amin rahimi

Mutallib-khan mosque is an abandoned and derelic building in the city of Khoy, north-west of Iran. It was built in 1839 with intentions to Serve as a mosque, in which muslims say their prayers in congregation, and also as a tomb for the proprietor and patron of it, Mutallib-khan himself. But upon his unfortunate demise, the building remained incomplete, and the architect's work remained undone. without a dome or any kind of  roof  or closure for about two century, it has been susceptible to any and every kind of damage, ranging from natural predicament to mankind misuses and has always been desolated. The buildings interior space is completely open to the Element and therefore it is fair to say that it does not have an interior space with a quality that house an interior function. On the other hand the very exposure of the building has always been the abode to sun, and daylight has always been present, and this has brought a quality to the space for the past two centuries that has become the quintessence of the building: it's character. This article studies ways in which it is possible to rehabilitate the building through redefining an interior space. The framework of this studies is divided into four main sections. In the first section the building itself is studied from an architectural and historical point of view. Second section is dedicated to a comparison between two extremes in how to treat a classic building in rebuilding its dome. In the third and fourth section methods and approaches to designing a dome-like shell is studied, in the context of iranian domes and contemproray shells.  The outcome of these four sections is a generic proposal of a two layer transluscent dome with an interior geometry of a catenary arch, and an exterior shape of a Chamaneh arch that could be 3D printed directly on the building.

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementing of condensed molasses soluble (Vinasse) in heat stressed midlactatingHolstein cows on milk yield and composition, apparent nutrient digestibility and economical parameters. The experiment was performed by84 Holstein lactating dairy cows (DIM: 155±25; MY: 32±3) in a completely randomized design with three treatments 1) basal diet without vinous(control), 2) diet containing 5% of vinasse (2.2 kg/head/day) and 3) diet containing 10% 0f vinasse (4.4 kg/head/day). The study was conducted in thesummer season with a temperature -humidity index of 75.1. The experiment lasted for 25 days (15 days for adaptation and 10 days for sampling). Drymatter intake of the treatment fed a 10% vinasse supplemented diet was higher than the other treatments (P<0.05). Dry matter and NDF digestibilitycoefficients were increased by increasing the level of vinasse in the diets, compared to the control (P<0.05). The economical index of income overfeed cost was the highest for the diet containing 5% of vinasse. Totally, regarding to the chemical composition of the vinasse and its beneficial impactson the performance of the cows under heat stress, using 5% of dry matter vinasse supplementation (2.2 kg wet weight/day or 1.1 kg dry matter/day)can improve nutrient digestibility and reduce feed costs without any adverse effects on dry matter intake.

In the positivist psychology, the general concept of ‘life satisfaction’ is the feedback of how a person perceives and evaluates all the situations of his life. This concept is presented in Rumi's Masnavi in a virtuous, fixed, and general way and encompasses all situations in human life. According to Rumi, complete satisfaction with life in spite of unfavorable situations can be achieved by a correct cognitive assessment of the world, belief, and adherence to the divine worldview of Islam and the implementation of specific strategies. This study, citing Rumi's mysticism, extracts the principles of life satisfaction from Rumi's Masnavi and links it with the foundations of positivist psychology. Spiritual and divine values in Rumi's mystical journey are the basis of human mental health and life satisfaction. Based on this research, it seems to be clear that Rumi considers satisfaction as a divine emotion obtained by teaching and creating compatible beliefs and acting based on divine values. Our aim in this study is to examine this general concept and its related components in Rumi's thoughts using the teachings of positivist psychology. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical based on the documentary method and the content analysis of Rumi's Masnavi. The results of this study show that life satisfaction is one of the transcendent concepts of Islamic civilization and mysticism. This notion is presented as a general and fixed educational concept in Rumi's Masnavi by promoting beliefs and skills of controlling negative emotions, increasing positive emotions in the form of anecdotes, sermons, and allegories as well as explaining concepts such as satisfaction with destinies, patience, gratitude, and contentment.

Life satisfaction is a positive, general and past-related emotion that is influenced by one's cognitive appraisal. It is start by stop complaining about the divine provisions and accepting and pleasing by it and it extend throughout the life. The Golestan as an educational literature is presented with beliefs and skills that promote satisfaction. Full satisfaction rank(Reza) is higher than submissive rank and lower that annihilation rank in mysticism. In positive psychology satisfaction is one of the two dimensions of well-being. Our aim is to identify and analyze the concept of life satisfaction from Saadi's point of view by considering the Golestan anecdotes. It seems that Saadi think that having a correct cognitive appraisal of the world by utilizing moral and educational virtues such as Reza, patience, contentment, gratitude and appreciation is key tools for having life satisfaction. The study shows that Saadi presented the concept of life satisfaction in the form of storytelling, anecdote and allegory with the help of rhetorical and literary techniques such that audience receive and perceive his message in the most beautiful art form. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and based on analysis of documents and anecdotes content of the Saadi's Golestan

Soil pH is a measure of the acidity and alkalinity in soils, ranging from 0 to 14 that measured in a slurry of soil mixed with water. Soil pH normally falls between 3 and 10, with 7 being neutral, acid soils have a pH below 7 and alkaline soils have a pH above 7. Ultra-acidic soils have pH value less than 3.5 and very strongly alkaline soils have pH value more than 9 which are rare. Extremes in acidity or alkalinity may affect mechanical behaviour physical properties of soil. Recently, the rapid development of cities and the industrial revolution have caused enormous environmental impacts and become a serious environmental problem. About 80% of the pollutants in the atmosphere, including suspended particles and gases, result from vehicular traffic and industrial activities. Precipitation acts as a significant natural cycle to clean up atmospheric pollutants such as gases and particles in the air. The major sources of acid water are strong presence of SO2 and NOx gases in the atmosphere. One of the most important effects of acid water is its effect on soil, including washing nutrient cations, releasing toxic elements, and acidifying the soil. Also, acid mine drainage and the contaminants associated with it, is a common occurrence in waste dumps of mining sites results in acidic conditions with a pH of less than 4 develop over time. On the other hand, mineral deposits, over liming in some parts of the land and the use of limestone to improve the different soil natural and control the pH in waste dumps leads to alkaline conditions (pH more than 7) at mine sites. One of the most important effects of air pollution is acid rain. The increasing expansion of cities, the rapid growth of urbanization and the industrial revolution have caused enormous environmental impacts in and around cities. Industrial activities, production of energy and fuel, the use of fertilizers and pesticides cause significant amounts of contaminants to the atmosphere. The entry of metal contaminants and acidifying compounds such as sulfur, nitrogen compounds or their reaction to the atmosphere in the rain will increase the acidity of the rain which can change the quality of atmospheric precipitation. In general, it can be stated that the meaning of acid rain is a rain that has a pH of less than 5.5 which is a lower natural pH. In the current study, the effect of acid rain on the mechanical behavior and physical properties of lime stabilized sand with respect to the eastern regions of Isfahan has been investigated. At first, the various lime content was added to the soil and the specimens were tested after treatment and saturation under various pH values. The results show that adding lime increased the optimum moisture content, shear strength of the specimens, the cohesion and the friction angle of the soil. On the other hand, reducing the pH value results in continuously decreasing the shear strength parameters of the soil specimens. Finally, based on the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image from the specimens, the effect of pH and lime content on the bonds between the sand grains was investigated.

This research was conducted to design a consumer behavior model through the quality and ownership of the relationship in the private sports club of Rasht.
Research method was descriptive, correlative method, which applied in fieldwork. Statistical society of research were among costumers of Rasht's sports clubs in which selected through clustered sampling from all 10 areas of Rasht city. Through simple random sampling, 2 clubs has been selected from those areas with more than 10 clubs and 1 club from those areas with less than 10 clubs. According to statistical society among those customers who were ready to cooperating with researcher, 384 costumers answered to the questionnaire about relationship quality, behavior and property of costumers and questionnaire about loyalty. Structural equation and least squares method was used for data analysis. Findings showed that the relationship between quality of communication with loyalty and behavior, quality of communication with behavior with loyalty mediation was significant. There was a significant relationship between customer loyalty and customer behavior, there was a significant relationship between the relationship between loyalty and behavior, communication with loyalty mediation. is concluded that, in addition to the quality of Relationship with their Customers, the club managers should pay attention to their relationship characteristics

Divan commentary on the course of thesame years after his death began and Commentators unlock the mysterious bin eunuchs of Shiraz Everyone easier and make it possible to utilization of this great and unique cultural treasure. These efforts, not only in Iran but also outside the borders, it is also in terms of number wasper formed far greater.Khatmi Lahori, KhishegyKasori and Akbar Abadi Indian Subcontinent and Bagherian Movahed These commentators were part of great group. In this study, the samples and with Descriptive method, has been discussed comparative-analytical commentary on SonnetElixir Divan-e-Hafez.The results show that four commentator regardless of the literary beauty and Just have analyzes the mystical viewpoint this sonnet. In the meantime, the mystical aspect of the KhatmiDescription compared to the other Description of higher-old, was stronger than the other commentaries and closer to the elders Sufis interpretations and Akbar Abadi and BagherianMovahed, have done do nothing but retelling other interpretations.

What distinguishes holy defense from the other wars is combination of epic and mysticism (spirituality) and creating “mystical epic”. This article aims to adapt the efforts of soldiers of holy defense according to the Islamic Revolution poets with gnostic spiritual experience and explain and analyze their similarities. Study shows categories like austerity and strenuous effort, piety and simple life, consent and surrender, etc. that is the moral attributes of holy-defense soldiers, is not only similar to gnostic spiritual experience, but epic creators, in real meaning, were achieved practically by battling against their internal and external enemies.

Neshat Isfahani belongs to the revolutionary age of literature. He has been considered as a famous leader and also one of the real devotees of the Literary Restoration Movement. Not only has he made an attempt to remove deviation from Persian poetry and the style of writing, but also to vitalize the Iraqi and the Khorasani style. In this paper, Neshat's style of sonnets is highlighted. This article starts with a brief introduction about the biography of the poet, then the phonetic, the lexical and the syntactic levels of his sonnets have been investigated.

Shafaat (Intercession) - the root of which is Shafaa meaning assistance and requesting- is a significant issue in Islamic thought, which has long been discussed extensively by scholars. Although Quranic verses on intercession clearly show that it is a conditioned issue, all Islamic denominations have accepted its core concept while differing in terms of its manner. Providing the definitions of intercession, Muslim thinker's view about it and related Quranic verses and traditions, the present paper discusses the related criticisms of intercession through description and analysis and answers them. In addition, it explains its educational effects and exposes its reflection in the poems of some prominent Persian poets.

The ego is one of the most important and complicated issues in Islamic mysticism. In Persian mystical texts، one of the main tasks of the seeker is controlling of ego and as long as he iscaught by the ego، he has no way to perfection. The ego with itsmany differentfeatures is appeared differently in different people according to their talent or predisposition. In themystical literature، Sometimes the ego is Visualized and embodied and any of Poets or writers show it based on their desires. Sometimes the ego is imagined as an animal and some animals are frequently used as symbols of the ego (based on their characteristics. In the introduction to this paper، there are brief definitions of two important idioms namely symbol and the ego). Afterwards، the animals discussed by the poets are introduced and then there is an attempt to answerwhy the poet has used the animal as the symbol of that trait of the ego. The purpose of thisstudy is clarifying one aspect of thevery diverse about epiphany of ego in Persian literature. In this article، Descriptive analysis was used.

The Holy Quran has miracles in various dimensions. Since the beginning of descending, its literary aspect has been investigated and authors have paid attention to its style and manner of expression so that its style, the way of expression and stability of words has surprised all literary experts.The Holy Quran as well as other languages has spectacular method in which expresses its concepts and meanings and has influence on its contacts by selecting words and ordering. Methods, applied in the Holy Quran, have been considered as a perfect sample of oratory and rhetoric."Takid" method (emphasizing method) is one of those represented in various features in oratory and rhetoric.In this article, it has been attempted to investigate discussions of "Takid" applied in The Holy Quran and to explain and express "Takid" and its dimensions by considering the Holy Quran verses.Based on Quranic research "Takid" has been considered as an important concept due to its various aims such as removing doubt from audiences’ mind and realizing concepts of The Holy Quran.

Mohammed Ali Bahmani is one of the most famous sonneteers in contemporary Persian literature and his emotional and attractive language has charmedmany readers. The aim of this article is to study Bahmani's poetic language and to investigate the important techniques that play an essential role in the literary structure of his poems and have made him so popular. The research method in this study is both descriptive and analytic, that is, the researchers have selected and studiedsome of the poet’s lyrics.It is concluded that Bahmani's syntax, the high frequency of his modern and commondiction, and the rich and pervasive music of his language are some of the causes which have made his poems charming and fascinating. Moreover, Bahmanishows a remarkable abilityto usethe living and current language of the society and common people and displays anadmirable skill in manipulating the images, emotions and music of this language in his poetry.