-ndamental element of nursing profession which can lead to appropriate performance and optimal outcome. Workplace organiz-ation training can increase the quality of care and nurses’ job satisfaction. This study aimed to determine the effect of training workplace organization technique (5S) on workplace arrangement in operation room of Shahid Beheshti hospital in Esfahan, 2013. This is a quasi-exp-erimental study with pre & posttest. The participants included 22 nursing staffs of operation room in Shahid Beheshti hospital of Isfahan. Workplace arrangement ques-tionnnaire and 5S audit checklist in heal-thcare was used for data collection. Interv-ention consisted of 5S workshop for ope-ration room nurses on three separate ses-sions. Participants were tested by the ques-tionnnaire before the study and 30 days after the intervention. Researchers condu-cted 5S audit before and after the study. Next, data was analyzed through Shpiro-Wilk and paired T-tests. The results of this study showed that the 5S audit scores was 3.2 before the intervention and increased to 4.6 after the intervention. The mean of the arrangement workplace scores was 77.72±25.38 before the study and 93.22±27.42 after the intervention. Paired T-test analysis showed a significant difference between the mean score of arrangement before and after the education (p=0.04). Discussion & This study sho-wed that 5S education could improve workplace arrangement in operation rooms of hospitals. It indicated that quality impr-ovement techniques such as 5S implem-entation in the operation room settings could be useful to environmental arran-gement.

This process provides a method for prevention of deposit formation over the outer surface of process equipment in alcohol plants from sugar beet molasses and particularly in sugar cane molasses. In this process, the fermented molasses are softened and precipitated before entering the distillation column. Firstly, the pH of the fermented molasses will be increased up to 10-10.5 by sodium carbonate. In other words, the solution is carbonized and then its temperature will be increased up to 50oC and a certain amount of ethanol is added to the mixing solution. After adding some ethanol, the components in molasses (specially carbonized calcium and magnesium cations), are precipitated and deposited quickly. Also, the liquid and deposited phases are separated and liquid phase (free of calcium and magnesium cation) is sent into the distillation column.

Among several methods for the treatment of wrist-fingers motor function impairment after stroke, splinting is a method commonly used as complementary option. But there are so many controversies surrounding its efficacy. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of mobilizing and immobilizing splints on wrist-fingers motor function after stroke.

In this experimental study, 31 stroke patients were selected and divided randomly into three groups including: mobilizing splint, immobilizing splint and control group. Participants in intervention groups wore their own splints for eight weeks, five days per week and on average six hours per day. Motor function was measured at baseline and the eighth week by fugl-meyer (FM) scale. The one-way ANOVA was used to compare scores of FM scale between three groups.

Data analysis showed significant increase in motor function only in mobilizing splint group (p=0/001) and this increase was significant compared with other groups (p=0/001).

Based on these findings, using a mobilizing splint compared with immobilizing splint could have better functional results for treating wrist and finger motor impairment in post-stroke patients.

Given the role of the medical record committee, that is, supervision and quality evaluation of medical records and support of required standards in relation to medical records, a study about current situation of hospital medical record committees was conducted.

This study was an applied research. An evaluation pattern for medical record committees was designed to study the similarities and differences of structure and activities of medical record committees in selected countries and Iran. Then the designed pattern was distributed among experts.

Delphi Technique showed, that most of the experts (86.4% frequency) agreed with the components of the model as following: 97.2% with purpose, 63.9% with member's combination of committee, 94.4% with inferior reference, 97.2% with standards, and 91.7% with job deh1ion for activities of medical record committee.

With respect to deficiencies in medical records instructions and agreement of experts with the proposed pattern, ministry of health and medical education could establish new instructions including comprehensive structure and activities and distribution to all hospitals.