ali moradi

In cases where several factors are involved in the occurrence of damage, the responsibility for compensation in the absence of a direct relationship and the failure to prove it with the damage will be imposed on the factor that has a relationship between the behavior of that factor and the resulting result, an intermediary behavior and indirectly. To be established by providing its introduction. This relationship, which connects the responsibility to the responsible person, is called the relationship of causality, and its components, reasons, and elements must be explained in order to verify it. Looking at extended interpretation as a type of judicial interpretation that in cases of silence of the law, according to which the signifier of a law is encroached from its own territory, along with the 16 articles of the civil liability law approved in 1339, in the laws approved in 2013 in the field of criminal law, the legislator A fundamental approach in identifying the relationship of causality has been shown in criminal law, which can be considered in the relationship of causality. The current research, which was carried out in a descriptive-analytical form and a library study, shows the need to pay attention to the concept of citation from a material point of view, which is important as an indicator and measure in determining the relationship of causality or effective factors in the result, and a new concept in describing the position of the relationship of causality from On the one hand, it provides proof of warranty on its circuit, on the other hand.

A rare case of severe prolonged persistent Teriparatide-induced hypercalcemia (14.3mg/dL on admission) in an osteoporotic patient after ceasing the Teriparatide is reported. This 67-year-old female was admitted with polyuria, xerostomia, constipation, progressive weakness, and a history of Triparatide use due to a previous osteoporotic fracture. Her serum calcium, PTH, and vitamin D levels had been normal before starting Teriparatide. Ninety six hours after ceasing the Teriparatide along with rehydration and Calcitonin treatment, the patient's serum calcium levels returned to normal. Severe Teriparatide-induced hypercalcemia does not follow any defined pattern and may persist for days and can usually be controlled through ceasing the Teriparatide, rehydration, and close monitoring of the serum calcium level and symptoms.
        Level of evidence: IV

Urinomas are rare and uncommon lesions that occur in the ureter or around the kidney. The aim of this study was to report a case of a rare ureteral urinoma.

The patient was a 69-year-old woman who referred to a medical center complaining of left-side pain. The results of the patient's tests showed low creatinine and higher than normal urea. According to the abdominal and pelvic ultrasound findings, ureteral urinoma was diagnosed. The patient was discharged from the hospital after taking the prescribed medicines on November 26, 2022.

The findings of this study can help the treatment staff to consider the possibility of diagnosing urinoma in patients who present with symptoms of fatigue and flank pain. Therefore, being aware of the symptoms of this disease will help diagnose these patients faster and prevent the disease from worsening.

The function of persuasion as a linguistic action is to change the audience's attitude and behavior or strengthen his beliefs. In general, persuasion is the basic and ultimate goal of all types of communication behaviors. This kind of persuasion is applied in the form of language tricks and the phenomenon of persuasion has an active presence in speech. The study of linguistic methods and tools involved in persuasion leads to the examination of the issue of power and how to dominate the mind, and this itself is the beginning of critical discourse analysis. Critical discourse analysis relies on methodological theories. The theory of LacLau and Mouffe has presented a systematic formulation in this field. Discourse is the result of the communication and interaction of the speakers in a social and cultural context. Legal discourse, due to the inherent nature of communication with the audience through "language", contains various methods of persuasion, which discourse analysis can discover many of them. The Dispute Resolution Council, as a legal-judicial institution, has created a special legal discourse by using various functions of language as the main tool. The main goal of the current research is to analyze the legal discourse of this council and examine the role of linguistic knowledge in its persuasion methods. In this research, the data has been collected by field method and direct observation, from 20 sessions of conciliation branches of the Dispute Resolution Council of Islamabad Gharb city. The data includes a total of 1,273 parts of speech, which formed the linguistic body of the research and were analyzed in a descriptive-analytical way, based on the theory of Laclau and Mouffe. The research question is, what are the findings of linguistics based on the theory of Laclau and Mouffe that can be effective in the process of persuading the parties to the dispute in the discourse of the members of the dispute resolution council? The result of the research shows that in order to convince the parties to the dispute, the linguistic tools of highlighting, the relationship between the signifier and the signified, backgrounding and hegemony, in descending order, have played an effective role in the discourse of the dispute resolution council members. In this discourse, the members of the council have used several effective words as persuasive elements by fixing the semantic system, each of which has specific meanings with specific signifiers

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming healthcare, particularly in orthopedics, by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, surgical planning, and personalized treatment. This review explores current applications of AI in orthopedics, focusing on its contributions to diagnostics and surgical procedures. Key methodologies such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), support vector machines (SVMs), and ensemble learning have significantly improved diagnostic precision and patient care. For instance, CNN-based models excel in tasks like fracture detection and osteoarthritis grading, achieving high sensitivity and specificity. In surgical contexts, AI enhances procedures through robotic assistance and optimized preoperative planning, aiding in prosthetic sizing and minimizing complications. Additionally, predictive analytics during postoperative care enable tailored rehabilitation programs that improve recovery times. Despite these advancements, challenges such as data standardization and algorithm transparency hinder widespread adoption. Addressing these issues is crucial for maximizing AI's potential in orthopedic practice. This review emphasizes the synergistic relationship between AI and clinical expertise, highlighting opportunities to enhance diagnostics and streamline surgical procedures, ultimately driving patient-centric care.        Level of evidence: V

Methanol poisoning can cause a wide range of neurological manifestations, confusion, coma, and vision loss. The present study aimed to report a case of blindness caused by alcohol poisoning.

Case Report: 

The patient, a 19-year-old man, refereed to the emergency department of the hospital with complaints of dizziness, blurred vision, weakness, lethargy, and nausea. The patient had severe blurred vision caused by alcohol consumption (methanol) two days before referring to the hospital. The patient was transferred from the emergency room to the ICU. The results of the tests indicated severe acidosis. A central venous catheter (Shaldon) was placed in the femoral area for the patient and he was treated with oral ethanol, folic acid tablets, and dialysis.

Despite the diagnosis of poisoning and necessary treatment measures, the patient finally lost his eyesight completely, and due to the shock of becoming blind at a young age, he was refused to a consultant for follow up the treatment and was discharged from the hospital with his personal consent.

Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are among the most valuable and strategic legumes globally and in Iran, primarily due to their high protein content and nutritional benefits. Growing global demand for protein-rich foods highlights the importance of enhancing bean production. However, water scarcity, exacerbated by Iran's location along the global desert belt and receiving less than one-third of the global average rainfall, poses significant challenges to sustainable agriculture and food security.  Brassinosteroids, a class of plant growth regulators, have emerged as a promising solution to mitigate environmental stresses like drought while improving crop growth and yield. This study aims to evaluate the effects of foliar application of 24-epibrassinolide hormone on various physiological traits, enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense mechanisms, and gain yield of pinto beans under low irrigation stress.

A field experiment was conducted during the 2022 growing season on a farm in eastern Shiraz, using a split-plot design within a randomized complete block design with three replications. The irrigation regime was applied at three levels: full irrigation (100% of the moisture requirement) and low irrigation stress (80% and 60% of the moisture requirement), as the main factor. Four concentrations of 24-epibrassinolide, including control (distilled water), 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/L were applied as the subplot factor. The experiment aimed to assess physiological traits such as chlorophyll index, relative water content, antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase), grain yield under different irrigation and hormone treatments.

The results revealed that both low irrigation stress and 24-epibrassinolide application significantly influenced all measured traits. Foliar application of 0.2 mg/L 24-epibrassinolide increased the chlorophyll index and leaf relative water content by 7.42% and 11.77%, respectively, compared to the control. Significant interactions between irrigation regimes and hormone concentrations were observed. At 60% and 80% moisture levels, the 0.2 mg/L hormone treatment increased antioxidant enzyme activities as follows (compared to the control): catalase (172% (60%) and 131% (80%)), peroxidase (105% (60%) and 115% (80%)), and superoxide dismutase (0.35% (60%) and 0.45% (80%). Similarly, seed yield improved significantly with 24-epibrassinolide application. Under 100%, 80%, and 60% irrigation levels, 0.2 mg/L application resulted in yield increases of 72.38%, 56.02%, and 44.35%, respectively, compared to the control.

The application of 24-epibrassinolide at a concentration of 0.2 mg/L effectively enhances the antioxidant defense system, reduces reactive oxygen species, prevents cell wall damage, and minimizes macromolecule degradation in pinto beans. These effects contribute to improved grain yield, under both full and low irrigation conditions. This approach offers a promising solution for mitigating water stress and promoting sustainable bean production in arid and semi-arid regions.

In Augustine's thought, human nature is sick because of original sin, and this disease has also made humans incapable of achieving salvation and doing good deeds. Hence, it needs an external factor to be strengthened: grace. The result of Augustine's belief is that babies are guilty of physical birth in such a situation. In the meantime, Pelagius believes that Augustine's approach has results that undermine the tenets of Christian doctrinal principles. First, it deprives God of the attributes of justice and power, while the Bible considers God to be just because the Bible considers God to be Just and seeks a conception of man as a just creature. Secondly, It causes an unfair interpretation of Divine Grace that challenges other inner areas of human beings and reduces them to inefficiency. Therefore, to solve this problem, Pelagius first considers the human will to be free, and in the next step, he introduces human nature as pure and explains it with an Arian approach; he first explains grace and then confronts Augustine's interpretation of Paul. He also considers Augustine's evidence from the Bible metaphorical, thus declaring the infants free from any sin. In this study, we intend to investigate this issue descriptively and refer to original sources.

Emergency preparedness for radiation accidents is essential, and the need to design and facilitate various progressive exercises to increase preparedness in these accidents has been emphasized. Using the demonstration method with simulation is an effective teaching method in this field. To train military nursing master's students in caring for radiation victims, a plan was made to visit a specialized clinic for radiation victim care. The students received necessary training through simulation.

This article presents the findings of a case study conducted through field operations, data organization, and description of data collected during the natural course of an event by researchers. Observation and description were the primary elements of this study, and observation and interview techniques were utilized to gather the necessary knowledge and insights about the information.

Radiation casualty care training was presented to the students using a simulation method with combined casualties (trauma and radiation contamination) by an expert from the radiation care clinic. After triage and complete decontamination, the hypothetical victim was transferred to the inpatient ward to monitor clinical symptoms and receive the necessary medical and nursing care. The design of specialized centers for the care and treatment of nuclear and radiation victims is somewhat different from other hospitals and medical centers. These centers have a special section for installing decontamination devices and a separate sewage system for storing polluted water. Also, the staff involved in providing medical care to radiation victims should be equipped with the required scientific ability and practical skills and be prepared to face radiation accidents.

Considering the importance and necessity of field training and presence in real arenas facing critical conditions and war, and in order to improve the level of education and skills of military nursing master's students, it is recommended that necessary planning and coordination be made for the presence and participation of students in medical centers, related institutions, and similar missions in the future.

Empathy is considered paramount to the medical profession because it affects patients’ satisfaction, compliance, and quality of care. It has been studied that medical residents in non‑psychiatry specialties (especially general surgery) pay less attention to their patients’ experiences and emotions. This study measured and compared surgical and psychiatric medical residents’ empathy scores.

In 2021, we studied all first‑ to third‑year medical residents of psychiatry and general surgery who worked in hospitals affiliated with the Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. Eighty‑eight eligible residents, including 53 psychiatric and 35 surgical residents, were enrolled in this cross‑sectional study. The Persian‑validated Jefferson empathy scale was used to evaluate empathy among the residents. Chi‑square, t‑test, and ANOVA were used for group comparisons. A multivariable linear regression analysis was used to find the factors associated with the empathy score. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS version 21.

The total mean score (SD) of empathy was 104.34 (11.10). Female residents had higher mean (SD) empathy scores compared to their male counterparts (109.21 [9.29] vs. 99.14 [12.72]; p < 0.001), and psychiatric residents scored higher than surgical residents (109.18 [8.91] vs. 96.67 [12.50]; p < 0.001). Psychiatric residency was independently associated with a higher empathy score (standardized coefficients; beta = 0.41, p = 0.001).

Psychiatric residents have significantly higher empathy with patients than surgical residents. There was also a significant difference among male and female residents. Therefore, it may be recommended that structural education directions be developed for residents to promote empathy during the residency program.

The structure of Augustine's theological system seeks to solve the problem of human salvation. From the ontological and epistemological point of view, Augustine considers elements involved in the realization of human salvation, among which the most important elements are the Holy Spirit. It seems that according to Augustine's theological system, the Holy Spirit plays a role in human salvation in three areas: a- introducing Christ to others; B- Birth of faith in the hearts of believers; C- Partial realization of the grounds for the formation of moral virtues in believers. The Holy Spirit plays a key role for human salvation in these three areas, especially in the realization of moral virtues. Although Augustine has talked and reflected a lot about the Holy Spirit and his functions in the system of existence, he did not pay attention to this position in the design of his system and did not reflect it in the formulation of human salvation, which itself causes defects. He becomes human in the realization of salvation. Therefore, the current study tries to analyze and examine the place of the Holy Spirit in the salvation system by referring directly to Augustine's works and with an analytical-descriptive approach.

The development of humanities can be affected by a set of factors, and in this regard, the role of humanities is very effective. Based on this, the researcher's goal is to investigate and analyze the sociological analysis of humanities, how and to know the factors affecting the development of humanities in Iran, which is done by survey method and The Delphi technique was performed using a questionnaire tool. The statistical population was the graduates of various fields of human sciences, especially social sciences and sociology, and 420 people were selected as a statistical sample using SPSS Sample Power statistical software. Data analysis was done using SPSS software. The results show that the relationship between the variables, lack of politicization and development of humanities (.536), employment of graduates in administrative positions with development of humanities (.523), nativeness and development of humanities (.521), economic efficiency and The development of humanities (./479), the existence of theorists and the efficient force of humanities and the development of humanities (./451), the per capita study and development of humanities (./416) is a meaningful relationship. The results of multiple regression, economic efficiency (R2=0.451), the existence of theorists and efficient forces (R2=0.445), lack of politicization (R2=0.381), indigenousness of humanities (R2=0.374) ) and the employment of humanities graduates in administrative positions (R2=0.301), shows the amount of internal changes of the dependent variable.

For over 50 years, bone cement has been used to strengthen artificial joints like hip, knee, shoulder, and elbow joints. The main purpose of bone cement is to fill the space between the prosthesis and the bone. This absorbs the forces on the joint by creating an elastic area. Besides ensuring the long-term stability of the artificial implant, it also improves the damaged bone. Polymeric bone cement consists of a polymer matrix known as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and a liquid monomer called methyl methacrylate (MMA). When these two components are mixed, a free radical polymerization reaction occurs, leading to the cement's hardening at the place of use. The properties of bone cement, such as mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and handling characteristics, can be adjusted by combining the effective polymerization parameters. However, there are some challenges, such as heat generation during polymerization.
Ceramic bone cement is a composite material of ceramic particles dispersed in a polymer matrix, including calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate. The ceramic particles provide strength and bioactivity, while the polymer matrix enhances the transport properties of the cement. This combination results in a mechanically stable, bone-conductive, and biocompatible cement. Moreover, ceramic bone cement can be engineered to release therapeutic agents, such as antibiotics or growth factors, to prevent infection and foster bone regeneration. Ceramic bone cement is a promising alternative material for bone cement in joint replacement. However, more research and development are required to optimize the properties of bone cement and overcome the challenges associated with its use. With continued advancements in biomaterials, ceramic and polymer bone cement could revolutionize the field of orthopedic surgery and improve patient outcomes. Recent research has focused on developing new bone cement with improved properties like bioactivity, antibacterial activity, and drug delivery capabilities. These developments aim to enhance the performance of bone cement and remove the current limitations in orthopedic applications. In this review study, we will focus on the types of bone cement, their mechanical, biological, and structural properties, and how to optimize them.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective treatment method for end-stage knee osteoarthritis, and with the aging population, the demand for this surgery has significantly increased. However, bleeding during and after TKA remains a major complication. Blood transfusion, while necessary in some cases, is associated with various complications. Therefore, finding measures to reduce the need for transfusion is crucial in minimizing postoperative complications.

This study was conducted to review the world literature on The Hemostatic Effect of Tranexamic Acid during and after Total Knee Arthroplasty. In this review study, the terms total knee arthroplasty and tranexamic acid were searched in the title and abstract of articles published in internationally recognized scientific databases, and all English and related articles were listed.

Tranexamic acid, an antifibrinolytic agent, has shown promising results in reducing blood loss in major surgeries such as TKA. Different administration methods of tranexamic acid have been deemed effective, with the choice depending on the surgical team's preference and protocol.

Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing bleeding during and after TKA, leading to a decreased need for blood transfusion and its associated complications. Additionally, tranexamic acid has been found to improve joint function post-surgery in TKA patients. Overall, tranexamic acid represents a valuable option in managing bleeding in TKA procedures, offering potential benefits in reducing transfusion requirements and improving patient outcomes.

Dengue fever, a highly concerning arboviral disease, is primarily spread by Aedes mosquitoes and poses a significant global public health risk. Key vectors, such as Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes cinereus, are widely prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions and impact worldwide. These species are also current in Iran, especially in the southern, southeastern, and northern areas.By embracing a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach, we have the potential to lead advancements in preventing and controlling dengue fever stemming from Aedes mosquito transmission. Sustained research endeavors, pioneering partnerships, and public health education are indispensable in the battle against dengue fever, aiming to alleviate its impact on affected communities worldwide.

This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of seed coating with biochar and activated carbon on some quinoa seed germination indicators, and it was implemented as a factorial in the form of a completely randomized design with four replications in 2019, in Yasouj University's Faculty of Agriculture. The first factor is seed coating in four levels (no coating, coating with activated carbon, coating with biochar and coating with activated carbon + biochar) and the second factor includes salinity stress in four levels (zero, 75, 150 and 225 mM sodium chloride). The results of the interaction of salinity stress and seed coating showed that the highest content of soluble sugar (28.578 mg/g seed FW) and malondialdehyde (2.97 µmol/g seed FW) was obtained by coating with activated carbon in 150 mM salinity stress. Also, the highest amount of seed hydrogen peroxide (0.18 μmol/g seed FW) and proline (10.49 μmol/g seed FW) at the level of 225 mM sodium chloride was obtained by covering the seeds with biochar and active carbon, respectively. Covering seeds with activated carbon and biochar led to an increase in the length of root and shoot under salt stress conditions. However, under salinity stress conditions, root weight and length vigor index of seed improved more by coating seeds with activated carbon. It can be stated that seed coating can greatly reduce the harmful effects of osmotic stress on germination and biochemical traits in quinoa seedlings and improve seedling growth.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is identified by a group of neurodevelopmental disorders. In view of the importance of, and demand for, novel behavioural interventions in autism disorder, a comprehensive evaluation of the outcomes of interventions for the ongoing impact of behavioral interventions in ASD is necessary.

A systematic search of the electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, Sciencedirect, Web of Science, and Biomed central were conducted to find evidence for the effectiveness of behavioral interventions in ASDs. The search strategy was based on exploring studies published in different global languages from the earliest to 2019 databases. In addition to the databases mentioned above, relevant studies were searched using forward and backward citation tracing.

In the present review, 48 Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), and 44 quasi-experimental articles matched the defined evaluation criteria. Eighty-three out of 93 studies were conducted in high-income countries, the results of which raised the challenges associated with acceptability of conducting those studies in low- and middle-income countries. The majority of those studies (93.5%) were classified as having either low or medium quality. From those studies, 32 studies used integrative programs, and 30 studies used social skills development interventions. The majority of the studies were based on integrative programs designed to foster social skills. The results of the study showed that social skills development interventions were effective in changing the desired outcomes. The results showed that, regardless of the study design and the type of intervention used, the possibility of success in interventions were greater in changing the participants' social skills.

There were inconsistent evidence on the effectiveness of interventions in providing changes in targeted outcomes. There is a need for further investigation in behavioral interventions for ASDs. Further research is needed to understand the effectiveness of other interventions and finding quality interventions to achieve more significant results.

Dear Editor The purpose of this research is to familiarize professors and students of medical sciences with the concept of Balint groups. Michael Balint created the Balint groups in 1957 in order to better understand the relationships between family doctors and their patients (1, 2). According to Michael Balint, in addition to medical education, doctors should also have proper communication skills and characteristics with patients (2, 3). Balint groups are one of the effective methods to improve therapist-client relationships in the form of 90-minute sessions, held weekly to monthly, over several years (4, 5). Each Balint group consists of 6 to 10 members with one to two leaders or facilitators. In these groups, usually, one person presents the desired topic, which can be the condition of a patient, in a period of 3 to 5 minutes, and the desired topic is discussed for an hour or more. All topics discussed in the group are confidential, and the leader emphasizes creating a safe environment that is based on trust and acceptance. The members of the group take turns expressing their opinions on the topic, and finally, the group leader summarizes the opinions, and the final result is obtained (6). Doctors in these groups have meetings to discuss their performance, the psychological aspects of their work, and the relationship between the doctor and the patient (1, 7). One of the goals of Balint groups is to increase one's knowledge by reporting on one's patient, discussing the topic in a safe environment, finding one's mistakes due to the feedback of others, and correcting one's emotional experiences in relation to the patient. Balint group members reveal their innermost feelings and experiences in order to be able to talk about a topic. In this way, members share their content with other group members in a non-judgmental environment. The group members benefit from the feedback of others and compare their experiences with the contents of other colleagues (8). Group discussions about feelings have the benefit of making people more aware of their feelings, thus enabling them to analyze and organize their information. Emotions and feelings in clinical work can be useful for patients if they are tolerated and understood by the doctor (9). Due to the rapid development of technology, the improvement of educational methods, and attention to the needs of patients, the importance of the Balint group should be given more attention due to the change in demographic characteristics (1). As a result, Balint groups have gradually been emphasized in medical education (10). In Balint groups, with the participation of students, the duration is shorter than in normal Balint groups, and the leader may be more active in describing their experiences (11). The presence of students in Balint groups leads to the development of empathy skills among medical students (12). For example, students are placed in a real and uncomfortable clinical situation to observe their reactions and increase their empathetic abilities, thus becoming more patient-centered (12, 13). Studies show that doctors who were part of Balint groups during their student period have a higher sense of control and satisfaction in their work environment. Also, these groups improve the skills of giving bad news in students (11). By attending these classes, students can use the professors' experiences with problematic issues in dealing with patients, which they have not observed during their studies. Improving doctor-patient relationships, reducing job burnout, and managing stress and anxiety are other benefits of participating in Balint groups (1). Medical schools should create an environment for students that will lead to progress in their socialization process (14). Therefore, it is suggested that Balint groups be used to improve teacher-student relationships in medical education.

An alternative to both the time-consuming traditional and the expensive three-dimensional (3D) methods for splint design is to use two-dimensional (2D) images. The present study utilized image processing to achieve an automatic and practical method of anthropometry measurement to design and build a personalized and remote cock-up splint. This method is applicable for patients unable to personally attend clinic appointments. The defined landmarks of the cock-up splint of 100 adult participants were measured manually. Each individual had a 2D image taken of their upper limb using a customized imaging device. The 2D image portions that corresponded to the manual measurements were then identified, and their sizes were retrieved in pixels using MATLAB software. To find equations between manual 3D measurements and 2D image processing ones, multiple linear regression analysis was performed on landmark variables. We were able to determine equations to estimate manual dimensions based on 2D image data. In the men’s group, we could predict the third finger length, forearm circumference at three levels, and the largest forearm circumference. In the women’s group, in addition to variables predicted for men, hand circumference at the distal palmar crease and first web levels, as well as arm circumference, could be predicted using the identified equations. Based on the findings, 2D image processing could be an appropriate method for designing personalized cock-up splints. Level of evidence: III

This research aims to identify and present strategies to promote the culture of participation of non-governmental organizations in the prevention of violent crimes in Hamadan city. This research is practical in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of approach. The statistical population of the research was formed by the police chiefs of Hamedan province and the sample size continued in a purposeful manner until theoretical saturation, which was 25 cases. Two library and field methods based on semi-structured interviews of experts have been used to collect the data. In order to analyze the data, thematic analysis method was used using MAXQDA software. The findings show that the greater the participation between non-governmental organizations and Faraja, the better the prevention of crime. Based on this, four general methods as strategies to promote the organization's culture of participation were recognized in the prevention of violent crimes in Hamedan city, as follows: 1- Awareness-oriented strategies with 20 indices (the theme of the organizer: awareness, training and promotion of people's organizations institution), 2- trust-oriented strategies with 26 indices (communication, inter-departmental and intra-departmental interaction, and trust building), 3- operational strategies with 40 indices (implementation of social plans, economic assistance, delegation authority and operational infrastructure), and 4- legal and law-oriented strategies with 19 indices (legal intervention and support and legal infrastructure).

Human salvation and redemption are among the most important topics that Islamic philosophers have addressed. Mulla Sadra, as a philosopher who is based on the religious and intellectual tradition of Shia, is looking for how to realize the salvation of man in the theological and philosophical system that he designs in the book of the Al Asfar AlArbaa. According to the studies done, we see that Mulla Sadra believes that the salvation of man depends on two components, which are: angels and the Prophet of Islam. This approach of Mulla Sadra leads to the conclusion that angels, according to their ontological and epistemological position in both scientific and practical fields, provide the two main wings of human salvation and identify the redeemed human identity and make man an angelic being. They make a change. At the same time, in the field of practical wing, we are faced with the two elements of transmission of revelation and general assistance to humans, which the role of the Prophet of Islam in the field of revelation is very visible and effective. According to Mulla Sadra, angels are in charge of creating a human identity, and salvation is the realization of the believer's scientific and practical perfection, which is achieved by connecting and uniting with the active intellect and practicing the Sharia. In this research, in an analytical-descriptive way and based on Mulla Sadra's works, we investigate the issue of what is the role of angels in the salvation of man in Mulla Sadra's thought and how is it achieved.

To compare the accuracy of historical and non-historical methods in intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation among patients undergoing cataract surgery with a history of keratorefractive surgery.

In this cross-sectional study, patients undergoing cataract surgery were divided into two groups: the first group consisted of patients with available previous data regarding their history of keratorefractive surgery, and the second group included patients without any previous data. Corneal power was corrected using the clinical history method (CHM) in the first group and the Shammas no history method (SNHM) in the second group. IOL power for both groups was calculated using the Holladay I formula for implanting an SA60AT or SN60WF lenses. The main outcome measure was the mean refractive error three months after cataract surgery.

One hundred twenty-nine eyes from 104 cataract patients with a history of myopic keratorefractive surgery were included in this study. The IOL calculation in 64 eyes was performed using the CHM method, and in 65 eyes using the SNHM method. The mean refractive error after cataract surgery was -0.17 ± 1.09 D in the CHM group and -0.09 ± 0.75 D in the SNHM group, indicating no statistically significant difference between the two methods (P = 0.62).

The SNHM showed no significant difference compared to the CHM in terms of post-surgical mean refractive error. Given the ease of performing the SNHM and the similarity in post-surgical refractive outcomes, it is suggested that the SNHM can serve as an alternative to the CHM. 

Extracting barriers to organizational learning can be effective in improving the healthcare system. The current research has been carried out to identify and explain the barriers to organizational learning from the point of view of employees and experts in the healthcare system. The research has been carried out with the mixed approach of explanatory sequential follow-up on the employees and experts of the health care system of the public sector. The statistical sample in the quantitative phase (first phase) includes 206 people who were included in the study by census method. In the qualitative phase (second phase), 30 experts of the organization were selected purposefully and until theoretical saturation. Data was collected in the quantitative phase with a questionnaire and in the qualitative phase with a semi-structured interview. Quantitative phase data analysis was done with descriptive statistics and Spss and Amos software. The reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha coefficient is higher than /75. Was. Experts were used for face validity and construct validity was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis. In the qualitative phase, Brown and Clark thematic analysis and Maxqda2018 software were used. In the quantitative phase, it was determined that organizational learning barriers have a positive and significant relationship with all its components. The employees stated that the most important of these obstacles were resistance to new ideas in the organization and not having the opportunity to apply the learned materials. In the qualitative part, 25 codes, 13 sub-themes and 6 main themes including cultural barriers, work pressure, weakness in training, lack of resources for ideas and programs, neglecting the principle of competence and old work methods were obtained. Obstacles of workload, lack of resources for ideas and programs, and old ways of doing work were common in the quantitative and qualitative sectors. The themes of cultural barriers, weakness in education and neglect of the merit principle also developed the results of the quantitative section. This study identified some barriers to organizational learning. It is suggested that these findings be used to improve learning in healthcare organizations.

In this article, with a historical approach, we will discuss the influence of the institution of religion on changing the minds of Turkish society and accepting development. The main issue is what are the characteristics of the institution of religion in contrast to reforms and modernization, which as an institution that has an impact on the heart of Turkish society, has facilitated the acceptance of modernization and the passing of tradition to some extent by the society, the main question of the present research is that How has the institution of religion prepared the Turkish society to accept modernization and modernity? The answer to the initial hypothesis is that the characteristics of the Hanafi religion (dominant religion in Turkey) with emphasis on the principle of approval and peace and tolerance with modernization have caused its easy acceptance by the Turkish society.The institution of religion as an independent variable and development as a dependent variable have been analyzed in this research based on social changes. And this research is based on the descriptive-analytical method and the use of library sources and documents. And in four parts, the theoretical framework, modernization and reforms from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Atatürk, the characteristics of the institution of religion (methods and religions) in Turkey in the face of modernization, the conclusion is organized.

Tourism is one of the indicators of social and economic development in accordance with its expected principles and foundations. The purpose of this research is sociological study and prioritization of social security indicators in the tourist areas of Kermanshah city.

This study was conducted with a quantitative approach, a descriptive-survey method, and a statistical population of 7,681 tourists in Kermanshah city in 1401, of whom 360 were randomly selected. Correlation, analysis of variance, and regression were used for data analysis and SPSS software was used for data processing.

The results show that the satisfaction with police presence (45/80), life and financial security (31/52), satisfaction with the treatment of local residents (25/85), comfort and health facilities (17/19), and communication security (15/54) are, respectively, the most important security indicators in the tourist areas of Kermanshah according to the respondents. The results of multiple regression show that the social class of tourists (T = 8.47), level of income (T = 7.325), marital status (T = 3/823), employment status (T = 3.321), ethnicity (T = 2.740) and gender (T = 2.085) explain the value of 0.545 of tourists' social security.

The safety of tourists is related to components such as satisfaction with the treatment of local residents, life and financial security, communication, the level of satisfaction with the presence of the police, regional amenities and health security, and planning for these components is possible with inter-departmental cooperation. It is necessary to provide suitable conditions in the country in order to gain our place in the world according to the capacities we have in the tourism industry.