ahmad jafari

One of the controversial issues in civil liability law is the use of the right; In other words, to what extent should the right be implemented? If the implementation of a person's right is harmful for others, what is the duty of the right holder? In order to control the quality of the exercise of the right, it is necessary to specify a criterion through which the abuse of the right can be identified. Method In terms of purpose, this writing is practical, and in terms of collection method, it is done in documentary and library form and through the study of laws and regulations and reliable sources, and the information obtained is descriptive and analytical. Regarding the findings of the research, it can be stated that, although Article 132 of the Civil Code is the basis of the legislator's view on the ruling on the abuse of the right, the divergent nature of rights has caused the limitation of the right to be two-sided; It means that sometimes the abuse of the right of guarantee is not enforced and the legislator makes the ruling on the exercise of the right absolute and sometimes prohibits the fair exercise of the right; Regarding the scope of the abuse of the right, it should be considered that the theory of abuse of the right applies only to the exercise of the right, while the rule of non-harm is not limited to the customary scope of the exercise of the right, such as the right of ownership or the right of passage. Regarding the results of the research, it can be said that the place of flow of the rule of abuse of the right is the application and implementation of the right; And in Iran's legal system, it is used to deal with the harm caused by legal rulings and to fight against the right to enforce a right that leads to another harm. On the other hand, in French law, in case of abuse in the position of enforcement of the right, the sentence of permission and falsification of the exercise of the right is removed and it has an equal relationship with the theory of negation of the sentence

Flow hydraulics is considered as the most important factor in the morphological changes of the river by influencing the sediment transport and the shape of the waterway (Adamsson et al, 2003). Accordingly, the hydraulic simulation is very critical in all river engineering projects. In order to model the river flow, many and diverse models with different hypotheses and numerical methods are developed and used. Due to the complexity of hydraulic and sedimentary phenomena in rivers, it is not possible to solve the governing equations by analytical methods, so numerical methods are usually used. In mathematical models, due to the fact that the real size of the river is modeled, there is no scale limitation, although in some cases, fine networks cause the duration of model execution to be longer(Liu et al, 2010). The application and accuracy of mathematical models depends on the definition of the equations governing the phenomenon and the numerical methods used. The aim of the current study is to simulate the hydraulic flow and sediment with CCHE2D software in the Karun River in the Molasani to Farsiat hydrometric stations. In this study, the effect of meshing dimensions and different turbulence models on the accuracy of flow hydrodynamic modeling as well as different sediment equations on river bed changes using CCHE2D model has been investigated.

The case study is about 110 km and the three hydrometric stations are located on this reach of the Karun River. Molasani and Farsiat stations were considered as upstream and downstream boundary conditions, and Ahvaz station was used as a control station to validate the model. The information used in this research includes information on the elevation of the Karun River, the flow rate and the water level in three hydrometric stations were obtained from the Khuzestan Water & Power Authority (KWPA). The CCHE2D model was developed in 1997 at the Center for Computational Science and Engineering under the supervision of the University of Mississippi, USA. This model is an analytical system for two-dimensional, unsteady and turbulent river flows, sediment transport and water quality assessment. The model is designed with the purpose of application in the areas related to the prediction of the river bed and erosion of its banks, meander movement and water quality. Numerical models in the field of two-dimensional hydraulic simulation of flow and sediment usually need extensive and complete input information. The reason for this is the dependence of the turbulent flow process in natural channels on various factors. The accuracy of the results obtained from the execution of the model will be directly related to the quality, quantity and accuracy of the input data. To simulate the flow in CCHE2D, it is necessary to determine the duration of the simulation and time steps in performing the numerical calculation process. In this research, different time steps has been used in different stages, and the time steps in most of the simulation stages were considered equal to 150 seconds, and in some situations, smaller time steps have been used in order to solve the instability of the model.

In order to check and analyze the model in relation to the mesh size and choose its optimal size, modeling was performed for three different sizes of 150,000, 270,000 and 350,000 mesh nodes. The results obtained for the mesh size of 150,000 nodes show a significant difference with the sizes of 270,000 and 350,000 nodes. This difference is occurred due to the fact that at the beginning and end of the hydrograph, the water level in the network is low and the number of calculation nodes that are located in the dry area is more than the nodes that are located in the wetter area. This problem is partially solved by increasing the flow rate in the hydrograph and increasing the water level. Also, in order to choose the appropriate flow turbulence model for three modes of k-ε model, Parabolic Eddy Viscosity and Mixing Length, simulation was done and the observed water level difference was compared with the measured results at Ahvaz hydrometric station. Based on the obtained results, the k-ε turbulence model has the best match with the observed values ​​with an error of 2% and was chosen as the base model for further modeling. It is worth noting that most of the conducted studies also show that the k-ε model is more capable of modeling the flow in rivers and provides more accurate results. In order to implement the sediment model, the suspended sediment rating curve of Ahvaz station was used as total load sediments. Based on the obtained results, the Ackers - White sediment transport model with a coefficient of 0.1 adaptation factor shows a better agreement with the observational results.

The CCHE2D simulations show that the eddy viscosity distribution in the meanders is more intense, which can have a direct effect on the erosion process of the outer bends. Based on the investigations, the maximum erosion and sedimentation took place upstream of the Ahvaz hydrometric station and in the meandering areas of the river. The intensity of erosion in the downstream area of ​​Ahvaz station has decreased significantly. One of the most important reasons for this issue is the low slope of the river bed downstream of the river. In general, the process of modeling, distribution and pattern of flow and sediment parameters by CCHE2D model is reasonable and has acceptable accuracy, and this model can be used for other processes such as changes in the river morphology and displacement of meanders, flow analysis and erosion at the structures.

The current research was conducted to provide a model of professional competencies of Mellat Bank employees of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on human and social development. The present research method is qualitative, and the statistical community included all elites and experts in the field of public administration and managers and heads of Mellat Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran with a scientific background related to human resources and a history of working as a manager or consultant in the banking industry in 1401. From these, 373 individuals were selected for gathering quantitative data, and 15 people were selected for interviews. The research tool consisted of a semi-structured and open-ended interview designed in 6 steps and was conducted in the quantitative part of the questionnaire designed from the qualitative part. The findings from the qualitative phase were analyzed using Max QDA software. From the analysis of 15 interviews, a total of 236 initial codes were extracted. After analyzing the text of the interviews, 41 basic themes and 15 organizing themes were extracted. In the final stage, by examining the organizing themes, four overarching themes were obtained: individual competencies and self-development, organizational competencies, social competencies, and leadership competencies.

In the laws of Iran and France, the lawyer's obligations towards the client are either directly derived from the attorney's contract, which are known as "contractual obligations", or they are due to the requirements that are created for the person according to the law, which are referred to as "legal obligations". ; The findings of the research showed that French law shows the extent of the obligations and responsibilities of each lawyer and client in front of each other; Also, it is customary in Iranian law, like jurisprudence, to describe some of the obligations and responsibilities arising from the lawyer's surety in case of violation and neglect in front of the client. On the other hand, explaining the lawyer's duties and responsibilities towards the client and the civil liability due to the violation and non-fulfilment of obligations can be a reminder for some lawyers to know that the purpose of entering this profession is not only to earn profit, but also to realize the ideal of justice and Cancellation is void. Therefore, the purpose of compiling this research is to compare the conditions of civil liability of lawyers in Iranian and French laws. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting materials is library-documentary.

Hearing is one of the most vital sensory abilities without which many human abilities to adapt to the environment are overshadowed, and learning, which is the most basic human ability to adapt to the environment, environment creation and mental and cognitive development, is also under the influence of this important sense. contract. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors affecting the effective education of deaf students (reading the lived experience) of Zahedan city.

This research was applied in terms of aim and exploratory, qualitative phenomenological type, in terms of method. The statistical population of the study was teachers and employees of schools of heading impaired students and employees of the Department of Exceptional Education in Zahedan, selected by purposeful sampling method up to reaching the theoretical saturation (16 people). Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Corbin and Strauss coding (1990) methods were used to analyze the data.

The results of coding were 139 codes in the open coding stage, 25 sub-categories in the axial coding stage and 5 main categories in the selected coding stage. Finally, 5 factors of appropriate educational space and services, efficiency of educational and rehabilitation forces, students' needs, family support and adaptation of educational content were identified as important factors affecting the effective education of Hearing impaired students.

One of the effective factors in improving effective education for deaf students is the use of an expert teacher with a field of education for exceptional children and the special equipping of their schools with classrooms with sound control walls, having a speech therapy room, a smart board, appropriate tables and chairs. And editing and revising textbooks is specific to this type of students.

Corona virus or Covid-19 is a disease which affected most of the countries for many year such as Iran and America and caused lots of difficulties and suffering for governments and people. Now days one of the important matters regarding the civil responsibilities of the government is transmission and spread of Corona virus among people. Due to that the aim of this project is to comparatively analysis the conditions of the civil responsibility of government towards the use of Covid-19 vaccination and methods of compensation in the Iranian and US Law system. Writer of this article tried to refer to the subject by sticking to descriptive-analytic method to explain the adaptation of the civil liability of legal system of Iran and America and find out the differences between them. Results obtained from this research show the government responsibility plan regarding this epidemic disease. It means the action or decision by the authorities can lead the responsibility of the government. Also, in US Law system to compensate the lost and damages caused by this covid-19 vaccination the compensation fund and civil responsibility insurance to compensate this case is established. And other achievements are that the government's exemption from non-judgment damages is exceptional and the main principles of the necessity require compensating unjust loss. The government can only cite it when it is sure that it has legal documentations.

  Spinach is a leafy vegetable rich in nutrients and can be consumed either raw or prepared in various ways. Incorporating micro-elements like Zn and Fe can increase nutrient concentration in agricultural products and boost plant yield. This, in turn, plays a crucial role in improving food quality and promoting better health for society. High concentrations of Zn can impede plant growth by affecting photosynthesis and oxygen-free radical production. Conversely, Fe is a vital micronutrient contributing to several plant metabolic processes. This study aims to identify the optimal levels of Fe and Zn elements to enhance spinach yield, element concentration, and vegetative growth.

The plants were cultivated in washed sand media (free from any nutrients). Plants were treated with Zn (0.22, 5, and 10 mg L-1) and Fe (3, 6, and 12 mg L-1). After the first two leaves appeared in each pot, 500 ml of nutrient solution was manually added.

The ANOVA results indicate that varying levels of Zn and Fe have a significant impact on various traits in spinach, including leaf size, fresh and dry shoot, and root weight, photosynthetic pigments, total antioxidant activity, total soluble protein and carbohydrate content, as well as leaf and root elements. It is important to note that the nutritional components of both spinach leaves and roots were impacted by the combinations of treatments applied. Specifically, the levels of Mg, Zn, and Cu increased after using varying concentrations of Fe and Zn compared to those plants watered with the lowest levels of these minerals. The simultaneous application of Zn and Fe increased the Fe content of leaves and roots. Still, with the increase in the concentration of these treatments, it was observed a reduction in the Fe content so that the lowest amount of Fe in the leaves and roots was observed in the highest concentration of Zn in the food solution (12 mg L-1 Fe + 10 mg L-1 Zn). Spinach plants under irrigation by 5 mg L-1 Zn + 6 mg L-1 Fe had the highest leaf K content, which improved by 31.79% compared to the control treatment. When the concentration of Zn in the nutrient solution was increased to 10 mg L-1, it resulted in a decrease in K content in both leaves and roots. The treatment of Fe 6 mg L-1 + Zn 5 mg L-1 had the highest fresh weight (33.977 g) and dry weight (3.487 g) content and also resulted in an increase in leaf size (length 8.933 mm and width 4.477 mm). However, with the increment of Fe concentration to 12 mg L-1 + 10 mg L-1, these traits showed a significant decrease, as well as the highest content of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids were obtained at a concentration of 6 mg L-1 of Fe + 5 mg L-1 of Zn, which showed an increase of 289, 687 and 406% compared to the plants treated with the lowermost Zn and Fe concentration, respectively, and the lowest values of chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoids were found in the control plants, the protein content varied from 1.038 mg g-1 FW in the lowest treatment to 4.256 mg g-1 FW in the 12 mg L-1 Fe + 5 mg L-1 Zn treatment, the highest total soluble content was observed in 6 mg L-1 Fe + 5 mg L-1 Zn, which was led to an increase of 72%. The lowest total soluble carbohydrate was also observed in the control plants. The highest and lowest total antioxidant activity was recorded in 12 mg L-1 Fe + 5 mg L-1 Zn (10.75%) and the control spinach plants (6.705%), respectively.

Increasing the Zn concentration up to 10 mg L-1 caused a reduction in growth parameters and the content of photosynthetic pigments and elements of K and Fe in leaves and roots. However, the measured trait concentration for the studied treatments was higher than in the control plant. The present results showed that the spinach plant is somewhat resistant to the high concentration of Zn micronutrient. Based on the obtained results, Fe and Zn treatments combined were more effective for promoting healing than separate treatments. 6 mg L-1 of Fe and 5 mg L-1 of Zn was the most effective treatment.

Periodontal diseases are resulted from gum infections and dental plaques, which are mainly caused by the bacterial agents. Since dental monitoring includes important prognostic roles, the aim of this study was to detect the most common periodontal pathogenic bacteria in children.

A total of 200 clinical samples were collected from dental plaques and gingival grooves. Tar- get-specific primers were designed for hbpA in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, fimA in Porphyromonas gingivalis and 16S rRNA in Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola. Then, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction method was optimized for the highlighted bacterial agents.

In general, the highest and the lowest bacterial prevalence rates belonged to Tannerella forsythia (88%) and Por- phyromonas gingivalis (13%), respectively. Furthermore, prevalence rates of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia and Treponema denticola were 25, 21 and 45% in samples, respectively.

There were significant associations between dental/oral health and microbial community. Metabolism of the oral bacteria, including biofilm formation, can affect gums and develop dental plaques and hence dental caries, especially in children. Early diagnosis of dental caries in children via rapid, accurate molecular methods can increase the diagnostic capacity in clinical cases and therefore prevent periodontal infections in adulthood.

This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of saline, 0.5% and 2% Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) essential oil, 0.5% and 2% Mentha piperita (M. piperita) essential oil, and 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) as root canal irrigants for primary molar teeth.

A total of 64 primary molars were used in this in vitro study. The teeth were randomly assigned to six groups (N=10). The root canals were prepared up to file #35, and all teeth were sterilized before contamination with Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis; ATCC 29212) suspension. After 48 hours of incubation, the root canals in each group were irrigated with the respective irrigants. Sterile paper points were then used to collect microbial samples from the root canals. A colony counter was used to count the number of colony-forming units (CFUs). Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 (alpha=0.05).

The colony count was significantly different among the groups (P<0.001), and 2% M. piperita (P=0.009), 0.5% Z. multiflora (P=0.021), and 0.2% CHX (P=0.002) were significantly more effective than saline in elimination of E. faecalis. The ascending order of microbial count after irrigation was as follows: saline > 0.5% M. piperita > 0.2% CHX > 2% M. piperita > 0.5% Z. multiflora.

The current study showed the optimal antibacterial activity of 0.5% Z. multiflora essential oil and 2% M. piperita essential oil against E. faecalis, and indicated their possible efficacy for use as an irrigant for root canal irrigation of primary molars.

From the perspective of the security-oriented cultural discourse, culture has strategic importance for governance, because it is linked to security and development of society. From this point of view, cultural engineering is essential for creating a unified nation. A nation that is capable of reviving the Islamic civilization. Basically, this discourse sees the population as a raw material for nation-building and it will be a cause for concern if they are not. According to this discourse, the cultural policy is the most effective apparatus for turning people into subjugated individuals. In this research, genealogical methods have been used to understand the conditions that led to the formation of the discourse. The findings suggest that the failure of government in creating subjugated subjects leads to the dominance of a conservative approach to the cultural policy. Structurally, the ability of the government to create desirable subjects depends on the government's capacity to provide welfare to citizens. But in the post-war era, the economic reforms based on structural adjustment and the government's obligation to withdrawal of social policy led to widespread social exclusion. As a result, the subjectizing capacity of the state weakened drastically. Under these circumstances, social reality is seen as a threat to the eyes of the policy-making elite, resulting in intensifying the government's tendency to securitize and policing cultural policy to stand up to the threat.

The rules for compensating the losses caused to consumers and identifying the responsibility of manufacturers of defective pharmaceutical products and unsafe vaccines 19 have an important position in order to compensate the losses. Regarding the non-contractual liability system, in general, two solutions can be considered: in some countries, such as Iran, the responsibility of the producer is based on fault and this is in the case that in some countries, such as the United States and England, The responsibility of pharmaceutical manufacturers, including vaccines, is based on the rule of pure responsibility. The most important goals of this research are divided into three categories: the main goal is the comparative study of the role of the civil liability system in the safety of the Covid-19 vaccine and the secondary goals of the research; Investigating how to compensate the victims of the Covid-19 vaccine and investigating the civil liability system is pure.

The method of this research is descriptive-analytical; the method of collecting materials is library and documentary.

Ethical Considerations:

 In order to organize this research, while observing the authenticity of the texts, hoesty and fidelity have been observed.

The most important findings of this research is that the first step in the direction of protecting the victims and consumers is to pass appropriate laws and regulations so that first, the distribution and consumption system is organized in order to avoid material and spiritual losses due to lack of health. and the safety of manufactured products in the field of pharmaceutical products and especially the vaccine of the Covid-19 virus to be prevented and secondly, in case of losses, it is possible to effectively compensate the rights of the injured parties through the guarantee of appropriate executions in an easy and fast way. Did Thirdly, transnational companies can take actions in social development.

Finally, it can be concluded that the damage caused by the injection of the Covid-19 vaccine and other vaccines should be compensated, although the governments have foreseen different methods in this regard.

Scouring is a natural phenomenon that occurs as a result of the erosive action of water flow in alluvial waterways. This phenomenon is considered a serious threat to the stability of structures located in the flow path, such as the foundations of bridges. One of the most important and effective factors in the destruction and failure of bridges is scouring around bridge foundations and supports. Today, with the progress of science and technology, the use of intelligent computer systems for modeling complex and non-linear phenomena has become increasingly important. In this research, using real data, the efficiency of artificial intelligence systems, which include a combination of multilayer perceptron neural network and genetic algorithm, has been investigated. Among the models with different number of hidden neurons, the artificial neural network with three hidden neurons has the least error. Comparing the values ​​of the difference ratio between the proposed neuro-genetic model and the existing common equations shows that the accuracy of the neuro-genetic model has a higher efficiency compared to other equations. The root mean square error in the proposed model was calculated as 0.51, while this value was calculated above 0.89 for the existing experimental equations.

Water level and flow control gates are the most important parts of any irrigation network. Most of the gates located in the irrigation networks face problems after the operation. While mechanizing gates for surface irrigation systems can greatly save water consumption and increase water efficiency. In this project, it was tried to design and construct a gate using modern technologies, which can be intelligently operated and able to pass the desired discharge. Bubble rubber was used to seal the gate and minimizing water loss. Electromotor, encoder, ultrasonic sensor, inverter, and PLC were used to mechanize the gate. An ultrasonic sensor was applied to read the water level. All the computations of the gate-opening rate are performed by the PLC and then the instructions are transmitted to the electromotor. The encoder is connected to the electromotor and, according to the computations, controls the number of motor revolutions for a given opening rate. The TIA Portal environment used to control the gate motion system. The program written in the TIA Portal environment includes all the settings related to the flow discharge, gate opening, sensitivity of the ultrasonic sensor, and gate-opening rate to provide the flexibility of the gate in real conditions. In order to calibrate the constructed sluice gate according to the obtained equation, several experiments were used and finally, the coefficient of 0.625 was obtained as a correction coefficient. The coefficient of determination and root mean square error for the calibrated equation were calculated to be 0.97 and 0.66, respectively. These results showed the suitable performance of the automatic gate based on a calibrated equation

One of the phenomena studied in archeology is the study of historical beliefs and documents about the spells of treasures. The science of spells deals with: how to keep treasures, bury them in the ground to protect them from thieves and enemies, put various spells on them, ways to detect and open spells in Burials place. In his Khamse, Nizami has used these topics in great detail. The need to revise the traditional works of Persian literature from the point of view of archeology and to discover the historical values ​​of a prominent literary work has created the need to explore how to use the themes of spells and treasures in Khamse. This research has been done by using field observations, by conducting interviews with cultural heritage experts and by using descriptive analytical method. The analysis of verses based on the  classification of the imagination in Coleridge's Theory and also two different functions of the image in the literature as the linguistic and the virtual function reveals that in terms of content, spells and treasures have been used in the field of fiction and also pride, allegory, description, lyricism, praise and mysticism. Among these themes, the field of fiction is the most visible due to the use of precise details, and in other areas, it reveals the poet's thematic power. In rhetorical analysis, the study of three different literary structures shows that Nizami has created beautiful literary arrays by discovering the same features between specific concepts and spells and treasures.

Population increasing along with the environmental crisis due to the use of fossil fuels has led humans to seek to use renewable energy sources. One of the most important sources of renewable energy is the waves of the seas and oceans, which can meet some of the human needs for energy resources. One of the key steps in the development of wave energy renewable technology is the design and validation of physical models. Although physical models can not accurately simulate all the details and performance of the original prototype, they can be a very valuable source of information for researchers, developers, and inventors in this area. Due to its simple mechanical structure, the oscillating water column has become one of the most common tools for converting wave energy in the world. The oscillating water column could be used as a breakwater on the shores in addition to generating energy from the waves. Due to the complexities related to the hydrodynamic conditions of air and airflow inside the system, it is necessary to use laboratory models to study it more precisely.

In the present study, laboratory flume model GUNT HM162 with a length of 12.5 m, width 0.31 m, and height 0.47 m with glass walls and the metal floor was used. A centrifugal pump with a flow rate of 165 m3/h and a height of 16 meters was used for the experiments. A wave generator with a frequency of 0.5 to 1.11 Hz was applied to create a wave in the laboratory flume. All experiments were performed at a constant flow depth of 200 mm. Three values were chosen for the distance of the OWC device from the water surface in the normal state (d), according to the chamber length (B). Therefore, distances of 10%, 25%, and 45% of the OWC chamber length were used as parameter d. To investigate the effect of back wall height (Z) on OWC efficiency, three physical models were made in three modes without back wall and with 5 and 10 cm back wall. In this research, the power generated by the wave inside the device was performed to evaluate the performance of the OWC. In addition, a two-way analysis of variance test was used to investigate the effect of independent parameters such as back wall height, the depth of the system, and the frequency of waves on the output power to determine the main and interaction effects.

The results show that with increasing the installation depth of the system, initially the amount of output power increased but then had a decreasing trend. Accordingly, the depth with the best performance must be considered for OWC. In this study, it was found that 0.25 B (chamber length) installation depth has better performance than the other two cases. Comparison of the effect of the back wall on the performance of the device at a depth of 0.25B shows that the models with the back wall have better performance comparing with the model without a back wall. The performance of the two back walls at frequencies less than 0.8 is similar, but for higher frequencies, the 10 cm back wall has better performance than another back wall. All the main effects have a significant influence on the output power, which the frequency of the waves and the height of the back wall have a higher effect. The results related to the interaction effects of independent parameters show that the interaction effects have a high influences on the amount of output power. Among the interaction effects, (Z × d) and (Z × Frequency) have a significant effect on the output power, which indicates the effect of the back wall on the total power. The results of the margin averages show that at the maximum frequency used, the 5 and 10 cm back wall were increased the efficiency of the OWC by 98% and 182%, respectively, compared to the model without a back wall.

Based on the result of the experiments, the presence of the back wall has a high effect on the OWC output power so that in the best installation depth (d =0.25B) and frequency of 1.1 Hz, the 5 and 10 cm back wall, increases the output power by 1.18 and 1.83, respectively. Two-way analysis of variance was used to investigate the effect of different parameters on OWC efficiency. The result of two-way ANOVA shows that the frequency of the waves and the back wall had the greatest effect on the output power. On the other hand, the interaction of the back wall with the frequency and installation depth also had a significant difference at the level of 0.01. The performance of the two back walls used at low frequencies was similar, but for the higher frequencies, the 10 cm back wall performed better. Accordingly, it can be concluded that the presence of a larger back wall cannot produce more power in all frequencies.

Primary endodontic infections are caused by necrotic colonization of the pulp tissues by microorganisms. The success of endodontic treatment depends on complete debridement and disinfection of the root canal space. Maximum antibacterial effects, maximum dissolving effects on necrotic tissues, and minimum toxic effects on the periapical tissues are essential characteristics of ideal root-canal irrigants. Recently, researchers have become further interested in medicinal plants as herbal medicines due to their good antimicrobial activities and natural origins.

This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial properties of chlorhexidine solution alone and mixed with two herbal solutions in root dentine and optimize factors affecting the disinfection of primary tooth root canals.

Teeth infected with pure Enterococcus faecalis suspensions were treated with chlorhexidine solution alone and mixed with chamomile and Satureja khuzestanica. After selecting the most efficient solution, factors possibly affecting the disinfection process were optimized using a central composite design. These factors were the CHX concentration, chamomile concentration, and contact time.

The microbial colony count showed that the minimum colony count belonged to 1% chamomile essence and 1% CHX solution, while the maximum colony count belonged to 1% S. khuzestanica and 1% CHX solution, with significant differences. In the optimization process, the best chlorhexidine concentration, chamomile concentration, and contact time were 1.13%, 1.39%, and 11.33 min, respectively.

A combination of chlorhexidine and chamomile provided protection against oral microbial pathogens for endodontic infections. However, further comprehensive in vivo studies seem necessary.

Air and its invisible components play a significant role in the existence of living beings. The two factors of urbanization and industrialization of cities lead to an increase in the concentration of various compounds in the air. This study has been designed and performed to examine seasonal Characterization, Spatial distribution and health risk assessment of sixteen Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and eleven Heavy metals bounded PM2.5 at 16 sites in Urban Air of Tabriz, Iran.

glass-fibre filters, peripheral pumps and PMI holder were used with a total 3 L/min flow rate for 24 h sampling PM2.5 every four seasons at 16 sites from 20nd February to 20th December. Proper solvents are consumed for extraction purposes of these Materials. ICP-OES and GC/MS devices used for analyzing purposes and the spatial distribution of PAHs and heavy metals bounded PM2.5 investigated by ArcGIS10.3 software. ELCR values and carcinogenicity risk were also calculated for children and Adults in different exposure pathways.

The annual mean concentrations of PM2.5 were 41.17 µg/m3, ∑16PAHs bounded-PM2.5 were much higher in autumn and winter (217.47 and 178.32 ng/m3) compared to summer and spring (162.61 and 131.89 ng/m3). The annual mean concentrations of Heavy metals bounded-PM2.5 were 138.69 ng/m3. Dermal carcinogenicity risk of exposure with PAHs was high, and ELCR values of Heavy metals also indicated a high risk for adults and children in some stations.

considering the topographic location of the region, Industrial areas and the frequent presence of temperature inversion, such comprehensive researches are needed for assessments and control policies.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are potent antimicrobial agents, which have recently been used in dentistry. The aim of the current study was to optimize antimicrobial activity of Ag-NPs used in preparing irreversible hydrocolloid impressions against three microorganisms of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans.

After assessing antimicrobial activity of the compound using disk diffusion method, three parameters of concentration of Ag-NPs (250-1000 ppm), ratio of hydrocolloid impression material powder to water (0.30-0.50) and time of mixing (20.0-60.0 s), affecting antimicrobial activity of irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials against the three microorganisms, were optimized. This combined process was successfully modeled and optimized using Box-Behnken design with response surface methodology (RSM). Decreases in colony number of E. coli, S. mutans and C. albicans were proposed as responses.

Qualitative antimicrobial assessments respectively showed average zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 3.7 mm for E. coli, 3.5 mm for S. mutans and 4 mm for C. albicans. For all responses, when the mixing duration and powder-to-water ratio increased, the circumstances (mixing duration of 59.38 s, powder-to-water ratio of 0.4 and Ag-NP concentration of 992 response) increased. Results showed that in optimum ppm, the proportion of decreases in colony numbers was maximum (89.03% for E. coli, 87.08% for S. mutans and 74.54% for C. albicans). Regression analysis illustrated a good fit of the experimental data to the predicted model as high correlation coefficients validated that the predicted model was well fitted with data. Values of R2Adj with R2Pred were associated to the accuracy of this model in all responses.

Disinfection efficiency dramatically increased with increasing of Ag-NP concentration, powder-to-water ratio and mixing time.

Abu Ali Farsi is one of the great and famous writers of the fourth century AH and one of the famous scholars and Imam al-Nahwiyun of his time. He is the author of valuable and valuable writings on interpretation and syntax that have been cited by commentators. The findings indicate the existence of a commentary book by Abu Ali Farsi that has been lost, but his commentary works and opinions can be retrieved from his other writings as well as from commentary societies of the fifth century onwards. The findings also show that there is no name of Abu Ali Farsi in the history of Tafsir. Therefore, this library analytical article has found an approach to the interpretive method of that great scientist by researching the works and writings of Abu Ali and his interpretive opinions in the works of other commentators. The importance of this research is to revive the interpretive heritage of the past, especially the ancients. Because it is basically necessary to complete what and the function of interpretation in the early centuries AH, all the elements were achieved.

God Almighty has designed the words of the Holy Qur'an in such a way that in order to understand some of them, a network of related meanings must be formed. One of these words is the word Asma in verses 31 to 33 of Surah Al-Baqarah. The findings indicate that there are many interpretive sayings in this regard. In this library analytical article, the sayings of the commentators are divided into eleven aspects and it is tried to examine and critique them using the semantic method of Isutsu, and then the interpretation of the mentioned verses is expressed with a semantic approach to the word "Asma". The importance of this issue is to achieve the semantic network of the word "Asma" because it is essentially necessary to explore the semantic components of the words in the textual context of the Holy Quran in order to provide a better interpretation. The purpose of this article is to provide the semantic network of the word "Asma" to the Quranic scientific community so that its results can be used in interpretive and Quranic research.

Based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization, we investigated the feasibility of oral health interventions (OHIs) as part of Health Promoting Schools (HPS) program in Karaj city elementary schools.

OHIs were accepted to be integrated into the components of HPS program by using the nominal group technique (NGT) and semi-structured interviews. Three NGT meetings were held with the faculty members of the School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, and Karaj elementary school health care providers. Semi-structured interviews were held with school health executives of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The expert panel edited the OHIs and corrected the fragmentations, overlaps, and duplications. OHIs were sent to 24 individuals in six multi-stakeholder groups (faculty members of pediatric dentistry and community oral health departments, elementary school administrators, executive managers of Ministry of Health and Medical Education, elementary school dean and school healthcare providers). They were asked to score the feasibility of each intervention on a scale of 0 to 10.

Based on the mean score of feasibility (threshold: 8) the OHIs were divided into two groups of feasible and infeasible. Eighty-six interventions were feasible, with a total mean score of 8.83±0.59 out of 10. The highest feasibility score was related to “comprehensive school health education”.

Integration of OHIs in HPS program is acceptable and feasible. The results can help policy-makers support the integration of OHIs in HPS program and encourage them to implement the program at the national level.

Dental caries is among the most common chronic diseases of the childhood. This study sought to assess the effect of caries experience in primary molars on caries development in the adjacent permanent first molars.

This cross-sectional study evaluated 413 students aged 7 and 8 years. Clinical dental examination was performed by two independent examiners using disposable dental instruments and a head light. Dental caries was evaluated using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) for all four permanent first molars and the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) index for the primary molars. Data were analyzed using the Pearson’s Chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test.

When primary first molars were sound, 22.9% of the permanent first molars of the same quadrant were sound. When primary second molars were sound, 25.7% of the adjacent permanent first molars were sound. A carious primary second molar had a stronger correlation with development of dentin caries in the adjacent permanent first molar than a carious primary first molar (P<0.001).

The current results confirmed that carious primary molars can significantly affect caries development in the adjacent permanent first molars, and a carious primary second molar has a significantly greater effect than a carious primary first molar in this respect. Thus, special attention should be paid to oral hygiene and proper tooth brushing of primary molars, particularly second molars.

Correct understanding of business processes and service platform are equally important for real modeling of services utilization and their delivery and preparation. The present study is basic research based on aims and its data collection method is cross-sectional survey research method. This study was performed based on quantitative and qualitative approaches. Questionnaire distribution and data collection of Semnan industrial estates experts are performed after qualitative analysis phase, and then the study was interred to quantitative phase. So the present study is a mixed survey from this perspective. The present study execution algorithm is designed based on scientific research method and after systematic phases. The study statistical population in qualitative section of research method include to experts of the Semnan industrial estates active firms managers and experts. The study statistical population in a quantitative section of research method includes 325 persons. Sample size Are estimated 176 persons by using Krejcie and Morgan Table. Data analysis in qualitative section of performed by thematic analysis method and using MaxQDA software. Data in quantitative section are screened by fuzzy Delphi method and finally the model is presented. Modeling is performed by mixed method ISM-DEMATEL. Then partial least squares approach and Smart PLS software are used in quantitative section. Finally, success pattern and business starting pattern in Iran are designed with respect to entrepreneurs psychological and personality in Semnan industry section.

This study is based on a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) exploratory approach. In the first part, based on library studies and then specialized interviews, the indicators of business success were identified with a psychological approach. After the qualitative analysis stage, a questionnaire was distributed and data were collected from experts in the industrial towns of Semnan province, and the main and sub-components of success in business were extracted with a psychological approach. In the qualitative research method, theoretical and experimental experts including university professors and managers of Semnan Province Industrial Company included 10 experts who were selected by non-random snowball method and in the quantitative part, the statistical population is 325 people. The sample size was estimated to be 176 people using Krejcie and Morgan table, which were selected by simple random sampling. Data in the qualitative section were done by interview. ISM has been used, then in a small part, the partial least squares approach and Smart PLS software were used, and finally, the model of business success in Iran was designed according to the psychological and personality characteristics of entrepreneurs in the industrial sector of Semnan province

An Open-Pit Production Scheduling (OPPS) problem focuses on specifying block production scheduling to achieve the highest possible Net Present Value (NPV). This paper presents a new mathematical model for OPPS under uncertainty. To this end, a robust box and ellipsoidal counterpart approach was used. The proposed method was implemented in a hypothetical model. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) and an exact mathematical modeling approach were used to solve the model. It was shown that the scheduling of deterministic and robust models in various conditions is different. Considering the type of robust counterparts, different production plans under various conditions were scheduled. Furthermore, the price of robustness was determined for various levels of conservation.