abolmohammad bondori

One of the desirable solutions to overcome environmental challenges is the education and training of academic-educated human resources holding an environmental perspective. Therefore, the aim of the present research was to model the relationship between concerns and environmental attitudes of students at the Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. The statistical population of this study included students enrolled and actively studying at this university during 2022-2023. The sample size of 161 was determined using the Cochran formula, and sampling was done using the proportional stratified-random manner. Findings indicated that 72% of the variance in students' environmental attitudes was predicted by environmental concerns. Moreover, environmental concern variables significantly modeled students' attitudes toward the environment. Therefore, to improve agricultural students’ attitude, influential figures such as pro-environmental academic members and other well-known individuals could hold seminars at universities discussing the importance of environmental conservation. and by delivering speeches at university seminars on promoting respect and environmental conservation. This could potentially shift students' perspectives on the environment, leading to an increased positive attitude towards environmental protection.

Chemical inputs in agriculture are the most important inputs that cause environmental and groundwater pollution. This is why agricultural activities and farmers' behavior can have direct effects on the environment. On this basis, a research study was conducted with the aim of analyzing and investigating the willingness to accept and consume biological inputs among farmers living in the villages of Meidawood sector of Baghmalek County in Khuzestan province using the survey method. The statistical population of the research included all the farmers of this region, among whom a sample size of 302 people was determined based on the Karjesi and Morgan table and by a simple random method (N=1400). The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed based on experts' opinion and its reliability was confirmed by calculating the composite reliability index. Data were analyzed using SPSSv22 and Smart PLS3 software. The results showed that the studied farmers have a relatively favorable willingness towards the consumption of biological inputs. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between farmers' attitude and willingness to accept biological inputs. In addition, the chi-square test between the willingness to consume biological inputs and different age levels of farmers was significant at the 1% level, and the results indicated that younger farmers were less willing to consume these inputs. The greatest willingness was among farmers aged 30 to 40 years.

Rural development is one of the important bases of national development of any country and people's participation in this process is important. Different countries have paid attention to this issue in the form of local governments and by delegating powers and responsibilities. With the approval of the law on the establishment of self-sufficient in the country's villages in 1998, there have been changes in the country's rural management. Since 2004, the villagers have taken charge of the village administration as the new trustees. The goals of this research was to investigate the role of rural assistants in the process of management and development of rural with an emphasis on environmental protection issue. The current research is of applied research type and analytical-descriptive method. The findings showed that the most crucial factors affecting the role of rural assistants in sustainable rural development are economic, cultural and social, environmental and infrastructure variables. Therefore, the village councils, with the participation of the people and the use of the power and talent of women and men in the councils and village councils, pay attention preventing the destruction of pastures, to the protection of forests, monitoring water harvesting.

The relationship between human and nature has become one of the most important topics of the world community because it seems that natural resources are consumed and destroyed by humans faster than the time they need to recover, and due to unethical behavior with nature, many environmental problems have been arisen. Agricultural extension experts play a key role in informing and influencing farmers through education and development efforts. Understanding their attitude, behavior and ethics towards the environment can be effective on their practical strategy behaviors to change the attitude and environmental ethics of people including farmers. Considering the importance of the subject, this research aimed to investigate the environmental ethics of agricultural experts. The current research was carried out as a descriptive-cross-sectional census survey. The statistical population of interest included the agricultural experts worked at Dezful’s Agricultural Jihad Administration in 2023 (N=70). . The data collection instrument was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by consulting with a panel of experts and its reliability was approved by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient, composite reliability, homogeneity composite reliability and average variance extracted. Findings showed that the level of environmental ethics of agricultural experts is at an optimal level in termsof Anthropocentrism, Ecocentrism, and Theocentrism dimensions.The results of the Pearson correlation analysis showed that there were significant relationships between different dimensions of environmental ethics and the variables of use of informational resources and satisfaction of working in agricultural jihad extension and services centers. Also, there is a direct relationship between human-centered and eco-centered ethical dimension with the God-centered ethical dimension of experts.Therefore, the main focus of planners and policymakers on the human-centered and ecological-centered dimension improves the God-centered moral dimension of the studied experts in the field of ecology.

The purpose of this study was use of model of programmed behavior in study of tendency and behavior of potato farmers towards use of integrated pest management.

To get the objective of research descriptive- correlation method and based on structural equation model was used.The statistical population included potato farmers in the central part of Ardabil county (N=3484). The sample size was estimated according Cochran's formula (200) and samples were selected using proportional multi-stage assignment. Data collection tool was a questionnaire consisting of 6 sections and 47 questions, the validity of which was confirmed based on the opinion of faculty members and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha (for different sections from 0.82 to 0.93). Data were analyzed by two software SPSS and Lisrel.

According to results from structural equation analysis variables behavior tendency and control of perceived behavior predicts 82 percent of changes of variable potatos behavior towards integrated pest management.

As there is a significant correlation between behavior tendencies with behavior of potato farmers about integrated pest management it is suggested that scientific visits, demonstration farms, and extension and education classes on integrated pest management increased.

This study aimed to conduct a path analysis of the relationship between environmental awareness, -seeking behavior, and the attitude undertaken by the survey method. The target population consisted of M.Sc. and PhD students of two colleges at Tehran university, including the agriculture and natural resources college and environmental science college in 2017-2018 (N=1342). Using the Cochran formula, the sample size was determined as 150 people, and stratified proportional methods were applied as a sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire whose content validity was confirmed by a panel of experts, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient approved its reliability. The results showed that students had moderate attitudes toward the environment. It was also found that the perspectives of participants were not significantly different regarding gender, place of living, and educational level, but in terms of the college of education, the students of environment college significantly had a more favorable attitude toward the environment. The result of the correlation analysis indicated that attitude toward the environment had a significant relationship with information-seeking behavior and students' environmental awareness. The finding of path analysis showed that two variables of information-seeking behavior and ecological awareness explained 82 percent of attitudes toward the environment. So, increasing people's knowledge and awareness is essential for changing their behavior and participation in environmental protection. Besides, students' most important information resource about the environment was the Internet.

Among different industries in each country, tourism industry is directly related to the environment. Tourism is not a clean and non- destructive industry, so that tourists’ behaviors in addition to positive effects can also have many negative consequences on the environment. The purpose of this study was to analyze factors affecting environmental behavior of tourists in Susan Plain, Izeh county. Statistical population of the study consisted of tourists traveled to Susan Plain during Nowruz Holidays in 2019. The sample size was determined by available sample and they were randomly selected (n=150). The research tool was a questionnaire, which its validity was verified by a panel of academics and its reliability was approved through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were analyzed by SPSS (Ver. 22) and LISREL (Ver. 8.80) software. The results showed that variables of environmental knowledge, attitude, and values had positive and significant correlation with variable of environmental behaviors. Furthermore, according to the results, variables of environmental knowledge, attitude, and values could describe 83% of tourists’ environmental behavior changes. As a recommendation, it is worthwhile to use environmental topics in the textbooks from primary school to university.

Unhygienic disposal of pesticide waste after use on the farm has very dangerous consequences for the environment and agriculture. The purpose of the study was to analysis of factors affecting management behavior of rural wheat producers towards pesticide waste in Qorveh County. Statistical population of the research consisted of irrigated wheat producers (N= 1700). Sample size was determined 170 using the Cochran formula. Cases were selected through random proportional stratified sampling. The main research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by citing Cronbach's alpha, CR and AVE coefficients. The findings of the structural equation model showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between farmers' knowledge and information resources and their attitudes toward the use of chemical pesticides. Besides, knowledge and attitude variables were able to explain 71% of the changes in wheat farmers' managerial behavior towards pesticide wastes.

Organic agriculture is one of the most important agricultural systems that is quickly developing throughout the world. The main cause of attention towards organic agriculture is necessity of production of healthy agricultural products and free from chemicals. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the attitude of Ardabil province's farmsteads towards organic agriculture . The research method is descriptive and survey. The statistical population consisted of all the petty farmers in Ardabil city. (6380) The sample size was determined by multi-stage sampling method and using Cochran's formula for 230 people. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to determine the reliability of the index (AVE), which was at least 0.50 calculated. To determine the reliability of the combination method (CR), the minimum value was calculated to be 0.91 and the alpha value of 0.88 for the research tool was also indicative of its reliability. The findings showed that the majority of farmers had a relatively positive attitude toward organic farming. the results of structural equation modeling showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between knowledge and information sources with the attitude of the apple cultivars towards organic cultivation.

Today, the use of chemical pesticides in the world is considered to be the most effective, fastest and cheapest pest control method. Although, chemical pesticides are essential components of modern agriculture, it is also considered one of the most important sources of environmental pollution and its exposure is one of the most common and serious health-safety hazards faced by farmers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the health-safety behavior on the use of chemical pesticides among farmers of Moghan plain. The statistical population of this study was farmers of water crops in Bilesavar, Parsabad, Germi counties in the years of 2017-2018 (N = 9996). The sample size was determined by multi-stage sampling method and using Kerjesi and Morgan table (1970), (n= 400). The content validity of the research tool was confirmed by panel of faculty members and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. According to the findings, the attitude of the majority of farmers (34%) was relatively positive on the use of chemical pesticides. Also, farmers with a job satisfaction from agriculture, lacking a second job and higher education, had higher health- safety behaviors than using chemical pesticides. Based on the results of the structural equation model, variables of knowledge (the most important variable), attitude and experience of poisoning by chemical pesticides have predicted 88 percent of the changes affecting the health effects of farmers on the use of pesticides.

the main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of evaluation of major on academic satisfaction and mediating role of academic motivation, among agricultural students. The statistical population of study consisted of all undergraduate students in 2016-2017 academic years, in the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili (N=740). In This causal-correlation study according to Cochran formula, sample size obtained 275 people (n= 275) which were accessed through random stratified sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire consisted of 3 sections of evaluation of major, academic satisfaction and Academic Motivation Scale (Vallerand, 1992). Construct validity and composite reliability of the research instrument were tested by estimating the measurement model and sustained after making necessary corrections. The data were processed using SPSSwin20 and LISREL, then analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings revealed that among the academic achievement (GPA) with academic satisfaction, academic motivation and field of study evaluation, there was a significant positive correlation among students. Structural equation modeling results showed the effect of evaluation of major on students’ academic satisfaction, 64% (directly); and by effectiveness of academic motivation (mediator variable) in the model (25%) was confirmed. Among the indicators of student's evaluation about field and academic satisfaction of field, respectively, the amount of importance to field in society (coefficient of determination: 0.3041) and tend to be employed (as main job) in field of study (coefficient of determination: 0.2601), accounted the major parts in study model.