ahad olyaei

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonoses protozoan parasite that causes toxoplasmosis. This parasite causes severe economic losses in the sheep industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of the live attenuated vaccine with different adjuvants in sheep. 20 two-month-old pregnant Iranian Qashqaeian serum-negative sheep for Toxoplasma gondii were randomly divided into five groups of four. Group one injected with media and served as control. Three experimental groups were immunized subcutaneously with 1 ml of 25 ×106 inactivate tachyzoites formulated with Montanide, alum, and chitosan, respectively. Last group was inoculated with live attenuated tachyzoite with the same dose. Immunization was performed once. After 21 days, blood samples were collected for ELISA test to evaluate the humoral and cellular immune response. The highest antibody titer was obtained in the group immunized with montanide adjuvant, which was significantly different from other groups (P <0.05). However, the highest cellular immunity according to gamma interferon measurements was related to live attenuated vaccine which was significantly different from other groups, followed by chitosan or aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. It should b notice that all immunized groups had a significant difference with the control group (P <0.05). According to the successful immune response in the live attenuated vaccine, we concluded that this strain can be used for immunization of sheep as the target host and use in higher numbers of sheeps.

The protozoan Neospora caninum is known worldwide as one of the most important causes of abortion storms in cattles, especially when dogs living in the cattle farms. Currently, the most consideration is on live attenuated vaccines. The main goal of this research is to evaluated live-attenuated Neuspora caninum (NC-a) strain as an effective vaccine to prevent oocyst shedding in dogs. Sixteen dogs were randomly divided into four equal groups including live attenuated strain without adjuvant, acute strains, live attenuated strain with Montanide adjuvant and control group. All the groups were immunized twice, two weeks apart. One month after the second injection, all dogs were challenged orally by acute NC-1 strain. Immune responses were assay by agglutination test and molecular test was used to assess oocyte shedding. The results showed that the immunized group with live attenuated strain with adjuvant produces the highest immune response. Molecular test also showed that the immune response in immunized dogs prevented oocyst shedding after challenge and the best result is in the group of dogs immunized by live attenuated strain with adjuvant. Overall, the results of this study showed that research on the live attenuated Neospora caninum vaccine with oily adjuvants in dogs is secure and effective in creating an immune response and controlling oocyte shedding. In conclusion, this experimental vaccine can be used as a promosing vaccine in towards researches to obtain a succesful vaccine to control neosprosis in dogs.

Background &

Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite which definitive hosts, Felid and cats, play a critical role in transmission and distribution of the parasite and their immunization is a proper way to control the infection. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the                       immunogenicity of Toxoplasma gondii attenuated isolate produced in Razi Institute branch of    Shiraz in catsMaterials &

Twelve male DSH (Domestic short hair) kittens aged 3-6 months were  randomly divided into three groups; each contains four cats. The First group received tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii attenuated isolate at a dose of 10×106 by injection, the second group         received a dose of 25×106 orally and the last group received culture medium as a control. The  humoral immune responses and Cellular immunity evaluated by modified agglutination and skin test. One month after immunization, all cats were challenged by Toxoplasma's PRU strain, after which the cats' feces were collected and molecular tests were performed for five days.

The results of modified agglutination and skin test showed that administration of oral and injection vaccine had a significant increase in comparison with control. Also, Molecular testing after challenge revealed that immunization of cats by oral and injection way of Toxoplasma gondii attenuated isolate could successfully prohibit oocysts shedding in cats.

In order to the significant immune responses and prevention of oocysts shedding, it is suggested that, using this isolation of Toxoplasma gondii as a possible candidate vaccine for cats in future studies.

In order to investigate the incidence of macroscopic Ectoparasites of free-range domestic chickens and pigeons in Qom province, 300 free-range domestic chickens and 300 pigeons from Central district, Salafchegan, Jafariyeh, Kahak, and Khalajastan were randomly selected and studied from December 2016 to September 2017. 200 poultry were selected from Central district, and 100 ones from each of the other districts under study were put under careful investigation. Of the 300 domestic chickens, 202 (67.33%) were infected and 98 (32.67%) were free of external parasites. Moreover, out of 300 pigeons, 218 (72.66%) were found to be infected, while 82 (27.34%) were free of external parasite infection. The highest infection percentage of domestic chickens and pigeons in Salafchegan district were 90% and 84%, respectively, and the lowest percentage of domestic chickens infection was observed in Central district as 43% and the lowest infection rate was reported in Jafariye as 66% . As the findings revealed, in each district, the highest contamination was observed in Salafchegan (87%) and the lowest was related to the Central district (44%). The genus and species of parasites isolated from domestic chickens were Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus, Goniodes dissimilis, Lipeurus caponis, and Cuclotogaster heterographus. Argas persicus, a fowl tick, was also isolated from domestic chickens. The fly larvae were also found and isolated in several nests. The highest contamination was related to Menopon gallinae (69%), and the least was Goniodes dissimilis (5%). In addition, Menopon gallinae, Lipeurus caponis, and Menacanthus stramineus and Argas persicus (a small soft-bodied tick), were isolated from the pigeons under study. The highest infection was found to be Menopen (53%) and the lowest was related to Menacanthus (14%).

One of the problems in midwifery is labor induction in the cases which the termination of pregnancy is necessary. Thus، the methods for cervical ripening and labor induction have always been taken into consideration. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intramuscular dexamethasone on onset of labor in postdate pregnancy. This single-blind، randomized clinical trial study was performed on 100 nulliparous women who referred to Amir Al Momenin hospital in Ahvaz. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Single dose of intramuscular dexamethasone (8 mg) was administered to the study group 12 h before induction. The controls were given 2 cc of normal saline at the same interval. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age، demographic characteristics، initial Bishop score، first and fifth minute Apgar score، and meconium. After the injection، Bishop score in the study group was 7/23 ± 1/32 and in the control group، it was 2/98 ± 0/89. Thus، the difference was significant (P<0. 0001). The mean interval between induction with the onset of the active phase was 3/1±0. 68 hours in the study group، whereas in the control group 4/2±1/3 hours was observed (P=0. 001). The results of this study showed that intramuscular dexamethasone by improving Bishop score causes the onset of labor pains resulting in decrease of labor duration in postdate pregnancies.