ahmad ebrahimi

This research aims to investigate the effective factors in predicting lead time (LT) and create a predictive model of LT to improve sustainability and resilience for Kanban orders in the lean supply chain (LSC). The study follows the data mining (DM) method, and the dataset includes 103023 observations from the Kanban system, which were extracted in compliance with the requirements of the dataset quality indicators in the period 1402/6 to 1402/11. First, indicators affecting the LT of orders were extracted. Process mining was used to identify influential variables in high-variance processes to improve performance and accuracy. A stepwise analysis approach was used to select features for the model fitting stage. Also, tuning the parameters of non-parametric approaches was used. The predictive model uses Multiple Linear Regression, Multiple with curvature, Lasso, Elastic Net, Boosted Decision Tree, Bootstrap Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Boosted MultiLayer Perceptron. The performance of the fitted regression models has been confirmed using R^2, RASE, and validation of the results and model. The results showed that the logistical features are effective in LT, and the Boosted Multi-Layer Perceptron is the best for predicting orders' LT with an accuracy of 96% and an error of 5.84. Using the model's predictive capability for new data in the Kanban system, the results obtained within four months have been used. The improvements from using DM capabilities in the Kanban system all express the significant impact of combining lean and machine learning (ML) tools to empower and resilient Lean Supply Chain Management (LSCM).

The joy and excitement that sports bring to fans worldwide, together with the principles of fairness and sportsmanship, requires that the results of sporting events should remain unpredictable and be determined solely based on the skill and will of the athletes, free from any interference by corrupt entities. The pervasive issue of match-fixing stands out as a significant threat, undermining the very essence of unpredictability in sports results. Now considered as a modern symbol of corruption in the field of sports, match-fixing has evolved into a transnational and cross-border problem as it is associated with gambling, sports betting, and international organized crime. The commercialization of sports, together with the influx of substantial financial resources and wide media coverage, has increased the significance of sports results for both legal and illegal financial companies (Primorac & Pilić, 2020). Consequently, no sport or sports stakeholder remains immune to the consequences of manipulation of results. A report released by Sportradar shows a concerning trend in 2022, revealing the identification of 1212 suspected cases of match-fixing across 12 sports and 92 countries (Sportradar, 2023). In light of this alarming scenario, there is an urgent need to address match-fixing thoroughly by relying on the collective efforts and cooperation of all stakeholders in the field of sports.

A dominant theme in the mainstream literature on match-fixing is the relation between match-fixing and international organized crime, gambling, and legal and illegal betting platforms (e.g., Tweedie & Holden, 2022). There are also case studies focused on specific countries (e.g., Hessert & Goh, 2022). Therefore, the proposed conclusions often advocate for the adoption of criminal laws and regulations within national legal frameworks to address match-fixing (Smith, 2023). Concerning the related literature in Persian, there are a few studies within the sports law. These works predominantly dealt with match-fixing within the scope of domestic law rather than international law or specific sports fields (e.g., Sadati-Fallahabadi, 2021). The studies also offered non-legal solutions (e.g., Mallaei & Afroozeh, 2021), or addressed the topic from the perspective of sports management and preventive strategies, proposing solutions such as education and the increased awareness to combat match-fixing (see Cheragh-Birjandi et al., 2020). The present study stands out by attempting to identify and analyze the legal nature of match-fixing as both a national and a transnational issue. By focusing on the structures of international sports law (e.g., the Court of Arbitration for Sport), this research aimed to provide a more accurate and nuanced assessment of regulations and the guarantees of their implementation, thus laying the groundwork for effectively confronting and addressing the issue of match-fixing.

The current study used a descriptive–analytical method to examine match-fixing, framing the topic within the international sports law and delving into both national and transnational dimensions.

According to the Macolin Convention (Council of Europe, 2014), match-fixing involves a multifaceted process with multiple actors that occurs due to sports-related motives—regardless of financial elements—or due to the motives of betting, gambling, or corruption. An analysis of match-fixing in international documents, such as the UN Conventions against Corruption and Transnational Organized Crime, reveals that while these conventions have established a significant international legal framework for corruption-relatedcrimes, they are applicable only when match-fixing is associated with offenses like bribery and organized crime. Moreover, even the Macolin Convention, specifically addressing match-fixing, has not yet achieved global recognition and serves only as the viable option to address the issue (Chappelet, 2015).Prominent bodies in international sports law, such as the International Olympic Committee and the Court of Arbitration for Sport, have dedicated special attention to the issue of match-fixing. The International Olympic Committee has implemented numerous rules and regulations for preventing, educating, monitoring, and combating match-fixing, as outlined in the Olympic Charter. Following the measures of the International Olympic Committee, international sports organizations have taken significant measures in recent years to combat match-fixing. These efforts generally manifest as ethical and behavioral guidelines, information systems, early warning systems, integrity units, and educational programs (see Criminal Law Provisions for the Prosecution of Competition Manipulation: UNODC-IOC Study, 2016). The jurisprudence of the Court of Arbitration for Sport indicates the development of ratione materiae and personal jurisdiction in addressing match-fixing cases in recent years. To deal with match-fixing cases, the Court adopts a zero-tolerance approach, observing legal principles such as the legality of punishment, proportionality, non-interference, and the prohibition of double trial.

An examination of the performance of various international sports institutions reveals that, from the perspective of international sportslaw, match-fixing is inherently of a disciplinary nature and is treated as a violation of disciplinary standards. In essence, greater emphasis is placed on addressing match-fixing instances driven primarily by sports motives, be they financial or non-financial. This approach avoids associating stakeholders with other criminal activities.Concerning Iran’s sports law, it is suggested that the shortcomings in the federation regulations be amended by providing a precise and consistent definition of match-fixing, making clear the instances of match-fixing, and developing ratione materiae and personal jurisdiction within the federations. To improve the prosecution process, a series of measures can also be taken, such as establishing a universal standard of proof for proving match-fixing violations, broadening the range of acceptable evidence, and adopting a coherent two-step procedure involving disciplinary and criminal proceedings (with due consideration of legal conditions)—akin to the model observed in UEFA.Furthermore, the research highlighted notable gaps in international sports law, despite the efforts to establish a suitable international legal framework by the UN, the International Olympic Committee, and the Court of Arbitration for Sport. First, UN conventions, as globally accepted documents, do not specifically address the issue of match-fixing. Second, other declaration documents fall short of covering all forms of match-fixing. Even the Macolin Convention has yet to achieve universal acceptance. Third, the Court of Arbitration for Sport possesses limited executive power and holds a secondary responsibility in this regard. Therefore, it is suggested that the issue of match-fixing be explicitly introduced into international conventions in order to provide a rigorous legal framework for addressing it.

Based on the competition and product variety in the automotive industry, auto makers require to achieve capability to respond properly to customers and their competitors. The special position of after-sales service in automotive industry and also maintain the existing customers and attract the new ones, makes the prediction and measurement of customer satisfaction as a must in this industry.

In this paper, using prediction approach in futures studies, has made us firstly to identify the influential factors on customer satisfaction. Then the customer satisfaction level has been predicted and analyzed in after-sales service of dealers in an automotive manufacturer.

The statistical population includes the dealers of Saipayadak Co. The statistical sample includes 14486 of after-sales service dealers in the period of April 2017 to June 2017. Independent variables, after extracting through literature review, were finalized using brainstorming and fishbone diagrams. Statistical analysis and prediction was performed using stepwise regression method with coding in RStudio software.

By using data mining method, the customer satisfaction score in after-sales service of dealers in Saipayadak Co. has been predicted with 80% accuracy.

By knowing the customer satisfaction level, auto makers can define quality improvement projects and move toward to competitiveness desirably.

The current research has considered the design of the four-level supply chain of perishable goods, including manufacturing factories, distribution centers, wholesalers, and retailers, in conditions of uncertainty in important parameters. The aim is to make strategic and tactical decisions, including the location, number, and size of distribution centers and wholesalers, stock levels in stocking centers, determining the flow of goods between facilities at different supply chain levels, and choosing the type of means of transporting goods between facilities. This is achieved through a three-objective mathematical model. The goals include minimizing the expected total cost in the supply chain, achieving the shortest travel time of goods in the chain, and at the same time minimizing the amount of deviation from customer demand. The presented model tries to pay attention to environmental uncertainty and consider different operational scenarios, as well as the possible approach in important parameters. This takes into account the product life cycle, the different rate of spoilage of the goods in different storage facilities, the different capacity of the facilities in different scenarios, and considering different methods of product transportation with different rates of product spoilage. All of this aims to cover the lack of previous research in the field of perishable goods supply chain design. Considering the multi-objective nature of the model and the need to create flexibility in decision-making for decision-makers, this research uses Normal Boundary Intersection (NBI), which allows decision-makers to choose the most optimal solution according to the importance of different goals. GAMS 24 software and MILP solver were used to solve the mathematical model.

Aim:

 The aim of the present study was to identify and explain the prerequisites of a problem-based teaching-learning strategy tailored to the generational characteristics of undergraduate students of educational sciences and social sciences. The research design is exploratory mixed-methods. Grounded theory was used for the qualitative phase, and descriptive survey was used for the quantitative phase. The statistical population in the qualitative phase included experts in the two fields of educational and social sciences, and that of the quantitative phase consisted of professors and undergraduate students from the two faculties of educational sciences and social sciences at Tehran University and Isfahan University. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews in the qualitative phase, and through a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative phase. Based on the findings, “integrating lesson concepts with real-life issues” topped the eight major prerequisites identified. Hence, currently students’ academic motivation and scientific development depends on the application of these components. Therefore, it is suggested that professors use the said methods in order to make the best use of educational opportunities.

Suitability of teaching-learning strategies with the generational characteristics of the audience is one of the most important components in their effectiveness. The purpose of this research was to explore and explain teaching-learning strategies proportioning to the generational characteristics of undergraduate students studying in the academic year of 2020-2021. This study was conducted with a qualitative approach, content analysis method and through semi-structured interviews with experts. The statistical population consisted of educational sciences and sociology experts in Iranian higher education and the sample selection was purposive and snowball with 40 experts in the field of research from educational sciences and social sciences colleges of Isfahan and Tehran universities in the academic year 2020-2021. By structural and interpretive analysis of data through the three-step process of extracting the semantic units, sub-themes and main themes, teaching-learning strategies proportioning to the generational characteristics of today's undergraduate students including seven e-learning, self-directed, project-based, collaborative, dialogue-based, problem-solving, and synectics strategies, was identified. Based on this study, it can be concluded, the success of lecturers in teaching-learning effectively of today's generation of undergraduate students requires the application of these strategies in combination and according to the situation and conditions.

Recently, data has become a valuable asset in organizations, and data governance has become one of the priorities of organizations. The review of previous studies shows that the evaluation of the establishment of data governance in organizations is carried out qualitatively, and organizations cannot implement their organizational data governance architecture and model based on a written and specific plan. The purpose of this research is to provide a quantitative method to measure the level of data governance in an organization and subsequently plan to improve the existing situation. Due to the qualitative nature of influencing factors in measuring the level of establishment, fuzzy concepts have been used for modeling and analysis. This survey was conducted using a questionnaire tool among 13 experts in the field of information technology and people familiar with this field, using the fuzzy Delphi method, in which the triangular fuzzy number (L, M, U) was used in this research, and the experts gave their opinions. In the form of fuzzy variables, expression and evaluation were carried out in two stages, and the average of the first stage was equal to 0.15.49 and the second stage was equal to 0.15.52, with a difference of 0.03%, and the results show that there is a significant and positive relationship between the components and The indicators of the establishment of data governance are, at the end, a technical model is presented based on this for the establishment of police organizational data governance

Adaptation of teaching methods to the characteristics and generational insights of learners is one of the important principles in effective teaching-learning. Today, the use of active teaching-learning approaches, including participatory strategies, is expanding. Certainly, the application of a participatory teaching-learning approach tailored to the needs, desires, and skills of students leads to the creation of numerous and diverse learning opportunities for students. In contrast, the assignment of academic activities which do not correspond to the generational characteristics of students reduces their motivation and results in academic failure. Therefore, identifying the requirements of participatory teaching-learning for today’s generation of students is one of the most important issues in higher education. The aim of the present study was to explore and identify such factors involved in the participatory teaching-learning process based on the needs, interests, and skills of BA students. In this regard, the present study sought to answer the following questions. Research Questions 1- From experts’ opinion, what are the most important requirements of a participatory teaching-learning approach tailored to the needs, interests, and skills of today’s undergraduate students? 2- From the faculty members’ point of view, how appropriate is each of the requirements of participatory teaching-learning to the needs, interests, and skills of undergraduate students? 3- From the perspective of undergraduate students, how appropriate is each of the requirements of participatory teaching-learning to their needs, interests, and skills?

This study used an exploratory sequential mixed method design. The research method was content analysis in the qualitative part and descriptive survey in the quantitative part. The participants in the qualitative phase included experts in the two fields of educational and social sciences. Targeted snowball sampling continued with 31 participants until data saturation was reached. The statistical population of the quantitative phase consisted of professors and BA students from the two faculties of educational sciences and social sciences at the University of Tehran and the University of Isfahan. A sample of 121 professors and 349 students was selected using Cochran’s formula with the quota sampling method, proportional to population size (optimal allocation). In the qualitative part, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data while in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire, developed based on the indicators extracted from the analysis of the interviews in the qualitative part, was used to collect quantitative data. Eight experts confirmed the content validity of the questionnaire and interview questions. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed, with a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.93. In addition, the four criteria of credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability were used to enhance the rigor of the qualitative data. Thematic analysis (interpretive structure modeling) was used to analyze qualitative findings. In the quantitative phase, descriptive-inferential statistics in SPSS (version 25) were used for data analysis. Results According to the research findings, the most important requirements of the participatory teaching-learning that met the characteristics of today’s BA students were as follows: using group lesson activities, forming virtual science groups, adjusting the class layout in a face-to-face format, grouping students based on scientific support, grouping students based on talent diversity, encouraging scientific competition with a focus on its collective benefit, and, finally, encouraging group success.

In this study, the generational characteristics of today’s students, along with other contextual factors, were considered in determining the requirements of participatory teaching-learning. University instructors can benefit from the results of this study. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the application of these requirements can increase students’ academic motivation and their scientific growth. Satisfying the requirements of participatory teaching-learning and other active and effective teaching-learning methods can foster learning. Thus, it is recommended that universities provide the necessary platforms to unlock the full potential of participatory learning. Furthermore, it is hoped that universities hold training courses and workshops to acquaint instructors and students with the skills required to benefit from this educational approach and encourage instructors to employ this method. To maximize the benefits of this educational participatory approach, instructors should define learning activities in a way that enhances group participation in real and virtual spaces and adjust the placement of students in the classroom in a way that facilitates face-to-face discussion. Finally, it is suggested that instructors encourage students to provide their peers with scientific support and group them in a way that spreads talents equally across the classroom, ergo promoting collective success.

The purpose of this research was to identify and explain the requirements of synectics teaching-learning strategy appropriate to the generational characteristics of undergraduate students in 2020-21. ‎ The research design was mixed and of sequential  exploratory type (qualitative-quantitative). The research method in the qualitative part was based on grounded theory and in the quantitative part was descriptive-survey. The statistical population in the qualitative section was the experts in the two fields of educational and social sciences, of which the sample of them continued to be 31 people in a purposeful and snowball manner until the saturation of information. The statistical population of the quantitative section included professors and undergraduate students from the Faculties of Educational Sciences and Social Sciences of Tehran and Isfahan Universities from which a sample of 121 faculty members and 349 students were selected by quota sampling method. In the qualitative part, the semi-structured interview tool and in the quantitative part, the researcher-made questionnaire was used.  The content validity of the questionnaire and interview was estimated according to the opinion of 8 experts and the reliability of the questionnaire was also estimated through Cronbach's alpha with a value of 0.90.  The findings were analyzed in the qualitative part with thematic analysis approach (structural and interpretive) and in the quantitative part by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Based on the findings, the most important requirements of the synectics strategy corresponding to the generational characteristics of the students were:‏‎ preparation of creative and idea-generating activities, abstain from absolutism, encourage innovative ideas, provide multidimensional thinking contexts, using analogy, metaphor and simile techniques, using brainstorming technique, application of artistic and aesthetic models and finally attention to imagination to achieve logical inference. As a result, one can say: the application of these elements leads to academic motivation and scientific growth of today's students. Therefore, it is suggested that the mentioned methods be used by professors in order to make the best use of educational opportunities and effective teaching.

Successful implementation of appropriate portfolio of related projects with taking advantage of private company capabilities, is one of the progress indicators in each country. Build - Operate - Transfer contracts as a branch of Public - Private Partnerships are also one of the popular tools to respond to government fund deficiencies in infrastructure projects. In this paper, the whole investment process is set based on self-financing. For selection and time schedule favorite of the project portfolio, a two - way mathematical model with sustainability goals by considering risk, resource constraint, optimal project, interdependence among projects and the flexible time horizon strategy is presented. Also, the main contribution of this paper is considered on maximizing the social benefits of stakeholders. To solve the model, the epsilon constraint method in small and medium size and metaheuristic method of multi - objective genetic algorithm in large size is used. Finally, the main project decision makers determine the cost of the project by selecting the optimal value.

Computer fraud is considered to be the most common economic crime in cyberspace in terms of the creativity of its perpetrators and the ease and frequency of committing it. The current study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of the spread of the Covid-19 virus on the occurrence of computer fraud. The current research is a causal-comparative research that was conducted in a descriptive post-event manner. The statistical population in this research is all computer fraud cases located in the years 2017, 2018 and 2019 in Dashti city of Bushehr province. The research results showed that there is no significant difference between the average of computer fraud in 2017 and 2018, but the average of computer fraud in 2017 and 2018 shows a significant difference compared to 2019. Also, according to the paired t-test, there was a significant difference between the computer frauds that occurred in 2019 in terms of the significance level within the group. Due to the observance of health protocols after the spread of Corona due to people staying at home, the rate of some crimes, including home theft, in 2019 compared to 2017 and 2018 shows a significant decrease; But the crime of computer fraud had an upward trend and this shows that the spread of this virus has been effective in committing computer fraud.

Error as a source of skepticism has long been considered by epistemologists. Although Muslim philosophers such as Ibn Sina have not discussed this issue independently, they have also addressed this issue in various philosophical discussions; In the present article, an attempt has been made to examine how The error of rational understanding and the way of avoiding it from the perspective of Ibn Sina. Ibn Sina insists on the effect of this human perceptive power by Emphasizing that error is not pervasive and sistematik in reason. By defending the first priority, the rule of social rejection and the height of contradictions, and in accordance with the realization of this principle, he draws a certain basis for human knowledge and explains the validity of other teachings on the basis of this perception of reality. He considers error in reason due to the existence of internal and external obstacles in the way of reason. And he considers removing these obstacles as a way to protect the mind from error.

The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and explaining the prerequisites of a dialogical teaching-learning strategy, proportionate‎ to generational characteristics of todaychr('39')s ‎undergraduate students, using the mixed method. The tools used in the qualitative and quantitative sections were semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire, respectively. The analysis of the findings in the qualitative part is based on grounded theory and in the quantitative part is descriptive-survey. The statistical population in the qualitative section was the experts, of which the sample of them continued in a targeted manner‎. The statistical population in the quantitative section, consisted of faculty members and undergraduate ‎students from whom the research sample was selected from them by stratified ‎random method. Based on the findings, 8 important prerequisites were identified. As a result, the academic motivation and scientific growth of todaychr('39')s students, depends on the efforts of teachers in the application of the mentioned Prerequisites.

Supply chain design has a significant impact on its efficiency and effectiveness. Thus, The purpose of this study is to design a four echelon supply chain including manufacturing, plants, distribution centers, wholesalers and retailers for perishable products. The problem is modeled as a multi-objective mathematical modeling for strategic and tactical levels of decision-making in terms of the number, size and  location of distribution centers and wholesalers, the product flow between different facilities, the inventory levels in distribution centers and also selecting the  transportation vehicles. The objectives of the model is minimizing total cost and total travel time of product in supply chain by considering product life time. Regardings  products life time, varying perishability rates in different storage facilities and also different perishability rates for transportation facilities, are incorporated in the model, to cover the research gap in designing perishable products supply chain. Given to the multi-objective nature of the model, this study applies Normal Boundary Intersection (NBI) method which has significant superiority compared over other approaches like goal programming. GAMS 24 and CPLEX solver were used for solving in a case study in iran dairy industry.

The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying and explaining the requirements ‎of self-directed teaching-learning strategy appropriate to ‎the characteristics of students of ‎‎today's undergraduate ‎students‎ using mixed exploratory (Consecutive exploration)‎‏ ‏method. In ‎the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 national experts on ‎the subject of research and was analyzed structurally and interpretively by content analysis ‎method. The statistical population of the quantitative section included faculty members and ‎undergraduate students that the research sample was selected by stratified method, appropriate ‎to the volume. The data for quantitative section were collected through a researcher-made ‎questionnaire extracted from the qualitative section and descriptive and inferential statistics ‎were used to analyze it. According to the research findings, from the perspective of experts, ‎professors and students, 9 indicators are the most important requirements of the self-directed ‎teaching-learning strategy, appropriate to the generational characteristics of today's ‎undergraduate students that should be considered by Faculty Members.‎‏ ‏Among the 9 ‎indicators, five elements: "The necessity of students' self-management in learning", "Student ‎participation in teaching" , "Guiding students to lifelong learning", "Paying attention to ‎students' individual talents in the form of homework" and "Applying Students' favorite ‎teaching methods" are at the top.

Because of the agricultural sector's importance in the national economy, and because it accounts for 17 percent of GDP and 22 percent of job labor, it is critical to support it as much as possible. Agricultural product insurance is one of the most important governmental support levers in the agricultural sector. It not only compensates farmers for the losses caused by the small savings of a large number of farmers, but it also provides more security for agricultural producers, lowering production risks significantly. So, in this study, we attempted to use positive mathematical programming (PMP) to examine the effects of introducing wheat insurance on wheat cultivation and farmer gross margins in the Sistan region. These farmers were divided into three groups based on the size of their cultivated farms: (1) small group (less than 3 hectares), (2) average-sized group (4-10 hectares), and (3) large group (more than 10 hectares). The results showed that after introducing wheat insurance, the farmer accepted it, and the cultivated area of wheat increased from 2 hectares to 2.01 hectares, while the farm's gross return increased from 18423290 Rials to 18511721 Rials, i.e., 0.479 percent more than those farmers who did not participate in the insurance scheme. On average-sized farms, implementing this insurance increased wheat cultivated area from 4.8 hectares to 4.858 hectares, and farm gross return increased from 48803550 Rials to 49291580 Rials, i.e., about 1% more than farmers who did not participate in the scheme. Following this plan, the cultivated area of wheat increased from 16 hectares to 16.445 hectares, and the farm's gross return increased from 139151140 Rials to 142421200 Rials, a 2.35 percent increase over those who did not participate in the scheme.

Newfound technologies in the communication and information area lead the educational systems ‎‎toward electronic teaching-learning.‎ certainly, the application of e-learning strategy based on ‎components tailored to the needs, desires and skills of students, leads to the creation of numerous ‎and diverse learning opportunities for students. In contrast, the inappropriateness and adaptation ‎of academic activities to the characteristics of students is a cause of motivation and ‎academic failure. The present study tries to identify and explain the requirements of e-‎teaching/learning which are fit for the characteristics of today’s BA students. ‎

The research design is mixed and of successive exploratory type. The qualitative part was done using the case study method and the quantitative part was done using the descriptive-survey method. The tools of the qualitative section are semi-structured interviews and the tools of the quantitative section are researcher-made questionnaires. The statistical population of the qualitative section was experts in the two fields of educational sciences and social sciences, of which the sample of them continued purposefully until the saturation of information. The statistical population in the quantitative section consisted of faculty members and BA ‎students of educational and social sciences colleges of Tehran and Isfahan Universities of which the sample of them was chosen with the stratified ‎random method according to the volume. The analysis of the findings in the qualitative part is based on grounded theory and in the quantitative part is based on descriptive and inferential statistics.

Regarding the research findings, the most important Requirements of electronic teaching-learning ‎strategy which suits the characteristics of today’s BA students is: using virtual messengers, using ‎soft wares and educational videos, using scientific websites, using remote supplementary trainings, ‎being allowed to search the Internet in classroom, having virtual assignments, taking virtual ‎exams and using smart board.‎

Based on the findings, it can be concluded, the application of these elements, ‎‏leads to academic ‎motivation and scientific ‎growth of today's students‏ ‏and thus, it is recommended to Professors for ‎the purpose of ‎effective teaching and optimal use of educational opportunities, do not neglect to ‎use them.‎ Universities must also provide the necessary equipment for e-teaching, especially smart ‎boards and high-speed Internet. In addition, in order to acquaint professors and students with e-‎learning skills such as the use of scientific websites, distance education, the use of smart boards, ‎virtual exams, etc., organized training workshops and encourage professors who use these ‎methods.

The study adopted an exploratory mixed-methods design to identify and explain the requirements of project-based teaching-learning strategy appropriate to the generational characteristics of today's undergraduate students. The statistical population of the qualitative section included experts in the two fields of educational and social sciences, of which the sample was selected through purposive sampling to the point of information saturation. In the quantitative section, the statistical population included faculty members and undergraduate students from the faculties of educational and social sciences of the two universities of Tehran and Isfahan in the academic year of 2019-2020. Of this population, a sample was selected via stratified random method, according to the size of the statistical population. Data was collected from the sample of experts through semi-structured interviews and from the faculty members and undergraduate students using a researcher-made questionnaire. The content validity of the questionnaire and interview questions was determined by means of expert checks and their reliability was estimated through Cronbach's alpha, which with a value of 0.86 was estimated as appropriate. The analysis of the interview data was based on grounded theory while the analysis technique used for the questionnaire data was descriptive survey. Based on the findings, the most important elements of the project-based teaching-learning strategy, appropriate to the generational characteristics of today's undergraduate students, are: a) combining science and practice in teaching; b) going on scientific visits and trips; c) making educational videos and photos; d) conducting seminars, writing articles, and making scientific interviews with qualified people; and e) translating valuable scientific texts and making teaching aids. Thus, the academic motivation and scientific growth of today's students depends on the application of the stated requirements in project-based teaching-learning approach. Therefore, it is recommended for teachers not to neglect them if they intend to have effective teaching and to make optimal use of educational opportunities.

In today's competitive world, various organizations have been constantly concerned with improving production processes as a way to enhance product quality.  Experiment design is a statistical quality control method leading to increased product quality, and thereby, enhanced manufacturing productivity. The present study set out to identify and prioritize the defects in industrial paints produced by Partofooldam industrial paint manufacturing company through failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and to determine optimal value levels for the identified effective factors using Taguchi Orthogonal Array Method. To serve the purpose, six trihedral factors and one dihedral factor were defined and the L18 array was selected for designing the required experiments. The findings indicated that the best paint quality was obtained in the experimental condition with over 10 micron granulation, peak metal temperature (PMT) of 232°C, high quality pigment, resin content of 55%, catalyst content of 4.1%, using medium quality plate and maximum content of additives. The effectiveness of the proposed method was determined by comparing the risk priority number (RPN) in FMEA before and after implementing Taguchi Method which showed a 19 point drop in the mean RPNs for all the identified problems. The results verified the impact of Taguchi’s method on reducing product failure risk and enhancing product quality.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of salicylic acid (sa) and chitosan (chi) on the response of rice to Fusarium fujikuroi, the causal agent of root and crown rot of rice plant. The effect of chitosan and salicylic acid with the concentrations of 200 and 400 ppm on mycelial growth of the pathogen was measured. Furthermore after 0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 144 and 288 hours of inoculation, growth traits of the plant and enzyme activity of peroxidase and catalase were evaluated in rice seedlings of a susceptible cultivar namely Tarom. Salicylic acid and chitosan in 400 ppm had the most mycelial inhibitory effect with 35.57 and 24.29% respectively. Both treatments could significantly reduce disease symptoms; the least disease severity was assessed 37.8 and 41.7 % in 200 and 400 ppm concentration of salicylic acid and chitosan respectively. Sa-200 and chi-400 pretreatment could significantly (p < /em><0.05) increase the shoot and root length and root volume of seedlings compared to control. The maximum level of peroxidase activity was assessed 96 hours after inoculation in 200 and 400 ppm concentration of salicylic acid and chitosan respectively. The minimum level of catalase activity was assessed 48 hours after inoculation in 200 and 400 ppm concentration of salicylic acid and chitosan respectively. Thus salicylic acid and chitosan could effectively induced systemic resistance in rice resulted in the reduction of disease severity.

Nowadays project accounting is one of the key pillars of organizations in selecting profitable projects and executing them with the most appropriate budget in due time. Generally, after selecting the right project using portfolio management, the most important part of the project is customer satisfaction with project time horizon planning. When the client requests the contractor to shorten the project duration, this will have different consequences on the quality and profitability of the project. In this research, to maximize project profit, the maximum delay in project delivery should be minimized and the project delivered to the customer in a predetermined time, and may also increase the risk by reducing demand for project completion time compared to early planning, leading to reduced costs. In this regard, the importance of accounting management and project management together in achieving the goals of the organization is well understood. The Epsilon constraint method is used to solve the mathematical problem in the small dimensions and in the larger dimensions it is used the Genetic Hybrid Particle Swarm Algorithm. The results of problem solving showed that by reducing the delay in the project both the employer and the contractor have more benefits, so both the project risk is reduced and the project profitability is increased and the project will be done at the predicted time. But both of them are at a disadvantage when it comes to the project, as project profits decrease and risks increase.

In this paper, an integer linear programming model is proposed to examine the effect of the project's uncertain budget on its performance. Although much research has been done in the past to optimize the time-cost trade off problem (TCT), in this paper, the project accounting approach has been used in the uncertain terms of receiving the allocated budget, the uncertainty associated with the cost of project activities and its duration. From the innovations of this research, the combination of generalized prerequisite relationships (GPRs) with the various modes of implementation of the activities and scenarios is continuous, discrete and combined (continuous / discrete). Chance constraint programming (CCP) has been used to terminate the variable budget. Stochastic budget limitations are at a predetermined level of confidence. Program evaluation review technique (PERT) has been used to estimate uncertain times, and to calculate the uncertain costs of the operating modes of activities; the triangulation method has been used. The mathematical model, which is to minimize the total time of the project, was solved by software (GAMS), taking into account the early remuneration at the completion of the project and the late delinquency, and was implemented on a real numeric sample to prove the function and validation of the model. Different scenarios have been proposed that the effect of each of them on budget changes and uncertainty over time on direct, indirect, total and project costs are reviewed.

In the current conditions of the world's competitive market, producer companies have come to invest more in their different operating systems and supporting their products in order to improve their products in terms of quality, variety, flexibility and updating of manufacturing methods, so that make it possible to produce the product with the lowest price to meet the maximum level of customers' requirements. Hence, one of the main aspects in creating the competitive advantage of organizations is accurate calculation of production costs that should be increasingly considered due to economic recession conditions in the country. The Product Direct Cost (PDC) is calculated by factors such as raw material prices, labor costs and equipment in traditional accounting systems, while the time factor is not considered as an important indicator in this regard, including time value of money causes more realistic calculations of the product direct costs and the finished cost. Therefore, utilizing the tools of lean production such as Value Stream mapping (VSM) and Cost-Time Profile (CTP) the in this paper, we try to consider the effects of Time Value of Money on the product direct cost. In this regard, product direct cost is calculated with a new approach different from traditional methods in accounting systems by mapping the current state map and focusing on the cost-time profile.

Today, social addiction adds devastating consequences and enormous costs to society. Among the undesirable effects of divorce addiction, the reduction of social security, the increase in theft and transmission of diseases that the government is suffering from the cost of eliminating them; that is why the value that people have to reduce drug addiction in society and, consequently, improve quality Social life are helpful in evaluating government programs in combating drugs and reducing addiction.

This research has quantified this subjective value in Assaluyeh as the capital of Iranian energy by applying a contingent valuation method. To do this, the contingency assessment questionnaire has been designed in a dual and two way way to estimate the willingness to pay for reducing addiction, and 314 family managers from different income groups in the industrial city of Assaluyeh have completed it. Data analysis was carried out using probit pattern. According to the results, the willingness to pay in individuals was influenced by three first-price offerings, monthly household income and gender.

According to research results, the willingness to pay for reducing addiction is influenced by the three income variables, the first proposed price, and gender. The effect of income has also been positive, and this shows that in the household basket, improving the quality of social life is a positive income stretch of commodity, and households are once willing to pay for a price whose income status is appropr

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is offered as a treatment for infertility in women.. The Cell free DNA in plasma/follicles were suggested as a biomarker for embryo quality inIVF. Higher the levels of Cell-free DNA indicate poorer embryo quality in the follicular fluidduring IVF. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the cell-free DNA (cfDNA) inplasma and Fluid-follicle of women undergoing IVF-embryo transfer. 

The studyexamined 100 women undergoing IVF treatment in an IVF unit in Yas Hospital of TehranUniversity of Medical Sciences in Tehran-Iran. Cell-free DNA was extracted from plasmaand follicular fluid of patients using the NucleoSpin® Extraction Kit. The total cfDNA wasexamined by qPCR for ALBUMIN and GAPDH genes. 

we did not find astatistically significant association among the variables such as CT-plasma, CT-follicularfluid, delta-CT and average of these data between two groups (including patients who had asuccessful IVF cycle and those who had a failed IVF cycle). 

Plasma andfollicular fluid cfDNA may reflect the presence of factors which interfere with embryoimplantation. Further research is required to determine the usefulness of cfDNA as abiomarker of IVF outcome and to examine the underlying pathologies as potential sourcesfor increased plasma/follicular fluid cfDNA concentrations.