a. kargar

In many engineering constructions, the foundations should be built adjacent to each other. Therefore, the effect of interfering of close foundations should be considered in the design stage. In this research work, the effect of interference of closely separated foundations resting on a slope on the elastic settlement is investigated by considering a semi-analytical solution. The distribution of stress due to the footing pressure in the slope is computed by a proposed Airy stress function, and then by employing the finite difference scheme, the displacement of the footings is calculated. The results obtained show that by increasing the distance between the foundations, the interference influence on the ratio of settlement will be diminished. However, this behavior is highly linked to the slope characteristics. For a slope with a height of 10 times of footing width, beyond an S/B ratio larger than 10, the effect of interference is not tangible, and the footings behave like an isolated foundation. By decreasing the slope height, this behavior will occur at a lower S/B.

traffic tools are the most important factors in reducing traffic crashes, in this research a model is presented for determining the best safety traffic tools which has profound influential on traffic accident. In this research firstly cost of different kind of crash like fetal, injury, and property damage only accident evaluated. For this purpose several factors such as cost of curing injured people or cost which is impacted from dying or disability of people to the society are considered. Beside that for choosing the best safety improvement method for variety rural highway section linear programming implemented in cost-benefit analysis. This method is one of the efficient, one criterion decision method in increasing beneficial in economic project. In this model besides considering cost of accident as fundamental factor of decision, the restriction of budget and problem in different section of the road are considered. One of the most characterizations of this .model is considering more than one safety activity simultaneously km of Urmia-Salmas road, in 91 ,Finally, as a case study and for the sake of research validation .west Azerbaijan province, was modeled