ahmadhosein sharifi

Explanation along with interpretive and critical approaches are three methods used in humanities and social sciences. Out of these three, explanation as a means to discover the causes of something is the most significant and most used in those disciplines of science. Because those disciplines are preceded by the definition and description of man’s actions on which the predictions and action-control depend. Rational choice theory is one of the most important and most celebrated methods introduced by Karl Popper as a master key to open all human sciences.
In this article, the authors are seeking for a substitute for that theory as per the strong principles of transcendent theosophy through a descriptive-analytic method. They have thus hope to take a step forward in the course of Islamicization of humanities. Noting direct factors of actions (conception, assent, longing, and intense longing) and indirect factors (such as body, education, social institutes and structures), they want to show that in the light of transcendent theosophy, transcendental voluntary choice theory is precise and comprehensive for the explanation of man’s actions..

In this essay, the authors have gone to show what capacities there are in Mulla Sadra's school of philosophy for the methodology of political philosophy, particularly the explanation method. In order to answer this question, the authors have first illustrated the aims and functions of political sciences through a philosophical-analytical method, and then studied the methodological capacities of Sadraian system of metaphysics in each of the functions of political sciences.     Some achievements of this research are as the following: 1- viewing a variety of its conceptual definitions, Mulla Sadra's transcendental philosophy has a good deal of capacity in the methodology of definition of abstract concepts of political philosophy. 2- Having embraced the rational interpretation i.e. suggesting abstract and intellectual meanings for political activities, one should come to propose an interpretation of the same activities as divine action, too. 3- Considering the principle of unity within multiplicity and vice versa in the plurality of causes, a researcher of political philosophy may not only explain the plural aspect of causes, but also their unity one. 4- Due to the rational approach in political philosophy, there is no room for prediction i.e. emperical futurology in that field of knowledge. 5- In the position of political activity assessment, a Muslim researcher is expected to consider the Islamic aims and genuine values in order to propose his assessment in the world of politics .

Organizational silence is one of the emerging issues in the field of ethics and organizational behavior management. Most of the existing writings, having thought its moral falsity as something established, have sought to analyze the causes and factors. The present paper, disagreeing the presupposition and being inspired by the "processional method of exploring Islamic theory", seeks to discover its moral decree from the point of view of Islam. As concluded in the paper, organizational silence is neither good nor bad in itself, but its goodness lies in (1) serving as a support for the Islamic community and the dignity of the Muslims; (2) being done on the basis of a pious approach; (3) not conflicting with the principle of consultation; (4) not being in conflict with responsibility. (5) It also does not violate such notable norms as "justice" and "being against oppression". And in the case of "husni faili" and, as a result, "moral goodness", it may be taken as performed for the purpose of divine revelation and religious duty.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate how the four mystical journeys influenced the analysis and explanation of the political thought of Islam and investigates the political thought based on Mulla Sadra’s opinions with a mystical approach and with a view to the Asfar Arbaa (four journeys). This study applies descriptive-analytic method while describing Asfar Arbaa, to investigate the rational-intuitive achievements of each journey in the political thought of Islam. The findings show that the four mystical journeys can, firstly, be the basis for determining the purpose of politics, the characteristics of the rulers and the political management method based on Islam’s viewpoint; secondly, it explains and describes that what is the ruling law in the Islamic society and who is the ruler of the society; and, thirdly, defines the duties of the rulers and the public as the two main pillars of politics in the Islamic political system.

Explanation and discovering the causes and factors of the human actions are the most important issue in the humanities. Scientific Philosophers have expressed different models for explanation in the social sciences and humanities. "Rational choice" is one of the most famous types of explanation which has been expressed in different methods and models. This article seeks to answer the question, "How Is rational choice model based on the Sadra’s philosophy and whether it can be used as a justified and efficient model to explain human actions?" For this purpose, First, using the descriptive - analytical method, we describe and illustrate the rational choice model as a way to explain human actions; and then using critical- analysis method to express weaknesses and defections of this model and show that the Sadra’s model (as like as other models of rational explanation) for the neglecting of external, structural and underlying reasons of human actions and also because imagining necessary causes as sufficient cause and linear and unidirectional look in analysis of human actions, cannot be considered as a comprehensive, justified and efficient model for explanation of human actions.

Theorizing, as the highest level of knowledge, depends on a group of underlying factors in the theorist itself, his time and space requirements and surroundings. The main question of the paper is that what is the role of ethics (Including virtues and vices) and the firm characteristics of the theorist in the process of the production of science and theorization? With the help of descriptive-analytical method, that is, referring to religious texts and rational analyzes, we have shown that the ethics of the theorist plays the role at least on the three main stages from the various stages of the production of the science include: (1) problemology or problem-finding, (2) the science’s teleology or targeting, and (3) the process of the discovering and understanding the reality. It has also been shown that this role-playing is merely grounded, not more, and it has also become clear that this role-playing never implies the acceptance of the normative or meta-normal relativism about knowledge.