ali karimi firoozjaei

Today, paisley is a symbol found in Iran’s and some other countries’ artistic discourse.There are controversies about the origin of this symbol. It has been said that it is derived from cedar, pine, fire, etc. Now paisley has gone to culture and has produced discourse and identity there.Today, this symbol has penetrated the borders and has been drawn from the national discourse to the international one. Paisley belongs to cultural and mythological experiences and when it is studied from the narrative point of view, it is clear that it has a mythological origin and creates a narration and a discourse. The research questions are: how does paisley maintain its narrative position within the discourses? How does it develop its discourse role and function? How has it been able to reach from the national discourse to the international one? In other words, how has it gained its discourse legitimacy to transfer itself to other cultures? In order to answer the questions the semiotic approach of discourse was chosen to show the value position of paisley, as well as analyzing the conditions of its narrative development within multiple discourses. The results indicated that paisley in artistic social systems preserves its value in addition to transforming it through producing movement. Paisley achieves its identity not by change but by stability. By producing imagination paisley forms a dialogue between nature and culture, so it links its value with myth and imagination. As a result, it moves from a national position to an international one.

The use of technology-based instructions and treatment tools to compensate for deficiencies in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is evidently increasing. The present study that performed during 2021-2022 was a systematic review and meta-analysis concerning the efficacy of digital technologies in improving the deficient communication skills in language learners with ASD. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. The results revealed that the overall effect size (Cohen’s d) was 0.12 for both fixed effect model and random-effect model (z = 1.155, p >0.05). The effect size was statistically non-significant. We also considered Magnitudes of Cohen’s d fixed at 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 which commonly accepted for small, medium and large quantities. Again, the result approached the small magnitude (1.12 > 0.2). Despite estimation of variances of effect sizes across studies (Q index, I2 and T2 values) approved homogeneity in study results, due to small number of studies included in this meta-analysis they\ results may not be generalizable (Q= 8.780, I= 0.00, T= 0.00, p> 0.05). For future comparisons, we therefore recommend use of more evidence-based experimental studies with modifications in their technology devices to secure higher statistical gains. We also recommend considering moderator variables which affected the effect size of included publications consisting age, IQ level, treatment durations and validity rate of technology devices.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of computer-mediated instruction (CMI) on conversation skills of low-functioning autistic students studying at seventh grade in pre-secondary education in comparison to textbook instruction (TI).

This study was a mixed-method study with a single subject design. The study population was selected from specific schools for autistic students with higher levels of teachability during academic year 1400-1401. Among them, six students were selected through purposive sampling. To select the homogeneous students, the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (2004), Second Edition (KABC-II) was used. These students were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Each student in experimental group distinctly received four sessions of CMI. Students in control group similarly passed through the phases of the study using TI.

Results demonstrated significant increases in the variables: sentence imitation, diagnosis of characters’ roles and diagnosis of setting in experimental in comparison to control group. The follow-up posttest results showed the permanency of this effect. Qualitative analysis of the parents’ responses to interview questions revealed the effectiveness of CMI on increasing motivation in students’ participation in English conversations.

Considering the deficits of autistic students in conversation skills as a social communication and the positive effects of CMI in this study on their English conversation skills and their motivation in engagement in conversations, the implication of the CMI may be recommended for teaching EFL conversation skills to autistic students.

The purpose of the semiotics of discourse approach is to achieve meaning through communicating between semantic and differentiating units at the macro level. This article examines how meaning produced and received in "Wuthering Heights". Discourse systems are either action-based or state-based, respectively, which are the generators of cognitive and emotional discourse systems, respectively. In this novel, the dominant discourse system is cognitive because the action is more sensible than state. Heathcliff and Catherine (two main characters) create the dominant love state and the main revenge action. Heathcliff, the main actant, gains the necessary mental, physical and financial competences and performs the action with a predetermined program. The actant reaches the evaluation and value stage by going through the qualifying, main and glorifying test. The value presented to these two characters is not financial, but a transcendent value in the name of love. Although, there are other discourse systems in the novel; emotional discourse system, different emotional states appear in several stages of the novel and Incidental discourse system: the presence of opposing systems such as birth and death is justified with no discourse except Incidental discourse system.

 The study investigates the phenomenon of globalization and its relevance to changing the first names of university students to see the tendency of new identity in both sexes and to identify the motivations of changing according to socio-onomastic approach. The method is descriptive - analytic and the second name was examined by 459 of university students in Tehran. The findings indicated that among those who changed their names were 22.5 % of the boys and 77.5 % of the girls . The male students are more likely to belong to the national identity and female students to the transnational identity . The male students have often changed their names from ancient religious names to a new one or a national identity but Female students have changed their religious and national names to transnational identity and it shows significant differences. And also Among the motivations stated among the male and girl students respectively , personal interest ( intrinsic motivation ) and promotion of prestige ( external motivation ) was the most important factor. This study showed that sociolinguistics and especially socio-onomastic is capable of observing social transformations including identity changes and is able to reach to the answer of both linguists and sociologists questions. Identity transformation and Changing the Person’s Name; Observing Social Changes in the Field of Social Onomastics ABSTRACT This study investigates the phenomenon of globalization and its relevance to changing the names of university students to see the tendency of new identity in both sexes and to identify the motivations of changing the names according to the field of onomastics. The population of the study is the students of the university of tehran .The research is quantitative survey with descriptive approach and the method done for choosing the universities of Tehran was purposive and for university students was convenience sampling. Among the 1609 questionnaire gathered from university students, it is shown that the second name was choosen by 459 of them. The findings indicated that among those who changed their names were 22.5 % of the boys and 77.5 % of the girls. The results showed that there is a tendency for national identity in boys and transnational identity in girl students . There is also a shift in the name from the old religious names to the new one as well as to the national identity of the boys , while on the other hand, female students tended to shift from national and religious to transnational one. For the motivations stated among the male and girl students respectively , personal interest and also to have Iranian names ( intrinsinc and extrinsic motivation ) and promotion of prestige, then beutifulness ( intrinsic motivation ) was the most important factor.

Stories represent the intellectual and cultural foundations of each society, so the discovery of the underlying elements and underlying structure of stories reflects the social characteristics of each nation. Semiotics provides the capacity to analyze and discover the underlying structures of the narrative and is able to provide analysts and critics with accurate scientific tools. This research is an analytical Semiotics of two stories of Kabab-e Ghaz and Death in the Wood by two Iranian and American writers. The authors attempt to answer the question of the typology of Jamalzadeh and Anderson's discourse systems and what are the cultural and social differences in the underlying layers of these two stories. According to descriptive-analytical studies and content analysis method based on semiotics discourse tools, the results show that both authors have used different kinds of discourse systems in their story but the process of action and Stative as a core elements of discursive factors, creates discourse and lead up to transmutation of meaning. Namely, action replacing Stative with aesthetic type. But what has made the difference in the themes of the stories is the lifestyle and attitude of the actors and cultural factors in both discourses.

Imam Khomeini is founder of Islamic revolution and from influential leaders in whole of history of humanity and specially Islam. Imam Khomeni's views always are leading and directing light of humanity and Muslims. Imam in different social, legal political and cultural domains has ideas and new and unique ideas. Idealization and enunciation around Islamic government, forming Islamic system and government and people mutual rights by him is from the main roots of forming and continuing Islamic movement of current centuries in Iran and other Islamic governments. Critical discourse analysis deals with not only linguistic properties, but with social and cultural relations, investigating underlying layers of text and reveals hidden points of the text. The aim of this research is studying Imam Khomeini's statements from the critical discourse analysis of Fairclough. The statistical population is one of speech of Imam that was selected from Imam’s speech in Sahife and this selection was purposefully within sources related to this study. Findings of this research show that in legal and political view of Imam, the relation between government and people and rights and responsibilities of these two are mutual and reciprocal.