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abbas raisi

  • Soroush Afshar Ghahremani, Abbas Raisi *, Sohrab Minaei Beirami, Houman Kahroba, Mahnaz Mardani, Omid Dezfoulian, Vahideh Tarhriz
    Curcumin has been employed in traditional medicine for over a millennium to treat various ailments, and its global use is now widespread. Chinese medicine relies heavily on curcumin as a primary element and uses it to cure infectious diseases, skin disorders, depression, and stress. It has cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-diabetic properties, as well as pharmacological effects on disorders like type II diabetes, atherosclerosis, and human immunodeficiency virus replication. The anti-cancer activity of curcumin has been studied extensively with notable improvements in gastrointestinal, melanoma, urogenital, breast, and lung malignancies. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin on expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, c-Fos, and interleukin (IL)-6 genes in brain and liver tissue owing to the effects of ketamine anesthesia on postnatal rats. The thalamic and hepatic tissues were collected without anesthesia, immediately after anesthesia, and 4 and 12 hr after anesthesia in control and curcumin treated postnatal rats. The results showed that glucose, triglyceride, high- and low-density lipoprotein levels were lowered with curcumin treatment. We also found that ketamine increased c-Fos and inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-6, all of which contribute to inflammation. Brain and liver immunohistochemistry studies confirmed the real-time polymerase chain reaction findings. Curcumin injections alone may be effective in decreasing ketamine-induced inflammation in both brain and liver tissues.
    Keywords: Brain, Curcumin, Ketamine, Liver, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • راضیه محمدی، عباس رئیسی

    هدف این پژوهش، بررسی آسیب شناسی تحقق سیاست توسعه متوازان در فرآیند هدایت تحصیلی دانش آموزان دوره دوم متوسطه شهرستان لردگان است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش در مرحله کیفی، مدیران، دست اندرکاران و برنامه ریزان هدایت تحصیلی، به تعداد بیست نفر و در مرحله کمی، کارکنان اداری و معلمین پایه دهم شهرستان لردگان بود و با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده، سیصدویک نفر به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. به منظور تحلیل استنباطی داده ها از روش های تحلیل عامل تاییدی (با نرم افزار SMARTPLS) استفاده شده است. یافته ها نشان داد چهارده مولفه مدیریت و مهارت والدین، مشکل های آزمون، آگاهی بخشی، ضرورت وجود امکانات در اجرای بهینه، عوامل قانونی و خط مشی گذاری، وجود بانک اطلاعاتی جامع، علاقه شخصی، توجه و شناسایی استعدادهای شخصی، کنترل درونی دانش آموز، توان حرفه ای معلم، توان حرفه ای مشاور و سیاست های توسعه متوازن محتوایی و فرآیندی بر هدایت تحصیلی، مهم ترین آسیب های موجود در حوزه تحقق سیاست متوازن در هدایت تحصیلی، به شمار می روند. نتایج، نشان داد مدیریت و مهارت والدین، مشکل های آزمون، آگاهی بخشی، ضرورت وجود امکانات در اجرای بهینه، عوامل قانونی و خط مشی گذاری، وجود بانک اطلاعاتی جامع، علاقه شخصی، توجه و شناسایی استعدادهای شخصی، کنترل درونی دانش آموز، توان حرفه ای معلم و توان حرفه ای مشاور بر هدایت تحصیلی، تاثیر دارند.

    کلید واژگان: توسعه, توسعه متوازن, هدایت تحصیلی, مشکلات آزمون
    Raziyeh Mohammadi, Abbas Raisi

    The purpose of this research is to investigate the pathology of the implementation of the parallel development policy in the process of academic guidance of second year high school students in Lordegan city. The statistical population of this research was 20 people in the qualitative stage of managers, practitioners and educational guidance planners, and in the quantitative stage, administrative staff and tenth grade teachers of Lordegan city, and 301 people were selected as a sample using a simple random sampling method. . For the purpose of inferential data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis techniques (with SMARTPLS software) have been used. The findings showed 14 components of parent management and skills, test problems, awareness, the necessity of facilities in optimal implementation, legal and policy factors, the existence of a comprehensive database, personal relationship, attention and identification of personal talents, student's internal control. The professional ability of the teacher, the professional ability of the counselor and the balanced development policies of content and process on educational guidance are considered the most important harms in the field of realizing a balanced policy in educational guidance. The results showed the management and skills of parents, test problems, awareness, the need for facilities in optimal implementation, legal and policy factors, the existence of a comprehensive database, personal relationship, attention and identification of personal talents, student's internal control, teacher's professional ability. And the professional ability of the advisor has an effect on the academic guidance.

    Keywords: development, balanced development, academic guidance, test problems
  • Farshid Davoodi, Abbas Raisi *, Ghasem Farjanikish, Hossein Abdollahzadeh, Mohammad Kamalpour

    Medicinal plants were used as treatment many years ago, and now the raw materials of most medicines are obtained from plants. Recently, due to the lack of side effects, the variety of effective compounds in plants, the development of industries related to the cultivation of medicinal plants, the recommendations of the World Health Organization to use plants, and several other reasons, the use of medicinal plants has been widespread. Numerous studies have been performed to investigate the effects of medicinal plants and microbial flora on wound healing. Previous studies revealed the positive effects of medicinal plants on wound healing compared to other chemical drugs, and a significant reduction in inflammation, acceleration of the healing process, and reduction of oxidative stress were observed following the use of herbal medicines. In this review, the effects of the most important Iranian medicinal plants and microbial flora on wound healing in veterinary medicine have been investigated.

    Keywords: wound healing, medicinal plants, Microbial flora, Iranian medicinal plants, veterinary medicine
  • Abbas Raisi, Farshid Davoodi, Rahim Mohammadi *
    Testicular torsion is a disorder that may cause infertility or subfertility in males. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural polyphenol with potent antioxidant effects that its protective effects in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the hepatic, renal, cerebral, and myocardial tissues was demonstrated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of rosmarinic acid on testicular torsion/detorsion. 20 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated, torsion/detorsion, rosmarinic acid 50 mg/kg, and rosmarinic acid 70 mg/kg. testicular torsion was performed for two hours and detorsion was maintained for two hours. Administration of rosmarinic acid was performed 30 min before detorsion in treatment groups. Sperm parameters (sperm motility and sperm concentration), oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, GPx, and CAT), and histopathological damage were examined in all groups. Results indicated that testicular I/R significantly reduced sperm motility and sperm concentration compared to the sham group, while treatment with RA significantly increased motility. Testicular I/R significantly increased MDA level and reduced GPx and CAT levels in the T/D group compared to the sham group, whereas treatment with RA reduced MDA level and increased GPx and CAT levels. Histopathological damages in the T/D group were significantly higher than those in the sham group. RA treatment reduced pathological damages. In conclusion, rosmarinic acid improved sperm parameters, increased antioxidant activity, and reduced histopathological damages. Therefore, it is recommended for attenuating testicular damages.
    Keywords: rosmarinic acid, Testis, Torsion-Detorsion, Rat
  • Hamid Mohyeddin, Reza Sedaghat, Amir Zakian *, Abbas Raisi, Pooran Mohammadi, Faraz Fathi

    Cancer is an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. It is found in animals as well as humans. There are many different types of cancer that are found in animals, symptoms are often similar to those in people. An 8-year-old male donkey was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital and examined for cylinder-like dense mass that was found on the top of the cervical region and extended from the dorsal part of the base of the ears to withers. Radiographic evaluation of the cervical region was demonstrated that the mass was well-demarcated soft tissue opacity in dorsal cervical vertebrae. Ultrasonographic experimentation display a well circumscribe hyperechoic triangular shape mass with fat echogenicity in the sagittal plane without any vascularization. Surgical exploration of the mass indicated fusiform to cylindrical, well-demarcated, and soft tissue in yellow color. The microscopic finding showed that the tumor cells were identical to those in normal fat tissue and massive vacuoles exchange the cytoplasm with peripheralization of the nuclei. Necrosis and inflammation were not observed, while, dystrophic calcification and fibrosis were detected. Based on the aforesaid macro-, microscopic and histopathologic findings, Lipoma was recognized. Nevertheless, no treatment was performed for this case due to the large volume of the mass.

    Keywords: cancer, Cervical region, Donkey, histopathology, Lipoma
  • Abbas Raisi *, Ebrahim Sefidbaf, Ghasem Farjanikish, Peyman Esmaeili Fard Barzegar, Mohsen Abbasi
    Due to the prevalence of burns and the necessity of effective treatment with low and optimal complications, in the present study, the efficacy of olive leaf extract ointment was evaluated as a therapeutic substance for burn wounds. Moreover, the healing effects of olive leaf extract ointment were compared to Silver Sulfadiazine. 36 rats were used in the present study. To create a burn wound, a rectangular piece of copper (2 x 1 cm) was put in 94º C water for 20 minutes and then placed on the rats’ skin for 30 seconds. Then, the rats were randomly divided into three groups; 1) Sham group: Rats did not receive any treatment and just the wound was washed with distilled water. 2) Control group: In this group rats were treated with silver sulfadiazine. 3) OLE group: 10% olive leave extract ointment was employed to treat the wounds. Wounds were macroscopically examined during days 4, 7, 14, and 21. Histopathological assessments were performed on days 4, 7, 14, and 21 in various studied groups. Results revealed that wound contraction was higher in the OLE group compared to the sham and control groups and histopathological examinations indicated that OLE improved wound healing in comparison to the sham group.
    Keywords: Olive Leaf Extract Ointment, Burn, wound healing, Rat
  • مهدی عباسی نیا، شهرام ملکی*، امیر زکیان، عباس رئیسی
    این پژوهش برای بررسی بی دردی و اثرات جانبی دیکلوفناک سدیم به روش اپیدورال روی علایم حیاتی، فراسنجه های هماتوبیوشیمیای و مولفه های الکتروکاردیوگرافی در گوسفندان نژاد لری انجام شد. 18 راس گوسفند ماده غیر آبستن سالم (46/00±2/3 سال) به طور تصادفی به سه گروه تقسیم  شدند و لیدوکایین (5 میلی گرم به ازای کیلوگرم)، دیکلوفناک سدیم (5 میلی گرم به ازای کیلوگرم) یا ترکیب لیدوکایین (5 میلی گرم به ازای کیلوگرم) - دیکلوفناک سدیم (5 میلی گرم به ازای کیلوگرم) را در فضای بین مهره یک و دو دمی دریافت کردند. زمان شروع بی حسی و طول مدت بی حسی در نواحی دنبه، مقعد، پرینه، فرج و ناحیه داخلی ران ها با تست سوزن بررسی شد. علایم حیاتی قبل و در زمان های 5، 15، 30، 45، 60، 90 و 120 دقیقه، پس از تزریق اپیدورال ثبت شد، همچنین در زمان های 30، 60 و 120 دقیقه نوار قلبی، درصد اشباع اکسیژن شریانی و نمونه خون وریدی از تمام گوسفندان اخذ گردید. زمان شروع بی حسی و طول مدت زمان بی حسی در گروه دیکلوفناک سدیم نسبت به دو گروه دیگر به طور معنی داری به ترتیب طولانی تر و کوتاه تر بود (05/0< P). نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان داد دیکلوفناک سدیم همراه با لیدوکایین کیفیت بی حسی اپیدورال در گوسفند را افزایش می دهد و اثر منفی روی مولفه های نوار قلبی و غلظت اکسیژن اشباع شریانی ندارد، اما موجب کاهش غلظت هماتوکریت، تعداد گلبول های قرمز و گلبول های سفید خون می شود، بنابراین به کارگیری دیکلوفناک سدیم در بی حسی اپیدورال توام با لیدوکایین یا منفرد در گوسفند توصیه نمی شود.
    کلید واژگان: بی حسی اپیدورال, گوسفند, هماتولوژی, الکتروکاردیوگرافی
    Mehdi Abbasinia, Shahram Maleki *, Amir Zakian, Abbas Raisi
    This study was performed to evaluate analgesia and side effects of diclofenac sodium on vital signs, hematobiochemical parameters and electrocardiographic indices in Lori sheep after epidural anesthesia. Eighteen non-pregnant healthy sheep (3.00±2.46 years old) haphazardly separated into three groups and received the lidocaine (5 mg/kg), diclofenac sodium (5 mg/kg) or lidocaine (5 mg/kg) plus diclofenac sodium (5 mg/kg) via epidural injection into the first intercoccygeal space. Analgesia onset time and duration were recorded by needle testing on the tail, anus, perineum, vulva and inner thighs. Vital signs were recorded after epidural administration at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Also, electrocardiography, blood oxygen saturation levels and venous blood samples were taken from all sheep at 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Onset and duration of analgesia in the diclofenac group was significantly longer and shorter than the other groups (p<0.05), respectively. The results of this study showed that diclofenac sodium with lidocaine increases the quality of epidural analgesia in sheep and has no negative effect on electrocardiogram (ECG) components and arterial oxygen saturation (SPO2). But it decreases packed cell volume concentration (PCV), red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) count. Therefore, due to these changes, using of diclofenac sodium for epidural anesthesia in sheep is not recommended with or without lidocaine.
    Keywords: Epidural Anesthesia, Sheep, Hematology, Electrocardiography
  • نیکتا مقدسی، عباس رئیسی*، حسن نوروزیان

    تاندون یک پل مکانیکی است که قدرت عضلات را به استخوان ها و مفاصل منتقل می کند.هر ساله آسیب اسکلتی_ عضلانی میلیون ها دلار ضرر اقتصادی به شرکت های فعال در صنعت پرورش حیواناتی که مصرف غذایی دارند، وارد می کند . تاندون عمدتا از سلول های تنوسیت و تنوبلاست تشکیل شده است و توسط الیاف کلاژن جهت گیری و سازمان دهی می‌‌شود.آرتریت/تنوسینوویت ویروسی در طیور یکی از تظاهرات پاتولوژی عفونت ریوویروس پرندگان است. با مشاهدات بالینی و بررسی سرولوژی و یافته های رادیولوژی آرتریت ویروسی را می توان تشخیص داد. مطالعات نشان از تاثیر واکسن بر پیشگیری این بیماری دارند. معدنی شدن تاندون در طیور می‌تواند جزی از روند طبیعی باشد یا بر اثر افزایش سن یا آسیب های وارده بر تاندون ایجاد شود. رسوب مواد معدنی در تاندون ها باعث تبدیل آن به ساختاری سخت با قابلیت انعطاف کمتر می کند.خصوصیات ریخت شناسی بافت و سلولهای تاندون معدنی شده مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.مطالعاتی درباره اثرات فعالیت بر روی تاندون گاستروکنمیوس پرندگان صورت گرفته است.از جمله آسیب های تاندون مربوط به تاندون پاتاژیال است که با قرار گرفتن تحت عمل جراحی به خوبی به درمان پاسخ می‌دهند. تاندون نقش بسیار پررنگی در عملکرد پرندگان دارد و آسیب به آن می‌تواند باعث بروز مشکلات جبران ناپذیری در آنها شود. در نتیجه شناخت ساختار و عملکرد دقیق آن در جلوگیری از آسیب و همچنین درمان موثر تر آن ها الزامی است.

    کلید واژگان: ساختار تاندون, ارتریت ویروسی, معدنی شدن, فعالیت پرنده, تاندون گاستروکنمیوس, تاندون پاتاژیال
    Nikta Moqadasi, Abbas Raisi*, Hassan Norouzian

    Tendon is a mechanical bridge that transmits muscle strength to the bones and joints. Musculoskeletal disorders damages millions of dollars in economic losses each year to companies in the animal husbandry industry that inflict food. The tendon is mainly composed of tenocyte and tenoblast cells and is oriented and organized by collagen fibers. Viral arthritis / tenosynovitis in poultry is one of the pathological manifestations of avian reovirus infection. Viral arthritis can be diagnosed by clinical observations and serological examination and radiological findings. Studies show the effect of vaccines on the prevention of this disease. Tendon mineralization in poultry can be a part of the natural process or can be caused by aging or tendon damage. Mineral deposition in tendons makes it a hard structure with less flexibility. The morphological properties of tissue and mineralized tendon cells have been studied. Several studies on the effects of activity on avian Gastrocnemius tendon have been performed. One of the tendon injuries is related to the patagial tendon, which responds well to treatment after surgery. The tendon plays a vital role in function of birds and is damaged, which causes irreparable problems. Therefore, it is necessary to know its structure and precise function in preventing damage as well as their more effective treatment.

    Keywords: Tendon structure, Viral arthritis, Mineralization, Bird activity, Gastrocnemius tendon, Patagial tendon
  • Farshid Davoodi, Masoud Selk Ghaffari, Abbas Raisi, Omid Dezfoulian *

    Ocular tumors are rarely seen in farm animals. Iridociliary epithelial tumors are the second most common tumor of the eye in dogs and cats, but there is just one report of this tumor in sheep. This case report described the history, clinical signs, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, and surgical management of an iridociliary adenoma tumor in a 3-year-old Iranian Shaal sheep with signs of anorexia, depression, loss of vision, and a mass covering the left eye. The mass had protruded from the left eye globe but had not penetrated the periocular tissues. Enucleation was performed to excise the tumor. Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) and Alcian blue staining methods were done for the mass, but the result for both of them was negative. Slides were also immunostained for antibodies against cytokeratin AE1/AE3, vimentin, and S-100 protein. The results were positive for vimentin but negative for cytokeratin and S-100. According to the results of histopathology and immunohistochemistry, the type of tumor was diagnosed as iridociliary adenoma. To our knowledge, it was the second report of the iridociliary tumor in the sheep and the first report of this tumor in the Iranian Shaal breed.

    Keywords: iridociliary adenoma, ocular tumor, Sheep
  • Farshid Davoodi, Yasin Valizadeh, Abbas Raisi *, Nima Mozaffari, Karin Gohardehi

    One of the most critical emergencies in dogs is esophageal foreign bodies. The most important foreign body reported in the esophagus is bone; however, there are also reports of fish hooks lodged in the esophagus. This case report describes the history, clinical signs, radiographic findings and surgical management of an esophageal foreign body due to a single-barbed fish hook in a 4-month-old Siberian Husky female dog with regurgitation, pain, anorexia and lethargy. In this case, plain radiography was taken to determine the type and location of the foreign body and it was confirmed that a single-barbed fish hook was lodged in the heart base of thorax. Depending on the type of foreign body, penetrable or non-penetrable as well as the location, a variety of methods including endoscopy, fluoroscopy, and surgery are used for its removal. For treatment, for the first time, a covault hook was utilized to remove the foreign body via gastrotomy. Case follow-up during two weeks showed no postoperative complications and the patient was healthy.

    Keywords: covault hook, ‎ Dog, ‎ Esophageal foreign body, ‎ Fish hook
  • Khosro Safari Nikoo, Abbas Raisi *, Amir Zakian, AhmadReza Mohamadnia

    Objective:

     This practice performed to compare the quality of analgesia, hematological parameters, and prevalence of cardiac dysrhythmias following epidural administration of lidocaine, lidocainemeloxicam, and lidocaineMetamizole sodium in cows.

    Animals:

     Fifteen adult Holstein cows aged between 35 years were assigned into three equal groups.

    Design:

     Each cow received the lidocaine (0.22 mg/kg), lidocainemeloxicam (0.11 mg/kg – 0.25 mg/kg) or lidocaineMetamizole sodium (0.11 mg/kg 4 mg/kg) randomly via epidural injection into first intercoccygeal space.
    Procedure Analgesia onset and duration were recorded. Heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and ruminal motility were also recorded at 0, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes, Electrocardiograms at 0, 60 and 120 minutes and blood samples were collected through the caudal vein at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. Detection of arrhythmias was done by checking 60 seconds of each electrocardiogram.

    Results:

     analgesia onset in lidocainemetamizole treatment was significantly longer than that of the other groups (p 0.05). Also, the duration of analgesia was significantly longer in lidocaine treatment compared to other experimental groups (p <0.05). There were no significant differences among heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and ruminal motility between experimental groups (p >0.05). Hematological parameters changes were not significantly different and all of the detected cardiac arrhythmias were physiologic among treatments (p > 0.05).

    Conclusions and Clinical Relevance:

     Aforementioned dosages could be used in cows without any clinical, cardiac, and hematological side effects. Lidocaine analgesia was reliable; however, the authors were not sure about adequate analgesia resulted after injection the halfdose of meloxicam and Metamizole in combination with lidocaine therefore, further studies should be done.

    Keywords: Epidural Analgesia, Electrocardiography, Lidocaine, Meloxicam, Metamizole, Cow
  • Abbas Raisi *, Ali Aleseyedan, Afshar Roomiani, Amir Zakian, Peyman Esmaeili Fard Barzegar

    Case Description:

     The most important causes of abomasal fistulation have been described in association with umbilical hernia and infection and trauma. A 2-month-old male lamb with an open orifice on the ventral abdomen was referred to the veterinary teaching hospital (VTH) of Lorestan University.

    Clinical Findings:

    In this case, the lamb had the abomaso-cutaneous fistula due to unknown penetrating trauma. According to the owner's claim, the above-mentioned non-painful orifice was occurred in the ventral midline due to the rupture of abdominal swelling approximately 45 days ago. On physical examination, heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature were normal, but CBC showed slight neutrophilia and mild anemia.Treatment and Outcomes- After local anesthesia around the fistula, the abomasum adhering to the ventral muscular ring was dissected and closed. Then the muscular ring was closed in a vertical mattress pattern and subcutaneous tissue and skin were sutured in the usual method.

    Clinical Relevance:

     During the fistula examination through the surgical operation, a muscular ring surrounded by fibrous margins was observed with partial abomasal herniation from the muscular defect. Seemed that adhesion between the abomasum and subcutaneous tissue had prevented the development of diffused peritonitis. Early proper surgical intervention is useful for the treatment of trauma-induced abomaso-cutaneous fistulae in ruminants.

    Keywords: lamb, abomaso-cutaneous fistula, Surgery
  • Abbas Raisi *, Farshid Davoodi, Soroush Afshar, Ghahremani, Shayan Taheri, Siavash Sharifi, Milad Adel
    Objective- The present study describes the anesthetic effects of essential oil of Lavender (Lavandula officinalis) in Convict cichlid fish (Cichlasoma nigrofasciata) in comparison with clove powder (Syzygium aromaticum).Study Design- experimental studyAnimals- 25 Juvenile Convict cichlid fish with unknown sex and an average weight of 4.2 ± 0.5 g were used (n = 5 for each experimental group per experiment).Methods- The fish were divided into five groups, initially with five fish per group. Each group was subjected to one of four final concentrations [0.3 and 0.5 g/l] of clove powder and [1.8 and 3 cc/l] essential oil of Lavender and control group was for determination of the basal values for blood parameters. The times for sedation, pre-anesthesia, and anesthesia were recorded based on the behavioral events seen after exposing the fish to each aquarium. After induction of anesthesia, the fish were transferred to anesthetic-free aquariums, and recovery time was recorded. Blood samples were taken by dissecting peduncle just 30 minutes after fish were placed in water contain anesthetics.Results- essential oil of Lavender had efficacy to anesthetize the fish, and its sedation was similar to the clove powder at a commensurate concentration in Convict cichlid fish. However, the anesthesia form was different.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance- Lavender oil as a sedative and anesthetic agent can be used in fish
    Keywords: lavender, Clove, Convict cichlid fish, anesthesia, Hematological changes
  • Shahram Maleki *, Amir Zakian, Ali Valizadeh, Abbas Raisi
    Case Description- A five-year-old Arabian stallion weighing approximately 300 kg with large infected chronic torn wound on the neck and pectoral region 5 days after IM injection of flunixin meglumine with history of anorexia, depression and lack of response to antibacterial treatment referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Lorestan University. Clinical Findings- The clinical symptoms observed during the examination were hematuria and watery diarrhea with very large skin laceration in the affected area. External examination revealed the infectious cervical and pectoral muscles and necrosed skin with purulent discharge and odorous smell. Skin and surrounding tissues were warm, edematous and swelled.Treatment and Outcomes- Surgical treatment started with physical debridement and maggot therapy using Lucilia (Phaenicia) sericata. Then medical treatment continued with intravenous fluid therapy, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) along with topical treatment. Clinical Relevance- The present case demonstrates the serious complications that can occur following non-sterile IM injections and/or as a consequence of flunixin meglumine IM administration. An aggressive pharmacological and surgical therapy is very essential in similar cases. In conclusion, successful management of the cutaneo-muscular necrosis depends upon the condition of wound and selection of proper antibacterial drugs along with early surgical intervention.
    Keywords: Cutaneo-mascular necrosis, Flunixin Meglumine, horse, Wound
  • Farshid Davoodi, Abbas Raisi*

    In this study, differing adult sex ratios of the Southern platyfish, Xiphophorus maculatus were examined for fish larval number and the survival of fish fry. Sixty adult individuals of X. maculatus were randomly divided into 5 equal groups with various male to female sex ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1, and 3:1, respectively. After a month when the male and female fish were kept together in different experimental groups, all the female fish became pregnant. Four different factors in each group were recorded - notably the length of pregnancy, number of fry produced, number of live fry after 40 days, and final percentage survival. According to the analyzed data, the number of fry, the number of surviving fry after 40 days, and the percentage survival were significantly higher in the first group with a male to female sex ratio of 1:1 than the other experimental groups. Our results suggest that the best sex ratio for maximum efficiency is 1:1.

    Keywords: Southern platyfish, sex ratio, fish fry, survival of fry
  • Majid Taati *, Hassan Norouzian, Abbas Raisi
    Objective

    The pineal gland and its principal hormone melatonin play an important role in the circadian organization in birds. However, little is known about the role of melatonin in cardiac activity of broiler chicken. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of intracerebroventricular injection of melatonin in electrocardiographic parameters, heart rate and mean electrical axis in broiler chickens.

    Design

    Experimental study. Animals- Forty male Ross broiler chickens Procedures Ross broiler chickens received intracerebroventricularly (ICV) melatonin. All ECGs were standardized at 1 mV = 20 mm, with paper speed of 50 mm/sec. Leads І, ІІ, ІІІ, aVR, aVL and aVF were recorded. Results- Injection of melatonin (200 nmol) increased the duration of T wave and QRS complex and declined the heart rate as compared to the control group (p<0.05). Mean electrical axis, calculated from leads ІІ and ІІІ, did not differ between groups and it was between -93° and -99° in all chickens.

    Conclusion and clinical relevance

    Exogenous melatonin intracerebroventricularly results in sinusoidal bradycardia in broiler chicken

    Keywords: Melatonin, ECG, Chicken
  • عباس رئیسی *، حسن نوروزیان، احسان امینی، آرمین باروتی، کارین گوهردهی، ماهان علی زاده
    Abbas Raisi *, Hassan Norouzian, Ehsan Amini, Armin Barouti, Karin Gohardehi, Mahan Alizadeh
    Case description

     A 2 years old common mynah (Acridotheres tristis) of unknown sex, weighing 180 g, with history of lack of appetite and depression was referred to the veterinary hospital of Lorestan University.

    Clinical findings

    Clinical signs included: anorexia, depression and diarrhea. Lateral radiograph showed a soft tissue opacity foreign body within the body with its distal end, seemingly in the ventriculus and its proximal end extending to the thoracic esophagus. Treatment and outcome- Because the foreign body can cause obstruction, the decision was made to remove the foreign body by surgery technique. The feathers at the incision site were plucked and the skin was prepared in the usual surgical procedure. An incision (2cm) was made along the ventral midline and after tenting the abdominal musculature and O2 was distributed in the abdominal cavity. Then ventriculus was approached through an initial stab incision in the mid-portion of the ventricular and the foreign body, which was a sewing elastic band, was pulled out slowly with a small mosquito hemostat.

    Clinical relevance

    For removing of a foreign body in GI tract of birds several techniques were reported that depended on size, composition and position of FB in GI tract. In this mynah, due to the position of FB in ventricular cavity, celiotomy method was used. In abdominal surgery changes in the mechanical properties of the respiratory system, may reduce the volume of breathing. So, for preventing of hypoxia, using of O2 is useful.

    Keywords: Foreign body, celiotomy, Common Mynah
  • Abbas Raisi*, Khosro Safari
    The two phenomena of wound contraction and reepithelialization which occur as stages of the repair phase in healing of the wound play an important role in closing the damaged site. Contraction is formed by the transformation of the modified fibroblast cells called myofibroblasts, and these cells, through their tensile properties, pierce the wound's environment and cut the edges together, and after contacting the two healthy regions, this process stops. Epithelialization also covers the damaged area by migrating epithelial cells at the wound surface. These cells, by secretion of the enzymes, open their path of movement on the wound surface and, after reaching the same cells, stop and thus the location of the ulcer is covered and problems such as fluid loss and the entry of microbial objects to the body will be disappeared.
    Keywords: Wound healing, Contraction, Epithelialization
  • Alireza Rahmani, Abbas Raisi *

    One of the reasons of weight loss and poor performance in horses is decrease in food intake. Oral cavity problems can cause malfunctions in prehension and deglutition resulting in dysphagia. There are few published reports about a metallic foreign body disorders in the oral cavity of horses due to an important role of their flexible lip and incisor teeth in food selection and prehension. This report describes the history, clinical, hematological and radiographic findings and surgical management of a left oral wall fistula formation due to a piece of wire penetration in a pregnant mare. The wire was removed through surgical intervention in a standing position of the horse under mild sedation and local anesthesia. One-month follow-up examination showed that the mare had regained her previous work performance with no post-operative complication. Precise oral examination and using an ancillary diagnostic device such as radiography can be suggested for oral cavity pathologies detection and accurate diagnosis in horses.

    Keywords: mare, metallic foreign body, Oral cavity wall, surgical management
  • عباس رئیسی*، قاسم فرجانی کیش، پویا صلاحی
    سابقه و هدف
     امروزه با توجه به شیوع دیابت، ترمیم ضعیف زخم در بیماران دیابتی مساله ای جدی برای بهداشت عمومی محسوب می شود. در این مطالعه اثرات پماد عصاره برگ زیتون بر ترمیم زخم پوستی در موش های صحرایی دیابتی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت.
    مواد و روش ها
    36 موش صحرایی نر به سه گروه کنترل، پماد عصاره برگ زیتون و پماد درماهیل تقسیم شدند. دیابت، توسط یک دوز تزریق درون صفاقی استرپتوزوتوسین (mg/kg65) ایجاد شد. پس از 3 روز، قند خون ناشتا با استفاده از گلوکومتر اندازه گیری شد و موش های صحرایی با سطوح قندخون بالاتر ازmg/dl 250 به عنوان دیابتی در نظر گرفته شدند. تحت بیهوشی یک برش دایره ای تمام ضخامت به قطر 10 میلی متر بر روی ناحیه پشتی گردن ایجاد شد. حیوانات در گروه های کنترل و درمان تا پایان مدت آزمایش یک بار در روز به ترتیب آب مقطر و پماد دریافت کردند. جهت بررسی اثرات پماد برگ زیتون بر زخم های دیابتی، مطالعات ماکروسکوپی و میکروسکوپی در روزهای 4، 7،10 ، 14، 21 انجام شد.
    یافته ها
    در تمامی روزها شاخص های ماکروسکوپی و میکروسکوپی ترمیم زخم در گروه های درمان شده با پماد برگ زیتون و درماهیل در مقایسه با گروه کنترل به طور معنی داری بهتر بود (05/0< P). اگرچه انقباض زخم در گروه پماد درماهیل نسبت به پماد عصاره برگ زیتون بیش تر بود (05/0< P)، تفاوت معنی داری بین این دوگروه از لحاظ شاخص های میکروسکوپی ترمیم زخم مشاهده نشد.
    استنتاج
    مطالعه حاضر بیانگر این است که التیام زخم در موش های دیابتی درمان شده با عصاره برگ زیتون به طور معنی داری ارتقا می یابد.
    کلید واژگان: زخم پوستی, عصاره برگ زیتون, موش صحرایی دیابتی
    Abbas Raisi*, Ghasem Farjanikish, Pouya Salahi
    Background and purpose
    Diabetes mellitus is highly prevalent in the world and poor wound healing in diabetic patients is a serious public health issue nowadays. In this study, we evaluated the healing effects of olive leaf extract ointment on cutaneous wound in diabetic rats.
    Materials and methods
    Thirty six male rats were di vided into three groups: a control group and two experimental groups to receive either olive leaf ointment or derma heal ointment. Diabetes was induced by a single streptozotocin injection (65mg/kg). Three days later, fasting blood glucose was measured by a glucometer. Rats with blood glucose levels above 250 mg/dl were considered as diabetic. Under anesthesia, a circular full-thickness incision (10 mm diameter) was made in shaved dorsal region. Animals in control group received only distilled water, while treatment groups were treated with ointments (once/daily) until the end of the experiment. To investigate the effects of olive leaf ointment on diabetic wounds, macroscopic and microscopic studies were performed at days 4, 7, 10, 14, and 21.
    Results
    Macroscopic and microscopic evaluations showed significantly higher rate of wound healing in experimental groups compared to the control group in all days after wound creation (P<0.05). But, wound contraction was significantly higher in the group receiving derma heal ointment compared with that in the group treated with olive leaf ointment (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two experimental groups in microscopic indices (P>0.05).
    Conclusion
    In this study, wound healing was significantly promoted when diabetic wounds were treated with olive leaf ointment.
    Keywords: cutaneous wound, olive leaf extract, diabetic rat
  • Mahan Alizadeh, Mohajer, Abbas Raisi*, Ghasem Farjanikish, Rahim Mohammadi
     
    Objective
    To assess the effect of locally administered verapamil on transected peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery.
    Methods
    Sixty male healthy white Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups (n=15), randomly: In transected group (TC), left sciatic nerve was transected and stumps were fixed in the adjacent muscle. In treatment group defect was bridged using chitosan tube (CHIT/Verapamil) filled with 10 µL verapamil (100ng/mL). In chitosan conduit group (CHIT), the tube was filled with phosphate-buffered saline alone. In sham-operated group (SHAM), sciatic nerve was exposed and manipulated. The repair trend was examined based on behavioral and performance tests as well as the variations of the gastrocnemius muscle, morphometric indices, and immunohistochemical indices.
    Results
    Sciatic nerve functional study, muscle mass and morphometric indices confirmed faster recovery of regenerated axons in CHIT/Verapamil than CHIT group (P=0.001). When loaded in a chitosan tube verapamil accelerated and improved functional recovery and morphometric indices of sciatic nerve. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the S-100 protein was vastly present in the transverse nerve sections and the myelin sheath. In the treatment group (chit/verapamil), the immunohistochemical susceptibility of the axons being repaired and the axons in the myelin sheath to S-100 protein was higher than the other groups.
    Conclusion
    The present study demonstrated that a single local application of verapamil could accelerate functional recovery after transection of sciatic nerve
    Keywords: Peripheral nerve repair, Sciatic, Verapamil, Chitosan nanofiber
  • Abbas Raisi, Ehsan Amini, Mohammad Ramezani, Amir Hosein Beiraghi
    Case description- A two-month-old cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) of unknown sex ،weighing 58 g was referred for history of ingestion of foreign body inaction.
    Clinical findings- Of course, by examination and observation of chest, an object was seen and touched in the crop. Lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs showed a foreign body within the crop in a transverse position.
    Treatment and outcome- Because the foreign body can cause obstruction we decide to remove it by minor surgery. The feathers at the incision site were plucked. The skin was prepared for aseptic operation. The crop was approached through a 1 cm skin incision in the left lateral cervical region to remove the foreign body and the end of silicon needle was pulled out slowly and the foreign body was removed carefully.
    Clinical Relevance- Crop has a good blood supply and heals well, so, the surgical removal of the foreign body from crop can be used.
    Keywords: Cockatiel, Crop, Foreign body, Surgery
  • Majid Taati *, Abbas Raisi
    Objective- The objective of the present study was to define electrocardiographic data following intranasal administration of diazepam, midazolam and xylazine with or without Ketamine in Chough.
    Design- To determine the heart effects of anesthetics in intranasal administration, an experimental in vivo study was employed.
    Animals- Ten healthy Choughs were examined in the current study
    Procedures- After intranasal administration of diazepam, midazolam and xylazine with or without Ketamine, electrocardigorams were recorded by a direct writing electrocardiograph. Then the heart rate, durations (seconds - s) and amplitude (millivolts - mv) of the P wave, QRS complex and T wave all measured in the bipolar II derivation
    Results- There was a normal sinus rhythm after application of all drugs or combinations. The range of the heart rate of the birds was from 93 to 321 beats/min. The P wave was always positive in all recorded leads after administration. During anesthesia or sedation with all drugs, the T wave was positive in leads I, II, III and aVF and negative in leads aVR, and aVL. The amplitude and duration of P, QRS and T waves were changed after intranasal administration of all drugs or combinations.
    Conclusion and Clinical Relevance- Based on the electrocardiographic hjfindings it seems that the xylazine is not a suitable drug to induce sedation and anesthesia of choughs via intranasal administration. Therefore, xylazine must be used for birds when its antagonists are accessible.
    Keywords: ECG, Anesthesia, Intranasal administration, Chough
  • سیاوش شریفی، فرنگیس شریفی، عباس رئیسی
    هدف از این تحقیق این بود که اثرات چربی دنبه در بی هوشی با داروی هالوتان را بر روی زمان های بهبودی در گوسفند دنبه دارنژاد بختیاری را در دو مرحله (گروه شاهد و گروهی که شریان خاجی میانی آن ها لیگاتور شد) ارزیابی شد. در این مطالعه از 8 راس گوسفند 12-10 ماهه جنس ماده استفاده شد که دو بار به فاصله دو هفته بیهوش شدند. در مرحله اول،‏ القای بیهوشی به وسیله ماسک با داروی هالوتان و اکسیژن انجام شد و بعد از لوله گذاری،‏ نگهداری بی هوشی به مدت 3 ساعت ادامه پیدا کرد (گروه کنترل) و زمان های القاء،‏ در آوردن لوله نایی،‏ زمان نشستن گوسفند روی جناغ سینه و ایستادن در طول القای بی هوشی و برگشت از بی هوشی ثبت شد. در مرحله دوم (2 هفته بعد) شریان خاجی میانی گوسفندان از طریق بی حسی اپیدورال قبل از القای بی هوشی لیگاتور شد و بی هوشی مثل مرحله اول انجام شد (گروه آزمایشMSAL) . زمان های در آوردن لوله نایی،‏ نشستن روی جناغ سینه و ایستادن گوسفندان در گروه کنترل نسبت به گروه آزمایش طولانی تر بود. پس میتوان گفت که چربی دنبه گوسفند متابولیسم و حلالیت داروی هالوتان را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد. همچنین به دلیل متابولیسم و حلالیت بالای این دارواستفاده از آن برای بیهوشی در بیماران چاق مناسب نیست.
    کلید واژگان: زمان های بهبودی, هالوتان, بی هوشی, گوسفند
    Siavash Sharifi, Farangis Sharifi, Abbas Raisi
    Effect of fat-tail on recovery times in halothane-induced anesthesia, in fat-tailed Bakhtiyari sheep were studied. The study was done in tow steps (Two study group: sheep with unligated median sacral artery (MSA) and those with ligated MSAL). In this study, eight 10-12 month old, fat-tailed Bakhtiyari ewe lamps were anesthetized twice with a two-week interval. In the first step, anesthesia was induced using a facemask applying halothane and oxygen. The anesthesia was maintained for 3 hr after intubation (control group). Anesthesia induction time, extubation time, time to sternal recumbency and time of standing up were recorded carefully during and after anesthesia. In the second step (two weeks later), MSA was ligated under epidural anesthesia prior to induction of general anesthesia which was carried out similar to that in the first step (MSAL experimental group). The extubation time, time to sternal recumbency and time of standing up were significantly longer in the control groups compared to those in the experimental group. Therefore, it can be concluded that fat-tail affects the metabolism and solubility of halothane. Furthermore, due to the high solubility and metabolism rate of this anesthetic, it is not suitable to be used for overweight/obese patients.
    Keywords: Anesthesia, halothane, recovery time, sheep
  • عباس رئیسی، قاسم فرجانی کیش، محسن عباسی، عباس پیرزاده، عارف کرد، فاطمه قلندری
    سابقه و هدف
    درمان صحیح ومراقبت از زخم و هم چنین جلوگیری از عفونی شدن آن جهت افزایش سرعت بهبودی، همواره مد نظر انسان بوده و روش های مختلف برای رسیدن به این هدف به کار گرفته شده است. استبرق،گیاهی است که خواص ضد التهابی وضد میکروبی زیادی برای آن گزارش شده است.هدف ازانجام این مطالعه بررسی تاثیر شیره و عصاره هیدروالکلی استبرق بر ترمیم زخم پوستی درمدل رت بود.
    مواد و روش ها
    45 سر موش صحرایی نر به وزن 250-200 گرم به صورت تصادفی به دو گروه آزمایش و یک گروه کنترل تقسیم شدند. بیهوشی با زایلازین و کتامین به صورت داخل صفاقی انجام شد. سپس موهای پشت حیوان تراشیده شد و پس از ضد عفونی شدن با بتادین و گاز استریل، در مجاورت مهره های گردنی یک برش تمام ضخامت دایره ای شکل به قطر 6 میلی متر ایجاد شد. در گروه های آزمایش شیره و عصاره الکلی گیاه به صورت موضعی بر روی زخم استفاده شد در حالی که در گروه کنترل از نرمال سالین استفاده شد. در گروه سوم نرمال سالین به مدت 5 روز، روزانه یک بار روی زخم ریخته شد.
    یافته ها
    در روزهای 4، 7، 14 و 21، پس از سنجش میزان انقباض زخم، نمونه هایی از پوست دوحیوان در هر گروه برای آزمایش های هیستوپاتولوژی اخذگردید. مقاطع با ضخامت 5 میکرونی تهیه و پس از رنگ آمیزی هماتوکسیلین-ائوزین با میکروسکوپ نوری بررسی شدند. دراین مطالعه میزان انقباض زخم درتمام روزها درگروه های تیمار از گروه کنترل بیش تر بود. هم چنین در آزمایش هیستوپاتولوژی، شاخص های ترمیم زخم درتمام روزها درگروه های تیمار بهتر بودند ولی بین گروه های تیمار اختلاف معنی داری وجود نداشت.
    استنتاج: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که شیره و عصاره گیاه استبرق موجب تسریع در روند بهبود زخم می شود و مدت زمان لازم برای بهبودی کامل زخم را کاهش می دهد.
    کلید واژگان: استبرق, شیره, عصاره الکلی, هیستوپاتولوژی, ترمیم زخم
    Abbas Raisi, Ghasem Farjanikish, Mohsen Abbasi, Abbas Pirzadeh, Aref Kord, Fatemeh Ghalandari
    Background and
    Purpose
    Appropriate treatment and care are essential to promote healing and preventing infection of wound and different approaches have been used to avoid such complications. Calotropis procera is a plant with anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. properties. The aim of the present study was the evaluation the effects of latex and hydro-alcoholic extract of Calotropis procera on cutaneous wound healing in a rat model.
    Materials And Methods
    Forty five male rats weighting 200-250g were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. Anesthesia was done by intraperitoneal administration of ketamine-xylazine combination. Then¡ back hairs of animals were shaved and after disinfection with betadine a circular full thickness incision with 6 mm diameter was made near the cervical vertebras. Latex and hydro-alcoholic extract of plant were poured topically on wound in two experimental groups¡ while in the control group normal saline was used once daily for five days.
    Results
    On days 4¡ 7¡ 14¡ and 21¡ after assessment of wound contraction rate¡ two rats from each group were euthanized and skin samples were prepared for histopathologic examination. Sections in 5 µm thicknesses were stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and studied microscopically. In all days¡ wound contraction rate was higher in experimental groups compared to that in control group. Histopathologic examination showed that in all days other indices of wound healing were in a better state in experimental groups¡ but there were no any significant differences between the two experimental groups.
    Conclusion
    Results showed that the latex and hydro-alcoholic extract of Calotropis procera accelerate skin wound healing and decreases the duration of complete wound healing.
    Keywords: Calotropis procera, latex, hydro, alcoholic extract, histopathology, wound healing
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  • دکتر عباس رئیسی
    دکتر عباس رئیسی
    دانشیار گروه علوم درمانگاهی دامپزشکی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
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