abdollah shafiabadi

This study aimed to determine the nature and indicators of job crisis based on the lived experiences of nurses. This research is a qualitative study in which the researcher collected and analyzed data using the grounded theory method. For this purpose, 21 nurses working in Tehran hospitals in 1403 who had experience facing a job crisis were selected purposefully and interviewed until the data reached saturation. Data analysis was conducted using the Strauss and Corbin method (2014). The "occupational crisis of nurses" was identified by analyzing the data as the core issue. In the section on causal conditions, "improper job planning" and "challenging environmental conditions" were identified. The intervening conditions section highlighted "coordination-related challenges" and "communication and challenges related to resource provision" were highlighted. In the contextual conditions section, "incorrect management policies", "pressures from family and relatives", and "cognitive distortions" were identified. In the outcomes section, "negative self-efficacy", "experiencing stress and anxiety", and "feelings of indifference" was found to impact the nursing community. Various factors, including improper job planning, challenging environmental conditions, coordination and communication issues, and incorrect management policies, were identified as the main reasons for this crisis. To address these challenges, the use of problem-solving skills, management of relationships with colleagues, and the creation of a secure work environment were recommended.

The aim of the present research was to investigate the phenomenological study of elderly individuals' lived experiences of the empty nest phenomenon and its coping components. Purposeful sampling was employed until data saturation was achieved, resulting in the selection of 17 participants, including 11 females and 6 males. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi's method. The research findings in the domain of lived experiences consisted of four main themes: "Existential Crisis," "Emotional Turmoil," "Interpersonal Disruption," and "Positive Experiences." Additionally, coping components with the empty nest phenomenon included "Awareness and Willingness for Adaptation," "Purposeful Growth Experience," "Escape and Empathy," and "Strengthening Connection with Existential Source." In the domain of lived experiences, the theme of "Existential Crisis" encompassed four subthemes: "Sense of Void," "Fear of Death," "Confronting Existential Anxiety," and "Confronting Loneliness." The theme of "Emotional Turmoil" comprised four subthemes: "Experience of Contradictory Emotions," "Reactive Depressive Experience," and "Diminished Pleasure in Life." The theme of "Interpersonal Disruption" included three subthemes: "Lack of Mutual Understanding in Marriage," "Experience of Marital Conflicts," and "Social Withdrawal." The theme of "Positive Experiences" covered the subthemes: "Increased Leisure Time and Autonomy" and "Improved Relationship with Spouse." Moreover, in the coping components domain, the theme of "Awareness and Willingness for Adaptation" included "Self-Reflection and Self-Reliance," the theme of "Purposeful Growth Experience" encompassed "Engagement in Intellectual and Occupational Activities," "Recontextualization," and "Increased Resilience and Endurance." The theme of "Escape and Empathy" included "Focusing on Offspring's Happiness and Satisfaction," "Assisting Similar Individuals," and "Grandparenting." The theme of "Strengthening Connection with Existential Source" comprised "Gratitude and Trust," "Enhancing Spiritual Connection," and "Engagement in Religious Activities." Psychological experiences of facing the empty nest revealed contradictory emotions and reactions. Elderly individuals experience both positive and negative aspects during this phase, utilizing both intrapersonal and interpersonal dimensions for coping with the empty nest. Therefore, it is suggested that the findings of this research be utilized in planning, preventive actions, and interventions for elderly individuals experiencing the empty nest syndrome.

Individuals with social anxiety disorder widely perceive online social networks as a convenient platform for social interaction, influencing their preference for online interaction over in-person engagement.The present research aimed to examine the experiences of adolescents with social anxiety disorder on Instagram. The research method used was descriptive phenomenology, conducted through semi-structured interviews with 12 adolescents until data saturation was reached. Instagram was selected as the sole platform among social networks due to its high usage rate and relevance. The study population consisted of male adolescents aged 15 to 18 from Tehran who were users of the Instagram app and had social anxiety disorder. Sampling in this research was done through purposeful sampling using the LaGreca Social Anxiety Scale (1999). Data analysis was carried out using the seven-step Colaizzi method. The findings related to adolescents' experiences were categorized into two core themes: "Restorative Experiences" and "Harmful Experiences." Restorative experiences encompassed four main codes: "establishing connections and maintaining friendships," "emotional regulation," "receiving mental health-related information," and "assisting in social identity formation." The core code for Harmful Experiences included "negative comparisons and evaluations," "undermining social competencies," and "weakening of personality." Adolescents with social anxiety disorder have varied positive and negative experiences on social networks. Mental health professionals can utilize the findings of this research to develop strategies and interventions tailored to adolescents' experiences

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of treatment based on the acceptance and commitment approach (ACT) with reality therapy on marital cohesion in conflicted couples in the post-corona era. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the present study was all conflicted couples who were referred to clinics and counseling centers in the 20th district of Tehran in 2022. 45 people were selected purposefully and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. The research tool was Samani Marital Coherence (MCQ, 2002). Treatment intervention based on acceptance and commitment approach (ACT) and reality therapy was implemented in 8 sessions of 90 minutes, twice a week as a group for the first and second experimental groups. The data were analyzed using mixed analysis of variance. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the post-test and the follow-up groups of the test and evidence of marital cohesion (P<0.05) and acceptance and commitment therapy was significantly more effective than reality therapy on the marital cohesion of conflicted couples in the post-corona period and between the two treatments, A significant difference was observed (P<0.05). Therefore, it can be said that the acceptance and commitment approach (ACT) was more effective than reality therapy in increasing marital cohesion in conflicted couples.

Empty nest syndrome (SEN) in Iranian older adults is becoming an important social phenomenon. Although it is not a clinical disorder, it can affect a person’s life and lead to depression, alcoholism, marital conflicts, and identity crisis. This study aims to explore the lived experiences of older adults with SEN in Iran.

This is a qualitative phenomenological study. Participants were 17 older adults with a mean age of 65.7 years (6 males and 11 females) suffering from ENS in Tehran, Iran, in 2022. Sampling was done purposefully and until reaching theoretical saturation. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data regarding lived experiences.

Six main themes (existential crisis, emotional turmoil, cognitive disorientation, functional decline, disruption in interpersonal relationships, and satisfaction with the transition period) and 23 sub-themes were extracted.

Understanding of Iranian older adults’ experiences of ENS can provide valuable insights to gerontologists and practitioners in fields of psychology, counseling, and social work to develop future interventions for these older adults and enhance their quality of life.

This studyaimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on borderline personality disorder. The method of the current research was quasi-experimental, and the design used in this research was a pre-test-post-test design with an experimental group and a control group. The first measurement was performed by performing a pre-test before the group therapy sessions, and the second measurement was performed after the completion of the therapy sessions. The present study's statistical population comprised all people with borderline personality disorder who had visited two counseling centers of Hamta and CheshmAndazRoshan in district one of Tehran in 2022. In order to form two groups, subjects were selected using the purposeful sampling method and then using the matching method, 15 subjects were assigned to the experimental group of emotion-focused treatment and 15 subjects were assigned to the control group. Leichsenring‘sborderline personality scale (1999) was used to collect data, and analysis of covariance and SPSS software were used for statistical data analysis. The observed F-value for the desired variable in the adjusted model (adjusting the pre-test effect) is equal to 72.865 and its significance level (sig) is also equal to 0.000, which indicates the existence of a significant difference between the post-test score in the experimental group and the control group. Therefore, the main effect of the group variable is significant. Emotion-focused treatment affects the treatment of borderline personality patients with an effect size of 0.894.

Due to the psychological distress and negative emotions during this period, such as the feeling of failure in the turbulences, stresses and pressures of life, the elderly face more challenges. Their lives will be Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of developing a distress tolerance model in the elderly based on perceived support, experiential avoidance and spiritual intelligence with the mediating role of mindfulness. The research method was descriptive and correlation type, which was done in the form of path analysis. The statistical population of the present study was the elderly of Tehran between the ages of 65 and 80, of which 300 were selected using available sampling. The data collection tools in this research are Perceived Social Support Scale (1988), King's Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire (2008), Simmons and Gaher's Distress Tolerance Scale (2005), Brown and Ryan's Mindfulness Scale (2003) and the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire by Gomes and colleagues (2011). The resulting data were analyzed at the descriptive level using mean and standard deviation and at the inferential level using correlation test and regression analysis and path analysis to investigate the role of mediator, using SPSS and AMOS software. The results indicated that the model for developing distress tolerance in the elderly has an acceptable fit. This shows that the variables of perceived support, experiential avoidance and spiritual intelligence are directly related to distress tolerance. The relationship between mindfulness and distress tolerance is directly significant, and also the indirect effect of perceived support, experiential avoidance, and spiritual intelligence with distress tolerance with the mediation of mindfulness is significant (P<0.05). The results indicate that perceived support, experiential avoidance and spiritual intelligence with the mediating role of mindfulness are very important and effective in coping with the distress of the elderly.

  One of the most challenging issues that can happen to people in their lifetime today is the experience of love failure, which is mainly associated with various negative consequences. The aim of the current research was to identify the factors that affect love failure. For this purpose, the systematic review method was used. In this section, the community included all domestic and international written sources (printed/electronic) on the experience of love failure, which could be retrieved and accessed through domestic and foreign databases. After determining the inclusion criteria (published from 2000 to now; studies that were published in a reputable journal and had full text; experimental and review studies) and screening and evaluation of articles, 37 studies were selected. With the systematic review of the background of the research and based on the systematic review, personality characteristics, attachment style and maladaptive schemas as three important individual factors, parenting patterns as an important family factor and perceived social support as an important factor. social influence on the experience of love failure were identified. Based on the results of this research, it is necessary to pay attention to the identified individual, family and social variables in the design of interventions and programs that are designed for the prevention or treatment of emotional failure. The effect and role of each of these variables on emotional failure was discussed.

Resilience as the human capacity to overcome or adapt to adverse life situations has been widely given special attention in recent years.  The main purpose of this research was to investigate the model of academic resilience model based on media literacy and innovative thinking with the mediating role of regulating academic emotions.  The present research method was based on a quantitative strategy and descriptive-correlation technique. The statistical population of the current research was all the students of the universities of Kermanshah in the academic year 1400-1401 with a population of 34676 people. For this purpose, 335 students (193 women, 142 men) were randomly selected and answered the questionnaires of Phalsafi Media Literacy (2013), Innovative Thinking of Morad (2021), Regulation of Academic Emotions by Pekrun (2002), and Academic Resilience by Samuels (2004). The structural equation method was used for data analysis.  The structural equation modeling analysis indicated the acceptable fit of the model with the data. Also, the research findings showed that media literacy and innovative thinking have a direct effect on academic resilience. Also, these two variables predict academic resilience indirectly through the regulation of academic emotions. Therefore, to improve the academic resilience of students, it is necessary to focus on media literacy and innovative thinking and improve the regulation of their academic emotions.

This research aimed to investigate the lived experiences of elderly individuals in relation to the empty nest phenomenon. A combined methodological approach was utilized for this qualitative study, employing a phenomenological method. Participants were purposefully selected using a targeted sampling method until theoretical saturation was reached. Ultimately, 17 elderly individuals residing in empty nests were chosen to undergo in-depth interviews. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive phenomenological analysis. The empirical exploration of participants' experiences in confronting an empty nest led to the identification of eight main themes and 25 sub-themes: 1) Sobriety and adaptation (self-reflection and reliance on personal capabilities), 2) Self-care (engaging in pleasurable and health-promoting activities, receiving psychological services, and engaging in mindfulness exercises), 3) Attitudinal changes (revising perspectives on separation from children and nurturing hope for future reunions), 4) Emotional regulation strategies (accepting emotions related to separation, reevaluating memories, journaling thoughts and feelings, avoiding cognitive rumination, and learning from peer experiences), 5) Strengthening social bonds (determination to improve communication, perception of network support, utilizing support from family and parents, participating in collective activities, and maintaining connections and obtaining information about children), 6) Purposeful growth experience (resuming scholarly and cultural activities, reinterpreting life's meaning, and enhancing resilience and adaptability), 7) Focusing on self-fulfillment (prioritizing happiness and satisfaction for their children and assisting individuals with similar issues), and 8) Enhancing spiritual connections and engaging in religious activities (expressing gratitude, relying on faith, and participating in religious and spiritual activities).

Considering the complexity and importance of borderline personality disorder as well as the relatively high prevalence rate of this disorder in the society, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of emotion-oriented therapy on the treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder.

The method of this quasi-experimental research and the design used to examine the hypotheses in this research was a pre-test-post-test design with an experimental group and a control group. The statistical population of this research was made up of all people with borderline personality disorder who visited two counseling centers in one area of Tehran in 2020. 30 people with borderline personality disorder were selected by purposive sampling method and then these people were placed in two groups of 15 people (emotional treatment experimental group and control group) by matching method. The experimental group received 12 sessions of 120 minutes on a weekly basis and the control group did not receive the treatment. The tool for collecting information in this research was the borderline personality questionnaire (Leichsenring, 1999). Due to the quantitative nature of the research, data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics methods (analysis of covariance test).

The findings showed that the observed F value for the borderline personality and its dimensions in the adjusted model (by adjusting the pre-test effect) for the whole scale, identity confusion, primary defense mechanism, reality testing, fear of intimacy and borderline personality respectively, is equal to: 33.275, 8.123, 7.902, 10.025 and 72.865. Moreover, its significance level (sig) is equal to 0.000, which indicates the existence of a significant difference between the post-test score in the experimental group and the control group, so the main effect of the group variable is significant, which means that emotion-oriented treatment is effective in the treatment of patients with borderline personality.

Therefore, it can be concluded that emotion-oriented therapy can be a useful method for treating patients with borderline personality disorders, so it is suggested that specialists benefit from it in their work

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting family continuity among infertile couples with marital satisfaction. The statistical population of the study included  infertile couples with marital satisfaction in Isfahan and the the sample was selected based on the process of saturation, including 9 infertile couples with marital satisfaction whose ideas were questioned through a semi-structured interview….after completing the Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (ENRICH).The obtained data were analyzed using a qualitative method based on data analysis in the field theory method. Based on the key findings from interviews with infertile couples with marital satisfaction, continuing family factors include personal factors, religious beliefs, financial independence, family support, similar beliefs, counseling, successful sex, lack of childbearing priority, negative attitude toward divorce, attention to Other aspects of life, are involuntary marriage, relationship management, and difficult acceptance. It is expected that paying attention to these factors in forming a family and creating or strengthening them in the life of infertile couples will increase marital satisfaction and life expectancy

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of reality therapy on attachment, intimacy and marital satisfaction of couples with marital conflicts. The research method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and control group design and a two-month follow-up phase and follow-up period in two months. The statistical population of the present study included couples with marital conflicts who referred to the Zharfa and Ravan Parvaz counseling center in the 3rd district of Tehran in the first six months of 2020. 30 couples (60 people) were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (15 couples in the experimental group and 15 in the control group). After dropping, the final sample number was 25 couples (13 couples in the experimental group and 12 couples in the control group). The experimental group received reality therapy (14 sessions) during 14 weeks (90 minutes). The applied questionnaires in this study included marital conflict questionnaire (Barati, 1996), marital intimacy questionnaire (Bagarouzi, 2001), Adult attachment scale (Collins, Read, 1990) and marital satisfaction (Olson, 1996). The results showed that reality therapy is effective on the avoidant attachment style, anxious and secure, marital intimacy and marital satisfaction of the couples with marital conflicts. According to the findings of the present study, schema the reality therapy rapy can be used as an efficient approach to improve attachment, intimacy and marital satisfaction of couples with marital conflicts through focusing on the present time, avoid inconsistent criticism and training accountability.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of matrix group therapy on the cognitive regulation of emotion, coping strategies, and relapse in methamphetamine-dependent people. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all methamphetamine addicts in Miandooab City in 2019. 30 people from the above society were selected according to the entry and exit criteria through targeted sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received Matrix group therapy during 14 sessions of 90 minutes (one session per week). The research tools included the Emotion Cognitive Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) by Gross and John (2003), Coping Strategies (WOCQ) by Lazarus and Folkman (1985), and the Predictive Return Scale (PRC) by Wright (1993). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of cognitive regulation of emotion, coping strategies, and relapse (p<0.05). Therefore, matrix group therapy has been an efficient method to increase cognitive emotion regulation, and coping strategies and reduce relapse in methamphetamine-dependent people.

The present research aimed to determine the upcoming challenges to working nurse mothers using a qualitative method and Grounded Theory approach.

The studied population in this research included all the nurse mothers working in imam Reza hospital in Bojnourd in 1397 which were selected by purposive sampling method .The researcher ,then, conducted deep semi-structured he continued to interview 4 more. The data were analyzed using the qualitative method and Grounded Theory approach.

The findings regarding the research question (What are the upcoming challenges to working nurse mothers in choosing a child upbringing method?) suggested that the conditions governing any workplace, any family and any upbringing situation are among the general factors that are considered to be determining factors in choosing a child upbringing method.

It was eventually revealed that the factors pertinent to family and work environments, which interfere with the nature of mother-child interactions, are among the upcoming challenges to working nurse mothers in choosing a child upbringing method.

Self-efficacy in career decision making is also one of the most important factors in people's career success. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of hope-based career counseling on self-efficacy in career decision making and job hope.

The present study was conducted by semi-experimental method and pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all women seeking high school work who were introduced to technical and vocational training centers in Tehran to receive training and skills, among which 30 were randomly selected and placed in two groups of career path counseling based on hope and control group. The data collection tool was self-efficacy questionnaires in career decision making and job hope. In the experimental group, the hope-based training package was performed in six sessions and no intervention was performed in the control group. After data collection, standard mean and deviation and covariance analysis were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that career path counseling based on hope of self-efficacy increase is effective in career decision making (P<0.001) and job hope (P<0.001) and their subscales.

In career counseling based on hope, a person successfully performs job selection tasks well and can fulfill his commitment, which can increase self-efficacy and job hope.

The aim of this research was to the effectiveness of Expressive Art Therapy on attachment injuries in couples with betrayal Trauma. This research was applied research and a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test designs with control groups. The statistical population include16 couples (32 persons) who were selected through the convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. All of them completed the researcher-made questionnaire (Attachment  Injuries questionnaire)  in two stages pre-test and post-test and the experimental group received the therapeutic expressive art therapy protocol. After data collection, data were analyzed via co-variance analysis. The results showed that there was a significant difference in P <0.05 level between the average record of attachment injuries variable with pre-test effect control in the post-test of experimental and control groups. Therefore it can be said that expressive art therapy was one of the effective methods of attachment injury reduction in couples.

Considering the complexity and importance of borderline personality disorder as well as the relatively high prevalence rate of this disorder in the society, this research was conducted as a comparison of the effectiveness of emotion- focused therapy with mentalization-based therapy on the treatment of people with borderline personality disorder.

The method of this semi-experimental research and the design used to examine the hypotheses in this research was a pre-test-posttest design with an experimental group and a control group. The statistical population of this research consisted of all people with borderline personality disorder who visited two counseling centers in Tehran district 1 in 2019. Therefore 45 people with borderline personality disorder were selected by purposive sampling method and then these people were placed in three groups of 15 (emotion-oriented treatment experimental group, mentalization-based treatment experimental group and control group) by matching method. The experimental groups received 12 weekly 120-minute sessions of emotion-focused therapy and mentalization-based therapy, and the control group did not receive therapy. The data collection instrument in this research was the borderline personality questionnaire by Leishnering (1999). Due to the quantitative nature of the research, data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistical methods (covariance analysis test).

The findings showed that emotion- focused therapy and mentalization-based therapy are effective on the treatment of people with borderline personality disorder. Also, the results showed that there is a significant difference between the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy and mentalization-based therapy on the treatment of borderline personality disorder, and the effectiveness of mentalization-based therapy is greater than emotion-focused therapy on the treatment of borderline personality disorder.

Both intervention methods were effective in improving the symptoms of people with borderline personality disorder. However, the effect of mentalization-based therapy is more effective than emotionfocused therapy the treatment of people with borderline personality disorder.

The aim of this study was to design a structural model for predicting marital adjustment based on religious orientation mediated by lifestyle.

The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included all married clients to counseling centers in Tehran in the first half of 1400. By the rule of 10 people for each measured variable, the sample size was determined to be 250 people and multi-stage cluster sampling was selected using random sampling method.Modified paired adjustment questionnaire, religious orientation questionnaire and LSQ lifestyle questionnaire were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed through descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling with the help of SPSS27 and AMOS24 statistical software at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that the research model fits with the collected data. The result of modeling structural equations with the presence of mediating variables showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between internal religious orientation and lifestyle. There is a negative and significant relationship between external religious orientation and marital adjustment. Finally, the results showed that lifestyle plays a mediating role between inner orientation and marital adjustment.

Religious orientation is one of the effective factors in marital adjustment and lifestyle affects the effect of this factor on marital adjustment. Therefore, in order to increase marital adjustment, it is necessary to pay attention to the role of mediating variables such as lifestyle.

The purpose of this study was to design a statistical model to predict work and organizational ethics on the basis of personality traits , attachment styles and cognitive schemas by mediating job adjustment among the personnel of the judiciary. The study population consisted of all the employees of the judiciary. 76 people were selected by convenience sampling method. The tools of data collection included questionnaire of labour ethics gregory peti, NEO Personality Inventory, Hazan & Shaver attachment inventory questionnaire, Young 's early maladaptive schema questionnaire and Davies and Lofquist job adjustment questionnaire. The data obtained from the study were analyzed by path analysis and SPSS and AMOS softwares. Based on the results of the research , each of the concepts of personality traits , attachment styles and cognitive schemas can predict work ethic appropriately . In the meantime , the concept of job adaptation mediate the relationship between personality traits , attachment styles , cognitive schemas and work ethics. in sum , the models presented in this research , theoretically in psychology , are confirmed and can be used in the field of selection of employees and career counseling and guidance .

Any problem faced by maladjusted couples has roots in their little knowledge of their own moods, emotions, and personality traits. The present study investigated the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) on marital commitment and marital burnout among couples with marital conflicts.

This quasi-experimental research was performed based on a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population consisted of all couples who visited the couple therapy clinics of Mahshahr, Iran, in 2019. Using convenience sampling, 60 participants were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The research tools included the Marital Burnout Questionnaire and Marital Commitment Questionnaire. The experimental group participated in eight sessions of SFBT, whereas the control group only received routine counseling. At the end of the intervention, participants were administered a post-test and a follow-up questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software-23.

The mean of post-test scores for marital commitment and marital burnout were 196.10±18.72 and 48.81±5.32 in the experimental group and 100.27±5.43 and 75.79±4.28 in the control groups, respectively. The results showed that the mean score of marital commitment was higher and the men score of marital burnout was lower in the experimental group than in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was significant (p<0.001).

SFBT was effective in reducing couples’ marital burnout and improving their marital commitment. Therefore, this intervention is recommended to be used in counseling centers to reduce marital conflicts in couples

Conceptual model of coping strategies confronted the responsibilities of female-headed households: a phenomenological studyAbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate coping strategies for women heads of households. Welfare was in Tehran. The sampling was first performed as a relative classification of Shemiranat, Shahriyar, Robat Karim and Tehran, then ended with a targeted sampling method of the property within two months until theoretical saturation. Statistical sample (35) of women heads of households, (12) social worker and 6 managers of welfare branches, in total (53) people. The data from the interview were analyzed by open and central coding method. Women's problems: psychological, physical, economic; Child related; Primary, cultural, and supportive families were identified. In addition, the results of 124 concepts, 17 sub-categories, 4 main categories: 1- Individual factors of effective coping strategies (resilience, self-efficacy, optimism, cognitive evaluation, spirituality) 2- Inefficient individual factors (cognitive and emotional distortions, passive style) , Physical-psychological disorders, dysfunctional parenting style) 3- Effective social factors (social participation, social cohesion, social trust) and 4-Inefficient social factors (insufficient participation, insufficient cohesion, insufficient trust and dependent factors)and 2 main themes of effective and ineffective coping strategies were identified. Based on the comprehensive multimodal hierarchical model, The effective components of spirituality, resilience, and the dysfunctional components of lack of trust and social cohesion, as well as the dependent and passive style in the female head of welfare, were more sensitive.

Research background shows the crucial role of emotion regulation strategies in couples' adjustment. Furthermore, lifestyle can influence the relationship between factors that affect couples' adjustment. Studying the structural relationships between these factors in reconciling couples' infidelity and exploring lifestyle as a mediating factor can enrich this research area.

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the context of marital adjustment as mediated by lifestyle.

The research method is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population includes all married clients in counseling centers in Tehran during the first six months of 2021. By applying the rule of tens for each measured variable, the sample size was determined to be 247 participants. Multi-stage cluster sampling was selected using the random sampling method. Modified paired adjustment questionnaire, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) and Lifestyle Questionnaire (LSQ) were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed through descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling by maximum likelihood estimation.

The results show that there is a direct relationship between adaptive strategies (p= 0.001, β= 0.47) and non-adaptive strategies (p= 0.004, β= 0.24) and lifestyle. There is an indirect relationship between adaptive strategies (p= 0.012, β= 0.226) and non-adaptive strategies (p= 0.027, β = -0.117) and marital adjustment. The research model is consistent with the collected data (RMSEA= 0.052, CFI= 0.959).

Cognitive emotion regulation and lifestyle are key factors in predicting marital adjustment. Therefore, it is vital to consider how these variables play a part in increasing marital adjustment.

The purpose of this study was to design and characterize the psychometric properties of the scale of tendency towards marital infidelity and qualitative-quantitative method was used. According to the statistical society, three types of multi-stage cluster sampling (randomized) were used in interviews with couples (28 people) (targeted) in interviews with experts (14 people) and clustering in the study of lavage characteristics (528 From secretaries). According to interviews, the three factors of individual, marital and social are factors of tendency toward betrayal. Based on interviews, the initial scale of marital infidelity was 79, and after reviewing the content validity and content, Cronbach's alpha and exploratory factor analysis, the number of questions was 45. The results showed that there are three personal, familial and social factors on the scale. Calculation of Cronbach's alpha coefficient was the basis for the internal consistency of the questionnaire (0.9). The findings indicate that the questionnaire for marital infidelity with 45 phrases and the existence of features such as tool design based on the concept of tendency to betrail from the viewpoint of family specialists and secondary school teachers of Tabriz based on their experiences, the explanation of all forms of marital infidelity, Simplicity, reliability, and validity are a suitable tool for investigating the tendency toward marital infidelity.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness group counseling through group therapy with group cognitive-behavioral therapy on the feeling of loneliness and life expectancy among students suffering from depression disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group and follow-up test. The statistical population consisted of 75 students referred to the counseling center who had depressive disorder, among them 45 who were in addition to their inclusion criteria in the Loneliness Scale of University of California at Los Angeles (1980) and  Beck Depression Inventory (1996) Scale and lower Hope in Miller Hope Scale  (1988) in a randomized design in three groups of 15 each. Allocated. The experimental group received Cognitive-Behavioral group counseling. After completion of the post-test, follow-up test was performed one month later. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of pre-test and post-test in experimental and control groups (P <0.0001). Both treatments were effective and continued until follow-up. Comparison of treatment groups indicates the same effect of group counseling on reducing loneliness and life expectancy. Group counseling in a cognitive-behavioral and cognitive-behavioral way can be an effective psychological treatment to reduce feelings of loneliness and increase the life expectancy of people with depression.