a. raeisi

Erosion by water leads to considerable impacts on natural ecosystems and is accelerated in regions with high land use changes. In this study, through applying the K-means clustering approach on the output of SWAT model, the critical areas with respect to water erosion for Farsan Basin was prioritized for Best Management Practices (BMPs). Based on the results of SWAT model, three pollutant indicators were developed: i) contaminat Load per Unit Area Impact Index (LUAII), ii) contaminates Concentrating Impact Index (CII) and iii) the contaminat Load Impact Index (LII). The basin was divided into 26 sub-basins and according to the clustering results; the southern sub-basins which are situated on sloped areas (more than 25 degrees) were classified as high priority areas for management practice based on all indices. Sub-basins that are located in west, south west and south east have medium priority. These sub-basins are very sensitive to land use change including decreasing rangeland and increasing farming area. Among all sub-basins, those which are placed around two major streams are in stable condition because of low slope and low land use change. Finally, using the results of pollution indicators, we showed it was possible to reduce sediment and nutrient waste through implementing best management methods.

Iran started malaria elimination campaigns many years ago. The purpose of this study was to review the malaria surveillance system in Iran.
 

The data of this study were obtained from the surveillance system of the Center for Communicable Disease Control, a review of records, documents, books and published articles, and also interviews with process owners and experts of malaria surveillance in 2017-2019.
 

The surveillance system of malaria in Iran has a coherent structure, in which all identified cases are reported and monitored from the environmental levels to the center by telephone instantly. Considering that the main goals of the malaria program including disease elimination have been obtained, the surveillance system in Iran is currently aiming at strengthening the elimination phase. In this stage, all new cases are also epidemiologically investigated in addition to examination, treatment and follow-up for categorization of the cases in categories of relapse, indigenous, introduced, and induced.
 

The successful implementation of the surveillance system for malaria over time has caused indigenous cases of disease to be limited to three southeastern provinces of the country and there are fewer than 300 new cases a year. Despite success, since the goal of malaria surveillance in Iran is now disease elimination, continuous monitoring of  correct implementation of all processes and evaluation of the applied strategies are necessary.

The calculation of the geostrophic current of the Persian Gulf is examined in this paper. Twenty stations were considered in this study, in different parts of the Persian Gulf being placed on ten transects. Analysis of the data showed that the most appropriate model is the two-tiered model of geostrophic current in the Persian Gulf. The slope of the two-tiered border in the Persian Gulf is stretched along the north-south border and towards the Persian coasts; the direction of the slope changes when it reaches the Strait of Hormuz. Therefore, the geostrophic balance is established in a north-south direction. The results of the measurements corresponded the results of mathematical models for the Persian Gulf. The results presented in this study indicated that the average speed of geostrophic currents in the summer is 0.01 m/s