adel hosseinjani

The migration of fish to the sea requires the ability of osmoregulation to exposure to salinity, and changes in the structure and function of many organs, including the kidney, are involved in the developing this process. In this study, quantitative and qualitative changes in the kidney tissue of Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii) fingerlings exposed to water salinity in the coastal and estuarine areas of the Caspian Sea were investigated. Three weighing groups 0.5, 1, and 1.5g were treated for 10 days in the three natural environments of the river (freshwater), the estuary (6-7‰), and the coast of the Caspian Sea (11-12‰) in the Kiasher beach area. At the beginning (0h) and end of the experiment (240h), 6 individuals from each weight group in each treatment were caught. After dissecting and separating the kidney tissue, the area and diameter of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule were measured. The results showed that at the end of the experiment, the size of the kidney tissue indices significantly decreased (P<0.05) with the increase in salinity in all treatments. So that, the extent of this decrease in 1 and 1.5g weight groups was significantly more than the 0.5g group (P<0.05). Qualitative changes, including a decrease in the width of the proximal and distal convoluted tubule after exposure to salinity, were observed in all weight groups. The decrease in the size of the glomerulus in the estuary and coastal environments can be because constant drinking of water in these environments causes enough ions to be provided to the body and there is no need for large glomeruli for filtration. In the present research, two weights of 1 and 1.5g can compromise with the conditions of increased salinity of the environment when released and placed in the estuary and coastal environments of the Caspian Sea.

Breeding and production of fish in sea cages is one of the most common methods of commercial production of aquatic animals in the world. It is possible to develop aquaculture in the Caspian Sea by fully respecting the biotic, abiotic, social, and economic conditions, as well as the environment, with regard to sustainable development. Breeding fish in cages is very important from an economic point of view, and determining the challenges and obstacles before investment in order to reduce the investment risk plays a fundamental role in it. The purpose of this article is to investigate the economic challenges of cage culture development on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea using a combination of SWOT and FAHP analysis and then determine strategic priorities based on the Quantitative Strategy Planning Matrix (QSPM). In order to meet the challenges and also formulate strategies, the SWOT analytical model was used, and the opinions of 30 fisheries experts were obtained through face-to-face interviews and completing questionnaires in 2020-2021. According to the final score obtained, opportunity factors got 2.89 points, and threat factors got 3.54 points. As a result, the threat points prevail over the opportunities, and it shows that the current situation of this activity requires strategies in the field of adopting solutions to reduce threats. According to the total scores of the obtained matrix, the score of external factors indicates the need to formulate a defensive strategy in order to reduce the minimum risk of investment. According to the SWOT analysis, the strategies with the highest score are "development of standards and criteria and locating suitable areas for cage fish breeding sites," "allocating low interest loans and encouraging investors in order to facilitate investment," and "sustainable development in order to prevent Changing the use of valuable agricultural land" and "attention to export, introduction, and cultivation of species with global marketability" were presented in order to solve the existing challenges and suggestions to make the fish farming industry in the Iranian regions of the Caspian Sea.

In order to evaluate the possibility of common carp culture, Cyprinus carpio, in cages located in the Caspian Sea, 700 common carp with an average weight of 50±10 gr were introduced in two floating cages (each cage contains 350 fish) in Anzali Free Zone. The fish were fed daily based on the fish biomass on two occasions using extruded pellet food. After 2 months of introduction of fry, the loss of 2-3 fish per day started. The biometrics also showed that the fish just reached to average weight 85.64±12.07 and do not grow properly. In order to identify the reasons for the lack of proper growth and gradual death of fish, sampling was done to investigate the bacterial pathogens and the pathological condition of the gill tissue. By bacterial tests Aeromonas hydrophila from internal organs including liver and spleen and Pseudomonas sp. was isolated from the gills of investigated fish. The pathological examination of gill tissue also showed extensive histopathological effects such as bleeding, hyperplasia of the epithelium, twisting and adhesion of the secondary blades, destruction of the pillar apparatus and gill chloride cells, etc. Probably, some of these injuries are the result of infection with bacteria and others are the result of environmental conditions, especially the relatively high salinity of seawater. At the end of four months of rearing, the fish survival rate was about 30% and the average final weight was 350 ± 150 gr. In general, the biological characteristics of common carp showed that although this fish is able to tolerate salinity to some extent and sometimes can be seen in the composition of sea catch, it is basically considered a freshwater fish and its cultivation in floating cages in the Caspian Sea where salinity varies between 7-13 ppt is not reasonable and economic and it is not recommended.

It is very important and necessary to choose the appropriate cold water fish species and check their growth performance in cage fish farming in the Caspian Sea. The results showed that the rainbow trout in Kiashahr region reached an average of 98.3±19.8 to 1149.8±203.5 grams in a period of 4.5 months. Also, although the breeding of salmon from the initial weight of about 100 grams was suitable, but considering the temperature limits for this fish in the Caspian Sea, the introduction of higher weights can reduce the length of the breeding period. Caspian Sea salmon reached in Jaffroud region from the average weight of 120.14±1.98 to 632.5±82.08 grams in a period of 4.5 months from January to May, and in Anzali free zone from 212.7 ± 15.28 to 508.81 ± 76.54 grams in a period of 2 months from January to March in floating cages, which shows the favorable growth of this fish in this region.

The restoration program of Caspian kutum (Mahi Sefid) stocks was carried out by the Iranian Fisheries Organization about four decades ago, following its catch reduction in the early of the last century. Despite releasing about 150 million juveniles annually, the catch has always fluctuated and the average catch has never exceeded 10,000 tons. In addition, expected diversity and biomarkers in newly released stocks, such as length and weight, and growth and reproduction indices have also declined. In the present study, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the program for breeding and release of Mahi Sefid in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea have been investigated using the SWOT-FAHP method. The results show that although strengths outweigh weaknesses that the biological, social and economic values of Caspian kutum and the existence of specialized hatcheries with the presence of experienced experts are the most important strengths. In contrast, the threat points outweigh opportunities, and in general it can be acknowledged that this situation requires strategies to reduce threats. Therefore, strategies to improve the process of rebuilding Caspian kutum stocks were developed and prioritized by the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), which among the identified strategies, contingent (conservative) strategies have the highest score, and accordingly, providing and strengthening breeding infrastructure, especially Natural reproduction in migratory rivers, participation of non-governmental organizations in the protection of local rivers, use of equipment of hatcheries and reconstruction of reserves and updating of worn-out equipment in order to continue the process of artificial reproduction due to pollution and destructive factors in some Rivers, gene bank formation, implementation of breeding program and application of research results on the time frame of fishing and standardization of fishing equipment, scored the most points among contingency strategies.

Research on the Swan Mussel (Anodonta cygnea) population distribution and biometrics were conducted during 2015. Individuals sampling were carried out monthly from 14 stations. Length, width and height of shells was measured with using of a slide caliper to an accuracy and 0.01 mm and age of swan mussels were examined by counting annual growth on the shell surface. The highest and lowest frequency belonged to Bahambar station with 33% and Sheijan station with 8% respectively. The distribution of these shellfish is Central area and western parts of Anzali wetland. The age of shells was from 2 to 9 classes and 5 to 7 years old individuals dominated. The highest and lowest average of weight and length were calculated for Hendekhaleh station (W= 203.34 gr and L= 13.45 cm) and Bahambar station (W= 78.83 gr and L= 8.63 cm) respectively. Using Fisat ll program and based on Schiffre's method, L∞ = 13.65 cm and the growth coefficient factor 0.48 was calculated. The natural mortality coefficient was 1.154. Most recruitment (smaller in size) are observed in the months of September and early October. This indicates the existence of young reserves of reproduction and the addition of a new generation to the population. The existing reserves in Mahrooz to Bahmbar, which was the habitat of younger oysters, can be used for breeding programs of this species and preserving its stock.

In recent years, cage aquaculture has been introduced as modern technology in the world. Although the use of cages for fish’s holding and transporting for short periods can return two centuries ago in Asian, commercial cage aquaculture was pioneered in Norway in the 1970s and 1980s. Today, due to population growth, climate change and more attention to the productivity of water use in the aquaculture, The focus has been on dense systems. The presence of various water sources such as lakes, reservoirs, rivers and coastal, The use of cage technologies can contribute to aquaculture development. According to FAO's 2016 statistic, cage aquaculture accounts for 35% of the world's total aquaculture production. Also according to Iranian fishery organization statistics in 1395, cage aquaculture production was 10162 tons Equal to 2.2 percent of the total aquaculture production in Iran. The success and development of cage aquaculture depends on several factors. To develop sustainable, industries need to recognize the challenge, the advantages and disadvantages. The marketing, increasing private sector investment and government supervision are challenges that need to be considered in the cage aquaculture development.

The western region of Anzali wetland (Abkenar) is located in Guilan province in Iran. This area is between the 37o 49'-37o 51' north latitude and 49o 25'-49o 27' east longitude. Abkenar wetland is importance in the region due to its special position, such as the fishing of native marginalists. Survey of regional ecological characteristics and aquatic plants distribution contributes to the water ecosystems, conservation and sustainable use of their potential. Flora of this region includes 14 plant species which belong to 11 families. The largest families are Potamogenaceae (2 species), Thyphaceae (2 species). Phragmites auastralis is the most abundant species in the western region of the Anzali Wetland. The result showed that according to the classification Raunkiaer system (Raunkiaer, 1934) there were 21/42% Therophytes, 35/71% and 42/8% Holophytes. Also, Investigation on chorology of plant species showed that 57/14 Cosmopolitan, 21/42 Plurinational, 7/14 European-Siberian-Mediterranean and 7/14% Irano_Touranian in The western region of Anzali wetland.

In recent years, Aquaculture has an important role to play in The production of animal proteins, employment, and poverty reduction, especially in rural areas. Water supply as a limiting factor in developing countries. Therefore, Multipurpose use of water resources, including, Water use at integrated aquaculture-agriculture farms is a Strategies for Sustainable Development in the world. The aims of this study were to evaluate the optimal utilization of the water reservoir for the development of Rural Aquaculture at Khaneghah Village in Zanjan province. The methodology of research used in this study basically includes a literature survey, Hydrochemical sampled and analyses by standard methods and verification by statistical techniques. Water quality characteristics (physical, chemical) were studied in a water reservoir with approximately 3 hectares. The results showed that the Physical and chemical parameters of the water reservoir were appropriate for the cold and warm water aquaculture. The temperature and climate were the limiting factors for aquaculture activity in the region. Therefore, the water reservoir is more suitable for warm water aquaculture (for First Half of the year). Because the aquaculture production time is short in this area, also its climate is semi-arid. To weight of the carp (up to fingerling) recommended for the water reservoir because it has the lowest cost and can be impacted in Improving Livelihood of Farmers.

In recent decades, the reproduction and production of Coldwater fish investment has been increasing in Iran. One of the most important concerns in the fisheries management is the determining of suitable areas for sustainable development. The aim of this study was about the zoning suitable areas for construction Coldwater fish sites in Chelevand’s River by using a combination of hierarchical process analysis and geographic information system. In this study, the main criteria for Coldwater fish’s suitable areas including biological, socioeconomic and ecological criteria’s identified and used available resources and fisheries experts for criteria’s standards. Then criteria’s evaluated and weighed by fisheries experts in 36 questionnaires. Then questionnaires analyzed by AHP method and paired comparison and also, criteria’s weighted, standardization of maps and overlapped in the ARCGIS 9.3 software. The results showed that water quality, Safe activity and hydrology with 0.135, 0.125 and 0.123, respectively were the most important criteria’s. The study identified 47% of Choland River Marginal lands in Guilan province is the most suitable for construction Coldwater fish sites, which has the potential for planning for aquaculture development in this area.

The advancement of modern technology and its many uses in the environment, especially the aquatic ecosystem, has caused, in addition to humans, other organisms, especially fish, to be affected by its margins, including the effects of electromagnetic waves emitted by them. Therefore, attention to the effects of these waves on fish as the most important inhabitants of aquatic environments is necessary with economic aspects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mobile electromagnetic waves (900 MHz) on gonadal and liver weights, GTH II and ovarian tissue structure of angel fish female brooders during 10 days and in 3 experimental groups including: 1) control (without receiving Waves), 2) 4 times a day and each time for 30 minutes in faced with mobile phones in a standby position, and 3) 4 times a day and each time for 30 minutes in faced with mobile phones in a calling mode. At the end of the test after blood sampling, centrifugation and serum separation, GTH II was measured by radio immunoassay (RIA). The broods were then biometrically analyzed and scattered. The histological section of ovaries were prepared by the classical method of histology with hematoxylin-eosin staining, and microscopically evaluated for quantitative and qualitative examination. The gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic index as well as the mean level of GTH II in treatment group 2 was significantly higher than control group and treatment 1. No brooders of treatment 2 spawned. The number of atresia in treatment 2 was higher than that of other groups. The results showed that mobile-induced electromagnetic waves produced significant changes in the reproductive indices of female angel fish. However, more extensive studies are needed in the future.

Ornamental fish farming has been as a matter of priority production activities and it has followed a growing trend in recent years. Based on last studies in the world estimated that there are about100 million interests Aquarium fish. In order, FAO reports international trade ornamental fish since 1985 annual growth rate of 14 percent (FAO, 1999).The economic value of the ornamental fish market in the world, estimated to be several billion dollars annually(Watson & Moreau,2006). Iran annually produces 200 million pieces of ornamental fish and about 11 million pieces of ornamental fish has imported from the biggest producer of ornamental fish in the world on South-east Asian countries such as Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore last year (Rahmany, 2015). There are 300 species of 1500 species of global ornamental fish as native in Iran country that we could propagation more than 80 species of 300 species now. If the condition of production ornamental fish to be prepared in Iran, we could become simply to a serious competitor for global ornamental fish production (Rahmany, 2015). Ornamental fish production does in the big farm with high products and too in the small farm by the family operating system but all of them to need individual and special requirements that taking them can create new opportunities for employment. To achieve this noble objective should be provided activity and sustainable jobs. On the other attention to ornamental fish, production could be the as expanding trend in the popular hobby. So that we can organize this section and compilation created between ornamental fish production units and entertainment units in a complex by propose of the development of hobby area in each region. Manufacturing and Entertainment Ornamental Fish Complex of Mahallat city design and study by propose of to create a model complex site for production of ornamental fish and hobby area for people and in the second proposed for to aggregation of Ornamental Fish Farming Units In Mahllat City on Markazi Province of Iran.