ali poladi rishehri

Today, human resources is considered the most vital strategic element and the most fundamental way to increase the effectiveness of the organization. Therefore, increasing citizenship education is an inevitable necessity for any organization. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of the new group reality therapy approach and the approach based on acceptance and commitment on citizenship education among the employees of Bushehr city.The current research method is a semi-experimental type with a pre-test, post-test and control group design. The statistical population was all the employees of Bushehr city in 1400. The sample of the research was 45 employees who were selected by the available sampling method and were randomly placed in experimental groups (acceptance and commitment and reality therapy) and control. The citizenship education questionnaire (Tabesh, 2013) was used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that reality therapy and an approach based on acceptance and commitment increased the citizenship education of the experimental groups compared to the control group (P<0.001). The results of the Bonferroni post hoc test showed that the effect of the approach based on acceptance and commitment on seeking participation, responsibility, self-confidence and citizenship education was significantly more than the education based on reality therapy. It is concluded that both reality therapy methods and acceptance and commitment are effective for improving employee citizenship education and these interventions can be used to increase organizational productivity.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of active/ deactive positive affect and active/deactive negative affect with social loafing and positive group interaction.

The research method that used in this study was to the correlation and structural equation modeling. the statistical sample was included all fifth and sixth grade female student in 1392 year, Bushehr city , that Have been selected 250 girl through a multi-stage randomly sampling . Instrument used in this study was included a Linnenbrink and Garcia، positive and negative affect questionnaire.

The results showed that the relationship between deactive positive affect and social loafing and positive group interaction was significant. Also, the relationship between active positive affect and social loafing was significant, the relationship between active positive affect and positive group interaction was not significant, and the relationship between active negative affect and positive group interaction was significant. Moreover, the relationship between deactive negative affect and social loafing and positive group interaction was not significant. In sum, the proposed research model was good fitness the data.

Undoubtedly, the birth and presence of an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) child in any family is an unpleasant and challenging event and prevents the performing of the parent's normal functions. Mothers of children with special needs, especially ASD, experience more psychological problems. There is much evidence that mothers of these children experience higher levels of general anxiety than mothers of other exceptional children. Frustration and deprivation due to the child's abnormality cause isolation, disinterest in relating to the environment, low self-esteem, a feeling of worthlessness, and low parenting self-efficacy. Eventually, this situation causes depression and endangers the mother's mental health. The present research aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy with coping strategies training on increasing self-esteem and parenting self-efficacy in mothers of ASD children.

The quasi-experimental study has a pretest-posttest and follow-up design with a control group. The study population consisted of all mothers whose children were treated and educated in ASD education centers in Booshehr City, Iran. In total, 30 willing and volunteered to participate in the study were selected and randomly assigned to three groups (acceptance and commitment therapy, coping strategies training, and control group, each group was 10 people). The experimental groups participated in 8 sessions once a week for eight continuous weeks, while the control group did not receive treatment. The inclusion criteria included not having severe physical illness and maternal psychosis, having a child with ASD being treated and studying in one of the educational centers for children with autism, and having at least primary education for mothers. The exclusion criteria were the symptoms of mental disorder during the training session, and receiving psychiatric treatment and, having a history of receiving cognitive-behavioral training, absence from two or more sessions in the intervention program. The instruments for gathering required data consisted of Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) and Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale (Dumka et al., 1996). The obtained data were analyzed at the level of descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (repeated measure analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test) at the significant level of 0.05 in SPSS version 16 software.

Results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy and coping strategies training significantly improved mothers' self-esteem and parenting self-efficacy in the experimental groups compared to the control group (p<0.001). The effect of both interventions was significant from the pretest to the posttest (p<0.001) and from the pretest to follow-up (p<0.001). But it was not significant from the posttest to the follow-up (p>0.05). Also, no significant difference was observed between the average scores of the experimental groups in the variables of self-esteem (p=0.668) and parenting self-efficacy (p=0.056).

According to the study findings, both interventions are effective in increasing self-esteem and parenting self-efficacy, and there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of these two interventions. Therefore, therapists can use these two therapeutic and educational approaches, especially acceptance and commitment therapy, a new wave of cognitive-behavioral treatments.

in recent decades, new perceptions of beauty have been defined and beauty is defined as attractiveness and perfection. The aim of this study was to determine the fit of the structural model of the relationship between the tendency to cosmetic surgery with a negative body image and irrational beliefs mediated by cognitive emotion regulation in women applying for cosmetic surgery in Bushehr.

The present study was correlational and structural equation model study. The statistical population of this study is all women applicants for surgery who referred to beauty clinics in Bushehr in 2020. The sample size consists of 400 women who were selected by available random sampling method. Data collection tools were, tendency to cosmetic surgery (Etemadifar & Amani, 2013), Body image (Littleton, 2005), irrational beliefs (jones, 1969) and cognitive emotion regulation (Garnefski, 2001) questionnaires.

The results showed that negative body image and irrational beliefs predicted the tendency to cosmetic surgery in women by mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation. Also, data analysis showed the appropriateness of the indicators and indicated a good and acceptable fitness for the hypothesized model. The findings of the structural model showed that the path of negative body image and irrational beliefs with cognitive emotion regulation is significant directly and with a tendency to cosmetic surgery mediated by cognitive emotion regulation.

The results of this study can introduce a protocol for psychotherapists and counselors in providing specialized counseling to women seeking cosmetic surgery to correct irrational beliefs and cognitions and teach coping styles to reduce negative body image and irrational beliefs and increase cognitive emotion regulation.

Conduct disorder is one of the most serious and complex complications in school-aged children. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of efficient child-rearing training with the schema therapy approach and positive parenting training on the parent-child conflict in mothers of children with conduct disorders. The method of the current research was a quasi-experimental one with pre-test-post-test method plus a control group and a follow-up stage. The population included all mothers of students with conduct problems in the second grade of elementary school in Tehran in the academic year of 2020-2021. From this population, after the implementation of the Sprafkin test (the fourth edition) a sample of 60 participants (three groups of 20 people from mothers of children, including two experimental groups and one control group) were selected using the availability sampling. They were given Sprafkin children's behavioral syndrome questionnaire and the parent-child conflict questionnaire. The results were analyzed using repeated measurements analysis of variance. The results indicated that both interventions led to a significant reduction in parent-child conflicts. Also, there was no significant difference between their effectiveness. In general, the results revealed that efficient child-rearing training with schema therapy approach and positive parenting training has a significant effect on parent-child conflict. The results of this study can be benefited in psychology, especially in the field of parenting.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between irrational beliefs and early maladaptive schemas with tendency to cosmetic surgery in women seeking cosmetic surgery. The method of the present study was a correlation model of structural equation model. The statistical population of this study included all women applicants for cosmetic surgery who referred to beauty clinics in Bushehr 2020/1399. The sample size consisted of 400 women who were selected by available sampling method. Data collection tools were, Tendency to Cosmetic Surgery (Etemadifar & Amani, 2013/1392 s.c.), Irrational Beliefs (jones, 1969), Early Maladaptive Schemas (Young, 2005) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation (Garnefski, 2001) questionnaires. The results showed that irrational beliefs and maladaptive schemas predicted the tendency to cosmetic surgery in women by mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation. Also, data analysis showed the appropriateness of the indicators and indicated a good and acceptable fitness for the hypothesized model. The findings of the structural model showed that the path of irrational beliefs and maladaptive schemas with cognitive emotion regulation is significant directly and with a tendency to cosmetic surgery mediated by cognitive emotion regulation.The results of this study can introduce a protocol for psychotherapists and counselors in providing specialized counseling to women seeking cosmetic surgery to correct irrational beliefs and cognitions and teach coping styles to reduce irrational beliefs, modification of early maladaptive schemas and increase cognitive emotion regulation.

In the past, cosmetic surgery was performed to restore the normal function and shape of an organ of the body, but today, cosmetic surgery has lost its original function. The aim of this study was to determine the fit of the structural model of the relationship between the tendency to cosmetic surgery with the attitude to fashion and negative body image mediated by cognitive emotion regulation based on the type of surgery in women applying for cosmetic surgery in Bushehr.

The method of the present study was a correlation model of structural equations. The statistical population of this study included all women applicants for cosmetic surgery who referred to beauty clinics in Bushehr in 2020. The sample size consisted of 400 women who were selected by available random sampling method. Data collection tools included Etemadifar and Amani (2013) Tendency to Cosmetic Surgery Questionnaire, Rezaei Fashion Attitude (2014), Littleton et al. Body Image Concern Inventory (2005), and Garnefski (2001) Cognitive Emotion Regulation.

The results showed that the attitude to fashion and negative body image mediated by cognitive emotion regulation predicted the tendency to cosmetic surgery in women. The findings of the structural model showed that the direct path of attitude to fashion and negative body image with cognitive emotion regulation, and with the tendency to cosmetic surgery mediated by cognitive emotion regulation is significant.

Data analysis showed the appropriateness of the indicators and the model had a good fit. The results of this study can introduce a protocol for psychotherapists and counselors in providing specialized counseling to women seeking surgery to correct irrational beliefs and cognitions and teach coping styles to reduce negative body image and fashion and increase cognitive emotion regulation.

Today, cosmetic surgery is considered as one of the most common surgeries in the world and various factors are influential in this field. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and tendency to fashion with tendency to cosmetic surgery in women seeking cosmetic surgery.

The method of the present study was a correlation model of structural equation model. The statistical population of this study included all women applicants for cosmetic surgery who referred to beauty clinics in Bushehr 2020. The sample size consisted of 400 women who were selected by available sampling method. . Data collection tools were, tendency to cosmetic surgery (Etemadifar & Amani, 2013), Fashion Attitude (Rezaei, 2014), Early maladaptive Schemas (Young, 2005) and cognitive emotion regulation (Garnefski, 2001) questionnaires.

The findings showed that the variables of tendency to fashion and early maladaptive schemas, mediated by cognitive emotion regulation, predicted the tendency to cosmetic surgery in women. Also, the findings of the structural equation modeling indicated the significance of the direct path coefficients of the tendency to fashion and the early maladaptive schemas with the cognitive emotion regulation.

The results of this study can introduce a protocol for psychotherapists and counselors in providing specialized counseling to women seeking surgery to correct irrational beliefs and cognitions and teach coping styles to reduce the tendency to fashion and early maladaptive schemas and increase cognitive emotion regulation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between defense mechanisms, identity styles, hardiness and assertiveness with resiliency in early, mid, and late adolescence.

The present study is a descriptive correlational study. Accordingly, from all high school students in Jam city in 2017-2018 academic year, 300 persons (150 girls and 150 boys) were selected using simple random sampling method and completed hardiness inventory, assertiveness scale, defense mechanisms inventory, and identity styles scale and resiliency scale.

The results showed that there was no positive and significant relationship between information identity style, confused / avoidant and normative identity style with resilience. There was a positive and significant relationship between courage and resilience. There were positive and significant relationship between assertiveness and hardiness with resilience. There was a positive and significant relationship between developed defense mechanisms and resilience. There was no significant relationship between underdeveloped defense mechanisms and resilience. There was a significant negative relationship between neurotic defense mechanism and resilience. It was also shown that the mean of information identity style increases in late adolescence and there was no significant difference between male and female adolescents in terms of the studied variables.

Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that assertiveness and then hardiness and developed defense mechanisms are the most important predictors of adolescent resilience. At the end, the suggestions and limitations of the research were stated.

The birth of a child with authistic spectrum disorder is a challenge to the family, especially to mothers. The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance commitment therapy and coping strategies in decreasing anxiety and despair in mothers of children with autism.

This qausi-experimental multigroup pre-test, post-test design with a control group enrolled 30 mothers of children with autism who were being treated in teaching-treatment centers of Booshehr city using convenience sampling. They were randomly classified into three groups. The experimental groups participated in eight sessions of 90 minutes in 8 weeks, while the control group did not receive anyinterventions. Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Hopelessness Scale were used to collect research data. The collected data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and Tukey post hoc test.

Results showed that acceptance commitment therapy and training coping strategies significantly decreased anxiety and despair in mothers in the experimental groups compared to those in the control group (p<0.01), but the decrease was not significant in the follow-up stage. Tukey's test showed acceptance commitment therapy was significantly more effective for anxiety than training coping strategies in the
post-test (p<0.01).

Our findings showed that both treatments were effective in decreasing anxiety and despair. Hence, therapists can use these two therapeutic and training approaches, especially acceptance commitment therapy, which is a new wave of cognitive – behavioral therapy.

The aim of present study was to investigate the marital conflict's predictors, according to attachment styles, perfectionism and maladaptive schemas in the married couple of Bushehr city. The method of this research is descriptive. The population of the present study was married couples of Bushehr city. The sample included 100 couples (100 females and 100 males), and they were selected randomly among individuals referred to counseling centers in Bushehr City. The instruments used to collect data included Marital Conflicts Standard Questionnaire, Adult Attachment Style Standard Questionnaire, Positive & Negative Perfectionism Questionnaire, and Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire. The result of correlation analysis indicated that attachment styles, perfectionism, and maladaptive schemas are significant predictors of marital conflicts. Correlation coefficient illustrated that attachment styles has the most contribution in couple marital conflicts. In addition, there is a significant correlation between attachment styles and couple marital conflict. Furthermore, there is a significant correlation between perfectionism and maladaptive schemas, with couple marital conflicts.