ahmad pasha zanoos

The study of grammatical disagreements among scholars of Arabic grammar has long held a special place, giving rise to various grammatical schools and doctrines, and prompting grammarians to engage in scholarly competition with one anather.One of the pioneers of the Arabic linguistic sciences who contributed significantly to grammatical research, evolution, progress, and revival of this field is Jamal al-Din Ibn Hisham al-Ansari(761 AH), and his works are replete with grammatical critiques of the views of great grammarians, including Ibn 'Usfur al-Ishbili(669 AH).This research, written in a descriptive-analytical style, examines Ibn Hisham's objections in the book "Mughni al Labib" to Ibn 'Usfur's grammatical views in the book "Al- Muqarrib wa ma'ahu Mithl ai-Muqarrib" based on evidence from the Qur'an. One of the most important findings of this study is that Ibn Hisham often disagrees with Ibn 'Usfur's views on grammatical issues and sometimes accuses him of disregarding the style of the Noble Qur'an. Their most significant disagreements are manifested in the suspension of verbs of the heart, the omission of one the two objects of such verbs in abbreviation, the specific declension in the style of praise and dispraise, the omission of the conjunctive particle and the conjunct, the assumption of resumptive pronouns in the case of conjuntions, and the complement of the predicate "kana" (to be)

Moaz Al-Junaid is a Yemeni poet and one of the symbols of contemporary Yemeni poetry. He played an active role in the popular resistance since the Saudi coalition’s aggression against Yemen in 2015 until now. He used poetry as a weapon to defend his people and a means of expressing his suffering and pain, as his poems are characterized by frankness, directness, and vitality. Al-Junaid was interested in the issues of the Yemeni homeland and had a major, active, and effective role in arousing enthusiasm and encouraging souls to struggle in the face of enemies and occupiers. This study seeks to shed light on the poetry of Moaz Al-Junaid on the "X" (formerly Twitter) platform and focus on the most important themes of resistance and its elements in his poetry according to the descriptive and analytical approach. Among the most prominent findings of the article is that the poet employed technical poetic experience in all its forms, and benefited from social media in publishing and creating an aesthetic impact. For the recipient/follower, in terms of the themes of his poetry, the poet pushed his poetic experience to serve his country, defend it, defend the Palestinian cause, and condemn the war and occupation in all its forms via the information network because it helps him communicate better with his audience and speak on behalf of Yemen and its people .

Many Quran scholars have long been fascinated by the An-Nur verse. Despite the absolute denial of any similarity between his holy nature and the rest of the cosmos, this monotheistic verse contains metaphorical language. Most Qur'anic interpretations have focused on the idea that there are outside and inner meanings and each interpretation has sought to decipher the meaning of this verse using one of these two ideas. This descriptive-analytical study explores and compares the interpretation of the An-Nur verse by Sharif al-Murtaza, Mulla Sadra, and Sultan Muhammad Sultan Ali Shah Gunabadi with their interpretations. The verse's meaning has been interpreted differently by these interpreters, who have divergent and, at times, contradictory intellectual orientations. Even though all three of them deviate from the apparent meaning, Sharif al-Murtaza interprets the verse by placing the concept of reasonable arguments within the field of the Arabic language and its capacities because the holy word is a type of speech. Mulla Sadra and Gunabadi, on the other hand, are proponents of the inner meaning of the verses and view the Qur'an as a mystical word with a high meaning potential that requires revelation and spiritual internalization to comprehend. The conventional definition of Sharif al-Murtaza's work is a commentary built on logic and language that benefits from his knowledge of both languages and words. Nevertheless, according to Mulla Sadra and Gunabadi, this attempt to comprehend the meaning is more interpretation in applying the verse to multiple and even endless cases.

The problem of deduction in the science of principles of syntax has a great role in the argument of the syntactical issues in the process of construction of rules of language. Principles of syntax consist of hearing, deduction, consensus and intellectual association and dominate the science of syntax in the domain of Arabic linguistics. Deduction as the second source of the principles of syntax, after hearing (i.e. consideration of the heard and its induction) has been taken into account by the grammarians since time immemorial. Deductive approach or argument by deduction represents the reason based effort for legalization of the syntactical problems. The contributions of the great Iranian and non-Iranian grammarians to this problem as well as the efforts of two great scholars of syntax including Ibn Anbari (b. 577 A.H.) who has been himself the pioneer of the division of deduction into the deduction of cause, deduction by analogy and deduction by refutation in his Lumah Al-Adillah inspired us to engage in a descriptive-analytic study using the extant linguistic sources and data to assay and analyze a number of parallel syntactical discussions in Ibn Anbari’s Asrar Al-Arabyyah and Ibn Yayish of Mosul’s Sharh Al-Mufasal Zamakhshari (b. 643 A.H.). The findings of this study suggest that both scholars of syntax have explained the syntactical rules by way of deduction though Ibn Anbari despite of his being the inventor of the classification of deduction has almost used the deduction by analogy in his book which is of a lesser scientific value in the explanation of syntactical rules as compared to the deduction by cause. But Ibn Yayish has made use of the deduction by cause in his explanations and arguments and in a more powerful way. It needs to be mentioned that neither Ibn Anbari nor Ibn Yayish has noted the type of the deduction used. The author of the present essay has classified the ideas and debates of these two scholars based on different forms of deduction and preferred Ibn Yayish’s approach in view of its use of deduction by cause given its argumentative power in the explanation of syntactical rules over against Ibn Anbari’s deduction by analogy. Keywords: Science of Principles of Syntax, Deduction, Types of Cause (Cause, Analogy, Refutation), Ibn Anbari, Asrar Al Arabyah, Ibn Yayish, Sharh Al MufasalAssessment and Analysis of Types of Causes in Deduction (Cause, Analogy and Refutation) A Case Study of the Syntactical Views of Ibn Anbari in Asrar Al-Arabyah (Secrets of Arabic) and Ibn Yayish in Sharh Al Mufasal (Unabridged Commentary)AbstractThe problem of deduction in the science of principles of syntax has a great role in the argument of the syntactical issues in the process of construction of rules of language. Principles of syntax consist of hearing, deduction, consensus and intellectual association and dominate the science of syntax in the domain of Arabic linguistics. Deduction as the second source of the principles of syntax, after hearing (i.e. consideration of the heard and its induction) has been taken into account by the grammarians since time immemorial. Deductive approach or argument by deduction represents the reason based effort for legalization of the syntactical problems. The contributions of the great Iranian and non-Iranian grammarians to this problem as well as the efforts of two great scholars of syntax including Ibn Anbari (b. 577 A.H.) who has been himself the pioneer of the division of deduction into the deduction of cause, deduction by analogy and deduction by refutation in his Lumah Al-Adillah inspired us to engage in a descriptive-analytic study using the extant linguistic sources and data to assay and analyze a number of parallel syntactical discussions in Ibn Anbari’s Asrar Al-Arabyyah and Ibn Yayish of Mosul’s Sharh Al-Mufasal Zamakhshari (b. 643 A.H.). The findings of this study suggest that both scholars of syntax have explained the syntactical rules by way of deduction though Ibn Anbari despite of his being the inventor of the classification of deduction has almost used the deduction by analogy in his book which is of a lesser scientific value in the explanation of syntactical rules as compared to the deduction by cause. But Ibn Yayish has made use of the deduction by cause in his explanations and arguments and in a more powerful way. It needs to be mentioned that neither Ibn Anbari nor Ibn Yayish has noted the type of the deduction used. The author of the present essay has classified the ideas and debates of these two scholars based on different forms of deduction and preferred Ibn Yayish’s approach in view of its use of deduction by cause given its argumentative power in the explanation of syntactical rules over against Ibn Anbari’s deduction by analogy. Keywords: Science of Principles of Syntax, Deduction, Types of Cause (Cause, Analogy, Refutation), Ibn Anbari, Asrar Al Arabyah, Ibn Yayish, Sharh Al Mufasal

Music plays a prominent role in contemporary poetry's structure and arouses the emotions of the audience while enhancing the beauty of the verses. The undeniable connection between poetry and music is evident because the beauty and longevity of any poem depend on its utilization of music. With that in mind, Mahmoud Darvish and Qahar Aasi are among the poets who have shown special attention to this aesthetic element. In Darvish’s poems, there is an epic spirit, which characterizes as a guard/ weapon to protect the land of Palestine. Similarly, Aasi's recent poem, "From the Fire and the Silk", shows his patriotic spirit. Both of these poets have tried to integrate music in their poems to deliver the message to their audience in a more beautiful and attractive way. The current research examines the element of music in Mahmoud Darvish's poetry collection, "Almond Blossoms and Beyond", and Qahar Aasi’s collection "From the Fire and the Silk". Using a descriptive-analytical approach and precise statistical analysis of selected poems from both poets, the investigations indicate that they share common themes in their poetry, but the authors seek to illuminate the method of employing music in the poetry of these two poets and the harmony between music and its content. The results demonstrate differences in the utilization of music and its relationship with the content and subject matter of the poetry by the two poets. However, the connection between music, content, emotions, and thoughts is a matter that can always be observed in their poetry.

Analysis of critical speech as a new approach of speech analysis is a significant method in detecting the speech-based cosmology. Neon Van Dupek, one of the prominent theorists of critical speech analysis, emphasizing on this fact that speech-based cosmology (ideology) which has the capability to reflection in the language presents the quadrate theory of ideology. The term "ideology quadrate" composed of four sides emphasizing on our positive characteristics, negative features, paling our negative characteristics and other positive characteristics, makes clear the opposite characteristics of speech and justifies the polarization in the societies. Through descriptive-analytical method, in the present paper, it has been tried to study and analyze the conversation between Moses and Pharaoh which is a representation of Quran's data in order to detect the ideology reflection of conversation parties in the internal and external texture of text and deeply recognize the text layer as well as test the testability of this theory in Quran. The results of this study imply that the discourse of Pharaoh tries to distort the other-Moses-through applying various language forms. It is in contrast to Moses who presents a discourse based on my enhancement.

Link of linguistics with the literature analysis and review of it, especially literary text is very deep and intertwined. In between text linguistics and textuality factors such as cohesion is more important. The issue of cohesion was first raised by Holiday and Hassan. It can be approached to three levels; vocabulary, grammar, and phonetics; still given the breadth of the topic, the present paper focuses on phonetic level of few phonetic factors such as rhyme (Saje), parallelism (Muvazat), paronomasia (Jinas), Iltizam, Tarsie, and Tasdir. It has been tried to survey the effects of these factors in cohesion of some of Sura of the Holy Quran. It is notable that there is a paucity of studies on phonetic structure of the Holy Quran. Thereby, the mentioned factors were analyzed in some of the Sura (Qamar, Rahman, and Vaqia) through general induction reasoning. To this end, statistical data were used to measure frequency of each factor and their effect on cohesion of the text. As the findings recommended, rhyme, was the key factor in phonetic cohesion of the Sura and played key role in establishing relationship between the verses and general cohesion of the text. On the other hand, Tarsie had the least role in cohesion of the text. Phonetic factors Iltizam, parallelism, paronomasia, Tasdir is the next issues.

The present article aims to study and analyze Abdul Vahab Azzam’s translations in terms of style and structure along with his contributions in the field of Persian and Arabic language and literature. To be comprehensive in this research, a selection of his works has been investigated. To elaborate more on this subject, the viewpoints and translation style of Azzam, his translations of odes by such great Persian poets as Hafez, Molavi, EghbalLahori, Nezami, Atar Neyshaboori as well as his publications in Eastern languages are studied. In this research, a descriptive-analytical approach is used such that, first, it explores Azzam’s rare translated works in Arabic. Then, their structure and method is considered in relation to his translated critical papers and publications. Finally, the paper studies his translation of critical works in Persian and Arabic. The paper endeavors to indicate that Abdul Vahab Azzam, as one of the pioneers in the field of translation in Egypt, has taken remarkable measures in promoting and spreading the literature, culture, and civilization of Persians in Arabic through translation. By acquiring the principles of translation and employing his poetic talent, according to many theorists of the Arab world, he has appeared successful in translating Persian works into Arabic. Azzam’s poetic translations in transferring feelings and affections along with words and meanings have given value and importance to Azzam.

Adie bin Zaid is one of the Christian poets in the period of ignorance. He was a writer and ambassador in Sassanid Court and since early age he was fluent in both Persian and Arabic. This poet did not say anything about ignorance poems. There is no eulogy in his collection and proud and phoneme are in some of their couplets. He was the pioneer and the foremost in using khamr as in independent art and in this area. Poets such as Asha and Akhtal followed him. He also surpassed in fictional and etezariyat poems other poets of the age of ignorance. Adie bin Zaid is counted as innovator because of his recreation in goals, forms and ignorant poetic content. His poems in most of odes have new meanings and far away from imitation. The current paper tries to study this innovative poet especially with reference to his poetic goal, forms and contents.

one of the knowledge which has a close relationship with Quran is Nahv (grammar) knowledge. Although it has originated from Quran, it is a main factor for discovering and interpreting it. Among categories of this knowledge, phonology of Quran (I’rab) has its special place. That is, if Nahv is considered as the pillar of Quranic knowledge, I’rab will be its abridgment. That is why many scholars have researched this area and have attempted to preserve the language of this scripture through creating valuable works in this field. Studies on I’rab of Quran and prominent scholars in this field show that Nahhas and Okbari are among the greatest scholars whose theories are distinguished in interpretation and Nahv books. Therefore, the present study is to introduce Nahha’s ‘Irab al-Quran’ and Okbari’s ‘Emla’o ma Manna behe al-Rahman’ and to consider their writing method. It also compares their content with each other. Since Okbari lived two centuries after Nahhas, these two books have some differences besides their several similarities such as studying I’rab of Quran from the beginning and based on the sequences of the Surahs. In this research, samples of difference in three areas of I’rab, reading and verification are provided