ali asilian

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare soft tissue sarcomas, that impact approximately 0.001% of the population. Individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) have a 10% lifetime risk of developing these tumors, which account for up to 50% of all MPNST cases. A 49-year-old woman with diffuse NF1 was examined for a painful, growing, and hemorrhagic ankle lesion that had existed from the age of two. The mass was excised using Mohs surgery, and the pathology revealed a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. This study presented a case of neurofibromatosis type 1, which was distinguished by a rare extent of lesion involvement throughout the body. The emergence of such a tumor in this condition is infrequent, even according to existing literature, making it a remarkable observation for expert dermatologists.

Isotretinoin is the primary treatment for moderate to severe acne vulgaris. Recently, combining an antihistamine with this medication has received attention. Researchers investigated the presence of H1 receptors and evaluated the impact of antihistamines on cellular squalene levels. They investigated how antihistamines affected cultured sebocytes and discovered that these medications were efficient anti-inflammatory agents that reduced lipogenesis in sebocytes. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of combination therapy with isotretinoin and desloratadine to isotretinoin alone for treating acne. In this randomized clinical trial, 60 patients with moderate to severe acne vulgaris were randomly assigned to receive either 20 mg of isotretinoin alone every other day (group 1) or combination therapy including isotretinoin (20 mg/ every other day) and desloratadine (5 mg/ every day) (group 2) for 6 months. A t-test was used to examine and compare the improvement in acne severity (GAGS Score), which was assessed by a blinded dermatologist, and side effects before and 24 weeks after treatment. The study included 56 patients. The mean GAGS Score (Acne Severity) for groups 1 and 2 was 24.93 ± 6.19 and 25.04 ± 5.39, respectively (P = 0.945). After 6 months of treatment, it decreased to 7.00 ± 2.76 in group 1 versus 4.85 ± 3.15 in group 2 (P = 0.019). The trend of changes in GAGS score was significantly different between the two treatment regimens (P = 0.006). Dermatologists observed no significant difference in improvement rates between the two groups after 6 months of therapy (88.36% versus 90.31%; P = 0.609). Regarding side effects, there was a significant difference between the two groups after 6 months (P = 0.05). Adding desloratadine to isotretinoin was a more effective and safer therapeutic approach in treating acne vulgaris than isotretinoin alone, resulting in a more significant reduction in acne severity.

Hair loss, which is known as telogen effluvium (TE), was reported in COVID-19 patients both during and after their recovery.

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease with unclear pathophysiology. Although diverse medications have been applied, a paucity of knowledge is accessible regarding the use of corticosteroids for psoriasis management. We evaluated the efficacy of corticosteroid pulse therapy in combination with methotrexate versus methotrexate alone for psoriasis treatment. This cohort study was conducted on 51 hospitalized patients with erythrodermic or pustular psoriasis who were assigned to one of the therapeutic interventions of subcutaneous methotrexate alone (n = 33) or in combination with betamethasone pulse therapy (n = 18). The first group was treated with weekly 15 mg subcutaneous methotrexate for six weeks, and the second group received a similar dose of methotrexate plus 3 mg oral betamethasone weekly. The patients were followed for six months and assessed regarding the disease remission, relapses, the interval between the medication and relapse incidence, and patient satisfaction with the regimens. The studied groups were similar regarding gender (P = 0.296), age(P = 0.561), and the type of cutaneous lesions (P = 0.807). Six months follow-up of the two therapeutic interventions revealed insignificant differences in terms of early response to the treatment (P = 0.993), the incidence (P = 0.142) and frequency of relapses (P = 0.928), and the interval period between the treatment and relapse (P = 0.213). Besides, the patients’ treatment satisfaction did not differ between the groups (P = 0.453). Based on this study, combining methotrexate and lowdose corticosteroid pulse therapy does not lead to better outcomes than methotrexate alone for managing pustular and erythrodermic psoriasis. Further studies are strongly recommended.

Composite hemangioendothelioma (CHE) is a rare and little-known condition with combined benign, intermediate, and malignant features. In the current study, we describe the case of a young female with the presentations of CHE, representing the second known case in Iran. Also, we have comprehensively reviewed previous case reports of CHE. A 30-year-old female was referred with a reddish hemorrhagic painless mass in the small right finger that appeared within a few days following trauma. The mass was primarily excised but recurred within three weeks; therefore, she underwent thorough clinical, laboratory, and imaging studies. Finally, the lesions were biopsied and diagnosed as CHE. Accordingly, the involved finger was amputated, and the patient underwent chemoradiotherapy. Although CHE is a rare malignant condition worldwide, attention to the clinical presentations of this malignancy can help scientists make better therapeutic approaches leading to the best outcomes.

Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is an autosomal recessive disorder that affects type VII collagen, one of the main components of the basement membrane. Patients present with non-healing chronic wounds in the body, extremities, and mucosal areas. There are many suggestive medical and surgical treatments, but most are ineffective. In this case, we discuss a new laserassisted surgical protocol for these types of patients. A 54-year-old male patient was suffering from RDEB with large, excruciating, non-healing wounds on his extremities dating ten months, with no reasonable improvement, despite receiving intensive wound care. After ruling out other diagnoses (particularly malignancies), treatment was performed with a fractional Er:YAG laser for a single session. After four weeks of follow-up, the patient showed significant improvement, with no considerable complications reported. Fractional ablative Er:YAG laser could be an effective treatment option in RDEB patients. Clinical trials are required with long-term follow-ups for this novel treatment approach.

Lymphangioma is an unusual congenital malformation of the lymphatic system that affects the skin and subcutaneous tissue. A surgical procedure is among the options for lymphangioma treatment, although it can lead to significant complications. The Nd:YAG Laser appears to be one of the safest therapeutic options rarely proposed to treat oral cavity lesions. This paper comprehensively reviewed the studies published from 2010 to date on the treatment of cutaneous and mucosal lymphangioma with different types of lasers. In the current report, an 18-yearold female presented with a lymphangiomatous lesion on the tongue diagnosed through a pathologic study. The patient initiallyunderwent three sessions of pulsed-dye laser (PDL) therapy that evoked an insignificant response. Therefore, the approach was changed to long-pulsed Nd:YAG laser therapy, and a dramatic response was observed within three sessions of the treatment.

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a widely recognized autoimmune blistering disease (AIBD) linked with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the available findings of randomized clinical trial studies to update interventions for Bullous pemphigoid.

This article provides an updated overview of interventions for BP. A literature search was performed using Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science from August 2010 to December 2020. All randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were done on adults and investigated the effectiveness of administered topical or systemic medications versus placebos or controls included in the current systematic review. Three RCTs comprising 363 patients were included in the systematic review. One of the eligible studies was placebo-controlled. All of the included studies used various interventions including, methylprednisolone plus azathioprine versus methylprednisolone plus dapsone, doxycycline versus prednisolone, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).

Following their potentials in disease control, no difference was observed between dapsone and azathioprine; although, dapsone had a higher corticosteroid-sparing potential. The evaluation of the effect of doxycycline in short-term blister control in comparison to corticosteroids showed that the medication was not inferior to prednisolone, although it had a higher long-term safety.

Therapeutic outcome of IVIG for steroid-resistant patients was satisfactory. Moreover, the effectiveness and reliability of various immunosuppressive drugs and tetracyclines are investigated by blinded RCTs for the treatment of BP.

Bleomycin is used for the treatment of warts. However, only its injected form can be used due to systemic use side effects, and plantar warts have a high recurrence rate following administration of bleomycin tattooing alone. To find an effective alternative with fewer side effects, we decided to investigate the effectiveness of bleomycin tattooing combined with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and shaving in the management of treatment-resistant plantar warts.
The patients with treatment-resistant plantar warts entered the present quasi-experimental study. the wart site was shaved ahead of bleomycin tattooing and TCA peeling. This treatment was provided at one-month intervals and was repeated a maximum of four times. Patients were followed for six months after completion of the therapy. Finally, the patients’ data were completed according to photographs (monthly photos taken of lesions) and careful examinations.
The present study involved 56 patients with a mean age of 25.75 ± 12.22 years. Twelve patients (21.4%) recovered after the first treatment; 14 (25%) needed the second treatment, 12 (21.4%) needed the third, 10 (17.9%) the fourth, and eight (14.3%) did not recover after the fourth treatment. The recovery rate was 21.4% with one, 45.4% with two, 66.8% with three, and 85.7% with four treatment sessions.
The combination treatment of bleomycin plus TCA and shaving led to a remarkable recovery from treatment-resistant plantar warts (21.4% recovery with the first treatment session and up to 85.7% recovery after four sessions). The treatment included tattooing and local injections, leaving few side effects.

Becker’s nevus syndrome (BNS) is a benign hamartoma that is aesthetically bothersome and usually appears during puberty. Various modalities of laser therapy alone or in combination with other medications can be used for the treatment of BNS, but no unified approach with an acceptable response is yet available. The current study aimed to compare the outcomes of Q-switched ruby 694 nm laser (QSRL) alone and in combination with 4% topical flutamide for the management of BNS.

The current randomized clinical trial was conducted on twenty-two BNS patients between 2016-2018. The patients were randomly allocated to treatment with QSRL 694 nm alone (group A) versus in combination with 4% topical flutamide (group B). The QSRL was administered twice with four-week intervals for both groups, while group B was also administered topical flutamide 4% twice a day for eight weeks. The treatment outcomes were assessed and compared at baseline and then within 4 and 8 weeks of commencing the interventions.

The evaluation of the two groups in terms of lesion size alterations, response to treatment, and patients' satisfaction showed insignificant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). In addition, neither approach A (P=0.33) nor approach B (P=0.46) led to remarkable changes in lesion color.

Based on the findings of the current study, the use of QSRL alone or even in combination with topical 4% flutamide was not suitable for the management of BNS lesions.

The purpose of this study is to compare oral betamethasone pulse therapy, methotrexate therapy and a combination of the two for patients with Alopecia Areata (AA) as an autoimmune disorder. In this study, 36 patients with severe AA were selected and classified into three groups of 12: 1- Oral betamethasone therapy (3 mg, once a week) with placebo; 2- Oral methotrexate (15 mg, once a week) with placebo; and 3- A combination of methotrexate (15 mg, once a week) and betamethasone (3 mg, once a week). The Severity Alopecia Tool (SALT) was used to measure improvements in the lesions through photographs, and the patients also rated their condition on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Assessments were performed, and the results were compared at baseline and then at intervals of three months for nine months. The demographics and SALT score were similar in the three groups (P > 0.05). All the groups showed improvements in SALT, VAS and photographic scores three months after beginning the treatment (P < 0.001). Betamethasone therapy (P = 0.006) and combination therapy (P < 0.001) provided greater SALT improvement than methotrexate, and combination therapy led to a greater improvement in VAS and photographic findings compared to the two other groups (P < 0.05).Oral steroid, methotrexate and combination pulse therapy were effective treatments for AA, while oral steroid pulse therapy and combination therapy were superior to methotrexate.

Patients admitted in especial units such as coronary care unit (CCU) require intensive care for different aspects including skin problems. Here in this report we aimed to perform a survey on different skin lesions in patients admitted in CCU by the time of admission and when discharging.

In this cross-sectional study, we had a survey on 200 patients admitted in CCU in AL-Zahra hospital, Isfahan. A dermatologist observed and examined each patients for any skin lesions by the time of admission and when discharging from CCU.

Here we showed that 15 percent of patients admitted in CCU have at least one skin lesion and also we indicated that seborrhea dermatitis and then rosacea have the most prevalence by the time of admission in CCU. Other skin lesions were acute skin failure. We also showed that prevalence of bed sore and pressure sores increased amazingly during admission.

Rosacea, seborrhea dermatitis and drug allergic reactions after pressure sores are the most frequent skin lesions in CCU and there might be an association between rosacea and cardiovascular diseases.

This study aimed to compare the survival in serial autologous fat transfer between frozen and fresh fat among patients referred for face rejuvenation.

In a clinical trial study, 60 volunteer patients for fat injection in the nasolabial region were divided into two groups of 30. In the first group, fresh fat was removed from the inner thigh, and 3 cc was injected on both sides of the nasolabial fold. 3 to 4 weeks later, subsequent injections were performed in the same way. In the second group, the amount of fat required for 4 sessions of injection was removed from the inner thigh, and 3 cc was injected in the first time; the rest of the fat was frozen at -20° C and during the next times, after defrosting in place, was injected in nasolabial region. The shelf life of adipose tissue was determined and compared between the two groups 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 months after injection.

Comparison of changes in facial wrinkle assessment score (MFWS) before and 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 months after surgery did not show any significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.37). The overall percentage of adipose tissue reduction during 15 months after injection was 0.59 ± 0.13 percent in the fresh fat injection group and 0.61 ± 0.11 percent in the frozen fat injection group with no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.73).

</em>Due to the fact that survival injected fat is not differ between the two methods of injecting fresh and frozen fat, the use of frozen fat seems to be preferable for rejuvenation of the skin due to one-time fat removal and lower operating costs.

Keratosis rubra pilaris is a common condition with an estimated percentage of 40% involvement in the population. This condition is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and more commonly involves patients with dry skin. In the current study, we evaluated the efficacy of intense pulsed light (IPL) plus ammonium lactate versus ammonium lactate alone in the treatment of keratosis pilaris.

A total of 50 patches were selected in 10 patients. If there were two similar patches with the same color and same location, each of them was randomized to receive ammonium lactate (Kerapil cream®) or ammonium lactate (Kerapil cream®) +IPL. Treatment was performed for 3 months, and improvement was rated by physicians and patients one month and two months after the intervention.

The grade of improvement in the IPL + ammonium lactate was not significantly higher than ammonium lactate alone group as rated by blinded physicians at week 4 (P > 0.05). However, the score of improvement was also higher, as rated by the patients, in the IPL + ammonium lactate versus ammonium lactate alone (P < 0.05) at week 8.

Our results demonstrated that addition of IPL to ammonium lactate could improve the clinical response of keratosis pilaris lesions.

Becker’s nevus is a type of cutaneous hamartoma that occurs as a brown hyperpigmented patch with irregular borders. The exact pathogenesis of Becker’s nevus is not clear, but hormonal disturbances might play a triggering role. Q-switched lasers have demonstrated favorable effects on improving hyperpigmentation lesions; however, following using a Q-switched laser, the nevus usually reoccurs.

In this study, we described a 24-year-old female patient with Becker’s nevus treated with Q-switched ruby laser (694 nm) whose lesion recovered without any complications or recurrence. The patient had rheumatoid arthritis and has been taking oral methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, and prednisolone for ten years.

Although hyperpigmentation has reported following laser therapy, our patient did not develop any pigmentation, and the lesion did not recur, which can be due to her concurrent drugs, suggesting the role of the immune system in recurrence of Backer’s nevus.

Bullous pemphigoid is one of the most common autoimmune blistering diseases. Incidence of bullous pemphigoid has been estimated 4 new cases per 100000, but new studies show that the incidence rate is increasing. The disease typically happens in the elderly people usually after 70 years. Annual mortality rate for bullous pemphigoid is reported up to 40%. The aim of this study was to evaluate epidemiological features of bullous pemphigoid in center of Iran. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Alzahra hospital in Isfahan City. 69 patients with bullous pemphigoid hospitalized during the years 2008-2016 were studied. 59.45% of the patients were women. The mean and standard deviation of age was 68 ± 13 and 72 ± 14 years in woman and men, respectively (P = 0.01). Mucosal involvement was seen in 55.4%., and the most common underlying disease was hypertension (23.6%). 15.4% of women and 3.7% of men used furosemide, and the most commonly prescribed drugs were antihistamine (98%), antibiotics (97%), and topical (91%) and systemic (88.4%) corticosteroids, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the dose of prednisolone was 54 ± 12 mg per day. Rise in serum blood sugar was reported in 30% of patients, and 3.6% of men and 15% of women needed intensive care unit (ICU) admission. 42.9% of men and 44.4% of women had relapse after discharge, and 38.64% of patients died during one-year follow-up. It seems that patients with bullous pemphigoid need careful follow up, especially during treatment, and at least for one year, because of their age (> 60), underlying diseases, type of treatment (corticosteroid use), and high mortality and relapsing rates in the first year after diagnosis.

Branchio‑oculo‑facial syndrome (BOFS), a rare, multiple‑malformation congenital disorder, is characterized by facial anomalies, including associated cutaneous and ocular abnormalities. We report a new case of BOFS in an 11‑year‑old male child with bilateral cervical erythematous scaly linear plaque associated with scar formation and erosion. Although BOFS is very rare, physicians, especially dermatologists, should be aware of the cutaneous and histopathological features of BOFS due to impacts of the associated anomalies.

Acne scar is one of the most common skin diseases, and although there are many treatments available, these treatments have complications and problems. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of acne scar pealing with salicylic acid 30% in polyethylene glycol vehicle. In this randomized clinical trial study, 32 patients with scar following acne that did not respond to medication therapy were included. Patients were divided into two groups of placebo (not treated with peeling and received only medication) and intervention (under peeling with 30% salicylic acid at polyethylene glycol vehicle for 4 sessions over a period of 6 weeks). Weighing the severity of their lesions was done before the intervention, using weighted scale, and after treatment using the quartile grading scale. Findings: There was no significant difference in the depth of the weighted scale before the intervention between the two groups (P = 0.37). After intervention, there was a significant difference between the two groups based on quartile grading scale, so that the recovery rate in the intervention group was better than placebo (P = 0.01). In the intervention group, 25% of the patients had at least one drug complication that had a significant difference with placebo group (P = 0.03). Salicylic acid is not only effective in the treatment of acne, but has also been used to improve the acne scar.

Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune disorder, which appears as a mucosal intracutaneous blister. The disease prevalence is different in various countries and regions. Therefore, identification of the prevalence and characteristics of patients with this disease in different climates can be useful in initiating early treatment and management, and reducing the mortality. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of Pemphigus vulgaris in Isfahan City, Iran during a ten-year period. In this descriptive retrospective study, 114 patients with Pemphigus vulgaris who were admitted in Alzahra hospital in Isfahan during the years of 2006-2017 were studied. Demographic, clinical, and paraclinical data were recorded, and the results were reported using SPSS software. Findings: Of 114 patients, 78 (68.4%) were women and (31.6%) 36 were men, with a mean age of 49.15 ± 12.55 years. Type of the lesion was mucosal and vegetative in 14.9%, cutaneous in 24.4%, and both mucosal and cutaneous in 60.5%. In addition, the prevalence of this disease in the spring and summer was 31.6% and 27.2%, respectively. Most patients were treated with prednisolone and Azaram drugs, which were associated with complications in 17.8%; but eventually all patients recovered and no mortality occurred during this assessment. According to the results of the study, the prevalence of this disease in women was more than men, and most of them appeared in spring and summer as cutaneous-mucosal manifestations. Therefore, it seems that more research is needed on the prevalence of this disease and its manifestations, the season of more prevalence, and successful treatments.

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a chronic autoimmune blistering disease of the skin, in which loss of adhesion between keratinocytes is caused by autoantibodies. It has been hypothesized that cytokines play an essential role in the pathogenesis of PV. This study aimed to investigate the other immunopathological aspects of PV by determining the serum levels of cytokines in PV patients to find another treatment strategy except corticosteroid therapy. Twenty-three patients with PV and a control group consisting of 24 healthy subjects were studied. Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL10, IL-12, IL-17 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) were measured in the sera of patients by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-17 and IFN-γ in most patients and controls were undetectable. The serum concentrations of IL-10 in the patients and controls were undetectable, nevertheless, the mean serum levels of this cytokine was 64.375 pg/mL in four patients. The mean serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 increased significantly in the patients, compared to the controls (169.50 vs. 75.62 pg/mL) (P

Different studies undertaken in the animal modeling show that Interferon-gamma deficiency impairs healing process of Leishmania infection. It seems that the level of Interferon-gamma production could also affect the healing duration of Leishmania lesion in humans. The current study aims to investigate the possibility of Interferon-gamma application for recognition of cases afflicted by non-healing Leishmaniasis.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 32 patients, who were afflicted by healing or non-healing Leishmaniasis, were isolated and the levels of interferon-gamma were determined, using ELISA method. Afterwards, the cut-off point of interferon-gamma to identify patients afflicted by non-healing Leishmaniasis was calculated through ROC-Curve analysis. Furthermore, Leishmanin Skin Test (LST) was performed for every patient.
Levels of Interferon-gamma produced by PBMCs stimulated with Soluble Leishmania Antigen (SLA) or Phytohemaglotinine were significantly higher in healing patients, compared with non-healing individuals (p Discussion and Interferon-gamma deficiency could be considered as one of the causative factors in non-healing Leishmaniasis in humans. In fact, Interferon-gamma deficiency can identify some patients afflicted by non-healing Leishmaniasis.

Proteus syndrome is a rare sporadic disorder that appears with localized macrosomia, congenital lipomatosis, and slow flow vascular malformations, connective tissue nevus, and epidermal nevus. There are usually some manifestations at birth. The vascular abnormalities that have been reported in Proteus syndrome are capillary and slow flow venous malformation. We report a case of a 10-year-old boy with confirmed Proteus syndrome characterized by high flow vascular malformation (arteriovenous [AV] malformation) unlike the usual vascular malformations seen in this syndrome. This case adds a new perspective to the established clinical findings of the Proteus syndrome.

Lichen planopilaris is an inflammatory cicatricial alopecia, and its management is a challenge for dermatologists. We aimed to compare the effcacy of methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine on refractory lichen planopilaris.
In a randomized clinical trial, 29 patients were randomly allocated to receive either 15 mg methotrexate/week or 200 mg hydroxychloroquine twice a day for 6 months. Side effects, symptoms/signs, and laboratory tests were assessed periodically. Lichen Planopilaris Activity Index (LPPAI) was measured before intervention and at 2, 4, and 6 months after. The changes from baseline to the end of the study were analyzed within each group and between the two groups by per‑protocol and intention‑to‑treat analysis.
After 2 months, mean (standard deviation [SD]) decrease in LPPAI in methotrexate group was signifcantly more than that in hydroxychloroquine group (1.68 [1.24] vs. 0.8 [0.71], respectively, P = 0.047). Furthermore, after 6 months, mean (SD) decrease in LPPAI in methotrexate group was signifcantly higher than that in hydroxychloroquine group (3.3 [2.09] vs. 1.51 [0.91], respectively, P = 0.01). The following symptoms/signs showed signifcant improvements in frequency and/or severity in methotrexate group after intervention: pruritus (P = 0.007), erythema (P = 0.01), perifollicular erythema (P = 0.01), perifollicular scaling (P = 0.08), spreading (P = 0.001), and follicular keratosis (P = 0.04). In hydroxychloroquine group, only erythema (P = 0.004) showed signifcant improvement.
Methotrexate was more effective than hydroxychloroquine in treating refractory lichen planopilaris.

Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a common problem occurs following many dermatologic diseases and medical interventions. Different modalities including topical agents, lasers and intense pulsed light (IPL) are suggested for treatment of the post‑burn PIH. In the current study, we evaluated the efficacy of IPL plus modified Kligman cream (MODIFIED KLIGMAN CREAM) versus MODIFIED KLIGMAN CREAM alone in the treatment of the post‑burn PIH.

This was a randomized, non‑blinded clinical trial. A total of 53 patches of post‑burn PIP in 14 patients were randomized to receive either two sessions of IPL plus modified Kligman formula or kligman formula for 2 months. The patients were recommended to apply MODIFIED KLIGMAN CREAM cream for 12 h at night.

According to our results, the patients in the MODIFIED KLIGMAN CREAM + IPL group had higher satisfaction as compared with MODIFIED KLIGMAN CREAM alone (P = 0.000) (Mann–Whitney test). In addition, according to physician evaluation, the patients in the MODIFIED KLIGMAN CREAM + IPL group had higher satisfaction as compared with MODIFIED KLIGMAN CREAM alone (P = 0.000) (Mann–Whitney test). No side effects except a little irritation, erythema and exfoliation due to MODIFIED KLIGMAN CREAM cream were seen in the patients.

The results of our study showed the better efficacy and faster response of the IPL plus modified Kligman formula versus modified Kligman formula in the treatment of the post‑burn PIH. To better determine the efficacy of IPL in treatment of the post‑burn PIP, more extensive studies as randomized, double‑blinded clinical trial are recommended.

Strontium, zinc, and potassium salts have been demonstrated to inhibit irritation and infl ammation when applied topically. Particularly, strontium chloride (SC) and potassium nitrate (KN) are reported to reduce skin and tooth sensitivity.The aim of the present study was to compare the anti-irritant eff ects of four inorganic salts and assign the ingredient which can suppress skin irritation due to chemical or environmental exposure, more eff ectively. We compared the anti-infl ammatory eff ects of SC, strontium nitrate (SN), KN, and zinc chloride (ZC).
This double-blind trial was conducted on 32 healthy volunteers with sensitive skin. Irritation was induced by 24 h and exposure with 1.0% sodium lauryl sulfate on arms.Treatments were applied by an ointment of SN, SC hexahydrate, KN, and ZC and their 1%, 3%, and 5% (w/v) concentrations were prepared. The dosage was twice daily for 6 days to the irritated areas. Skin reactions were evaluated instrumentally.
SC had a benefi cial eff ect that was signifi cant overall. All other treatments exert a protective eff ect in skin barrier function but not significantly. With the exception of ZC, all test substances improved skin hydration but the eff ect of SC was signifi cant. In respect of colorimetric assessment, all treatments, excluding ZC, reduced erythema significantly compared with an untreated control 7 days after treatment start. Th ere was no support for a dose-response eff ect.
Analysis of the biometric measurements revealed that the strontium salts are best, not treating is worst, and there is little diff erence between the other treatments. Hence, the skin care products containing SC and SN may reduce the signs and symptoms of irritant contact dermatitis.