amir abdoli

Although various factors play a role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), infectious agents, such as Toxoplasma gondii, are suggested as a risk factor.

To further describe the relationship between T. gondii and SLE, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of case reports, cross-sectional studies, and case-control studies investigating the association between T. gondii and SLE.

Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched for related articles published up to January 1, 2024. Moreover, a random effects meta-analysis model was utilized to determine the combined odds ratio (OR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).

Nine case reports, six case-control studies (eight datasets), and four cross-sectional records were involved in the present meta-analysis. Considering the nine case reports, the cases were reported from seven countries (two cases in Malaysia, two cases in Japan, one case in Brazil, one case in Israel, one case in Denmark, one case in the USA, and one case in France). The prevalence of T. gondii in female SLE patients was higher (7/9, 77.8%) than in male SLE patients (2/9, 22.2%). However, all these cases were reported in adults. The reported cases were SLE patients who visited the doctor due to various disorders (i.e., visual loss, seizure, confused state, convulsive episode, transient unconsciousness, restlessness, general malaise, muscular pain, decreased appetite, weight loss, fever, dyspnea, psychosomatic reactions, and pulmonary hypertension). Considering cross-sectional studies (four studies) and case groups in case-control studies (six studies including eight datasets), the pooled seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibody in SLE patients was calculated to be 31.7% (95% CI, 20.7–45.1%). The outcomes of the present (meta) analysis of case-control reports exhibited a pooled OR of 2.58 (95% CI, 1.52–4.39), signifying that either Toxoplasma infection/exposure could be linked with an increased risk of SLE or patients with SEL have an increased risk of T. gondii infection.

Hence, we suggest that additional experimental research utilizing mouse models, along with longitudinal cohort studies in humans, would be helpful in providing further evidence for a potential link between T. gondii infection and SLE. Furthermore, these studies could help determine whether T. gondii infection acts as a co-factor in the onset/development of SLE.

Kimura’s disease (KD) is a rare chronic inflammatory condition of unknown origin. This case report described a unique presentation of KD in a 35-year-old Iranian woman who presented to the Emergency Department in March 2021 with hematuria, proteinuria, diffuse painless, and non-tender white cutaneous lesions affecting the head, neck, chest, and hands, with no swelling. Laboratory assessments showed micro-proteinuria, without oliguria, as well as peripheral serum eosinophilia (10%). Other laboratory findings were unremarkable. Histopathological analysis of skin lesion biopsies showed epidermal focal erosion, hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, acanthosis, and intact basal layer, as well as dermal interstitial and perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and a few eosinophils, with plump endothelial cells in vessels. The diagnosis of KD was confirmed. Hematuria and proteinuria resolved without specific treatment within two days. The skin lesions remained persistent. This case deviated from the typical presentation of KD, as it involved a non-oriental female patient with diffuse cutaneous involvement. Increased awareness of atypical presentations is crucial for preventing misdiagnosis in the evaluation of suspected KD cases.

There are frequent epidemiological and experimental proofs to propose that Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax infections are ignored factors for the development of dental and periodontal diseases. For a more comprehensive review, the present study was designed and conducted, including a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for retrieving related reports up to December 01, 2019. Finally, 48 studies (a total of 70 datasets), including 30 datasets with case-control designs (1711 patients and 614 controls) and 40 datasets with cross-sectional designs (a total of 7257 participants) met the eligibility criteria. Based on the random-effects model, the pooled prevalence of protozoan infections in dental and periodontal patients was estimated to be 25.2% (95% CI, 21.2-29.8%; 2210/8968). In case-control designed studies, the prevalence of protozoan infections in dental and periodontal patients (35.8%, 614/1711) was found to be significantly higher than in controls (14.4%, 198/1371; OR: 4.15, 95% CI: 2.92-5.92). In addition, E. gingivalis (OR: 3.81, 95% CI: 2.36-6.14) and T. tenax (OR: 5.08, 95% CI: 2.81-9.20) were significantly higher in dental and periodontal patients compared to the controls. Our results demonstrated an apparently significant association between these protozoan infections in dental and periodontal patients. In conclusion, more standardized experimental designs are proposed using the animal model, and longitudinal (cohort) studies support the association between these protozoan infections in dental and periodontal patients to understand whether E. gingivalis and T. tenax infections are a co-factor in the development of dental and periodontal patients.

The global approach to health care quality has led to efforts to manage resources and services more effectively, taking into account rising costs, competitive advantages in marketing, and patient safety. One of the main tools of health care quality and its improvement is accreditation. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the challenges and strengths of implementing the educational accreditation process of hospitals from the perspective of the employees of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences.

This descriptive cross-sectional study using the census method on 51 employees involved in the implementation of educational accreditation of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences using a two-part questionnaire consisting of general and professional information of the employees involved in the implementation of educational accreditation and 27 The component was carried out to measure the opinions of employees regarding the implementation of the accreditation process in the education sector in Jahrom city. Data analysis was done using spss software version 21 and descriptive statistical tests (mean, percentage and standard deviation).

The results showed that out of 51 employees, 66% were women and the rest were men. The average score of the implementation of the accreditation process in the university was 14.3 ± 0.75, which was almost at the average level. The majority of the staff believed that the accreditation program made the university more dynamic and efficient and had the highest score. The lowest score was given to the item "in the accreditation program, the tasks and tasks are fairly and equitably divided among the university staff".

Modifying the accreditation evaluation method can increase the credibility and trustworthiness of Iranian hospital accreditation results. Considering the mutual influence of strengths and challenges on each other, it is necessary to train and develop teamwork culture, budget allocation and planning and strategy design in the context of its implementation, creating appropriate information systems, clarifying information and changing the overall attitude of the organization. to be laid

A healthy diet plays an important role in the prevention of gestational diabetes (GDM); the genetic background is also effective in the pathogenesis of GDM. Adiponectin is a hormone that has a wide range of effects on carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. This study was performed aimed to investigate the interaction effect of major dietary patterns and adiponectin gene polymorphism on biochemical factors in healthy pregnant women and those with gestational diabetes.

This case-control study was performed in 2018-2019 on pregnant women referring to the gynecological ward of hospitals/clinics in Jahrom city, Fars province. 387 healthy pregnant women and 306 pregnant women with GDM completed the food frequency questionnaire. The principal component analysis method was used to extract the major dietary patterns. In addition, blood biochemical factors were measured and genomic DNA was extracted. PCR-RFLP technique was used to identify rs266729 polymorphism of adiponectin gene. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22.0). Multifactorial analysis of variance was use to study the interaction of major dietary patterns and adiponectin gene polymorphisms with different biochemical factors. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

No significant relationship was observed between the frequency of rs266729 polymorphism and GDM (p> 0.05). The level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in the quartiles of the "Fruits and Dairy Products" dietary pattern showed a significant difference in GDM women (p = 0.048). Fasting blood sugar and triglyceride levels in the quartiles of the "Fruits and Dairy Products" dietary pattern showed significant differences for different rs266729 polymorphism genotypes in the gestational diabetes group (p-interaction: 0.033 and 0.002, respectively).

in accordance with the adiponectin genotype in pregnant women, consumption of balanced amounts of fruits and dairy products has an effective role in preventing GDM.

Hemodialysis (HD) patients are at increased risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and clinical symptoms of SARS- CoV-2 infection in HD patients.

This is a single-center study conducted at HD center, in Ilam, Iran. The study was included 87 HD patients to be tested. SARS-CoV-2 infection was diagnosed with confirmed test by rRT-PCR (real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) assay.

Around 35.63% of HD patients were diagnosed as COVID-19 infection; most of them were male (74.4%). Dyspnea (58.1%) and cough (45.2%) were the most common symptoms among HD cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Diabetes (16.1%) and hypertension (19.4%) were the most coexisting medical illnesses. About 12.9% of patients needed ICU care. Additionally, 16.1% of our patients died, which all of them were male.

This study showed a high prevalence of COVID-19 among our HD group, accompanied by mild symptoms. The HD population is probably among the most sensitive and high-risk groups for COVID-19 because of advanced age, comorbidities disease, low-immune function and frequent required visits, and patient overload in HD centers. Preventive measures should be taken in order to minimize the virus transmission in dialysis centers.

Intestinal parasites are among the most prevalent foodborne diseases worldwide, and raw vegetables and herbs are among the primary sources of human infection by these parasites. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of parasitic contamination of fresh herbs in Shushtar, Khuzestan Province, Southwest of Iran.

In this study, 129 herb samples from various farms were collected and washed with water. The washing waters were centrifuged, and the resulting sediments were examined by formol-ether concentration and Sheatherchr('39')s sugar flotation procedure, as well as a wet smear and Ziehl-Neelsen staining.

Among the 129 samples, 73.6% (n=95) showed contamination with at least one parasite, including trophozoite like amoebae (52.6%), followed by Giardia lamblia (14.7%), Cryptosporidium spp. (2.1%), Blastocystis sp. (21%), free-living nematodes larvae (3.1%), Trichostrongilid nematodes (1.05%), Ascaris lumericoids eggs (2.1%), Hymenolepis spp. (2.1%) and Taeniid eggs (1.05%).

A high prevalence rate of parasitic contaminations of herbs in Shushtar necessitates proper washing of herbs and vegetables by consumers to prevent parasitic infections.

In the study we sought to determine the patterns of regional antibiotic resistances among uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates. Our finding could be useful for better recognition of regional antibiotic resistances and scheduling a program to control this condition.

In the study, 270 nonduplicate UPEC isolates were examined from urine samples of outpatients with urinary tract infections (UTIs). All isolates were identified by gram staining and standard conventional biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion (Kirby–Bauer) method. The commercial antibiotics disks (PADTAN TEB Co., Iran) were applied in the study, included amikacin (30 μg), gentamycin (10 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), and nalidixic acid (30 μg).

Most of the patients were female (221, 81.9%). The highest resistance was observed for nalidixic acid (56%), followed by ciprofloxacin 39.64%. In contrast, the lowest resistance was seen for amikacin (3.90%) and gentamicin (10.04%). Moreover, 19.62% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR).

Amikacin and gentamicin could be chosen as first line antibiotics in treatment of UTIs. Continuous monitoring studies recommended for acquire a suitable regional antibiotic resistance pattern.

Toxoplasmosis can cause miscarriage or complications in the fetus. Diagnosis and treatment of this disease by anti-parasitic drugs especially in early pregnancy can help to prevent fetal infection and its complications. This study aimed to determine T. gondii infection in pregnant women, evaluate risk factors in the transmission of the disease and congenital toxoplasmosis. Overall, 360 sera of pregnant women from 5 cities in the Hormozgan Province in southern Iran with different climate were evaluated from 2015-2016 for T. gondii infection by using ELISA method and positive cases of IgM and IgG were tested again using Avidity IgG ELISA. All cases were evaluated according to climate, acute and chronic of toxoplasmosis, number of pregnancy and abortion, epidemiological factors and food habits. Among 360 specimens T. gondii IgG + IgM antibodies were found positive in 0. 8% subjects and also 27% of samples had IgG seropositivity. A significant relationship was observed between age, sampling place, consumption of raw and half cooked meat, history of contact with cats, abortion history, number of children, and parity with IgG positive. In Avidity IgG ELISA test, 13 people with low avidity, 3 people with borderline avidity were reported. 72. 2% of the population had no antibody against the disease that this could be a warning to the people and requires education of preventive and prenatal care and routine screening of women at childbearing age.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases of central nervous system that causes the demyelination of the neurons. Although the main reason of this disease has been unknown yet, different factors including genetic and environmental factors and some infectious diseases can affect the etiology of MS. Methods and Materials: The present study is a review article obtained from searching in various databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Barakatkns, SID, Magiran and relevant books in this field. Various studies have shown that infections agents, especially viruses, can cause chronic neurological disorders and play an important role in the etiology of MS with unknown mechanisms. Discussion and Some indirect mechanisms proposed that infections can induce inflammatory responses in central nervous system and therefore, contribute to the etiology of MS.

One of the most important zoonotic helminths in the world is known as Echinococcus granulosus. Different strains of the E. granulosus have been described based on morphological and molecular characterizations, however, there is limited information regarding the characteristics of the phenotypes and genotypes of E. granulosus in Iran.
The present study was prepared to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of E. granulosus isolates collected from human, goat, sheep, and cattle based on 19 standard morphometric parameters and mitochondrial and nuclear genes (CO1, ND1, and ITS1) in Kashan, Markazi Province, Iran during 2013-2014.
The biometric analysis for the 19 characters revealed that the 19 morphometric values of cattle isolates were exceptionally higher than human, goat, and sheep isolates (P Both morphological and molecular results of this study indicated that the only genotype G1 of E. granulosus travels between humans and other intermediate hosts of this parasite in the area study.

Congenital toxoplasmosis is an important cause of spontaneous abortion worldwide. However, there is limited information on detection and genotypic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). The aim of this study is the molecular detection and genotypic characterization of T. gondii in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded fetoplacental tissues (FFPTs) of women with RSA that have referred to the Avicenna Research Institute in Tehran, Iran.
This experimental research was undertaken on 210 FFPTs of women with RSA. The information of the patients was collected from the archives of Avicenna Research Institute in Tehran, Iran. After DNA extraction, the presence of T. gondii was examined by nested polymerase chain reaction targeting the GRA6 gene. Genotyping was performed on positive samples using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) that targeted the GRA6 and SAG3 genes. Sequencing was conducted on two GRA6 positive samples.
T. gondii DNA was detected in 3.8% (8/210) of the samples. Genotyping showed that all positive samples belonged to type III of the T. gondii genotype. Sequencing two genomic DNAs of the GRA6 gene revealed 99% similarity with each other and 99-100% similarity with T. gondii sequences deposited in GenBank. There were six patients with histories of more than three abortions; one patient had a healthy girl and another patient had two previous abortions. Abortions occurred in the first trimester of pregnancy in seven patients and in the second trimester of pregnancy in one patient.
The results of this study have indicated that genotype III is the predominant type of T. gondii in women with RSA in Tehran, Iran. Also, our findings suggest that toxoplasmosis may play a role in the pathogenesis of RSA. However, further studies are needed to elucidate a clear relationship between T. gondii infection and RSA.

Trichomonas vaginalis infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in humans. T.vaginalis is a parasitic protozoan with a predilection for human urogenital tract and causative agent for vaginitis, cervicitis and urethritis in females. T.vaginalis infection is associated with risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infectivity and pregnancy complication.

In this study, the prevalence of T.vaginalis in individuals who referred to public health units in Kashan city, Iran was investigated.

This study was conducted on 970 women and 235 men who referred to 5 government health centers in Kashan, Iran during October 2012 to August 2013. Demographic information was collected as per the study protocol. Vaginal discharges and urine samples were obtained and examined by Trypticase-Yeast Extract Maltose (TYM) culture medium and wet-mount methods. The prevalence of T. vaginalis was determined using culture based method and wet-mount examinations.

The overall prevalence of trichomonal infection was 2% (95% CI, 2±0.08). The age of infected individual was 33.7±9.4 years. All of those infected, were married housewives and 58.3% of them had primary school education. No statistical correlation was observed between clinical manifestations and parasitological results (p=0.8).

This study showed a relatively low prevalence of T.vaginalis infection in the study population. Since the clinical signs of trichomoniasis are the same of other Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), confirmatory laboratory tests are necessary. Due to adverse outcomes of disease, there is a great need for public education regarding implementation of personal hygienic measures and prevention of inappropriate sexual contacts.

Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most important pathogen that has adverse effect on reproductive function..Evidence Acquisition: Recent studies revealed that infection with T. gondii not only affect female reproduction, also cause male reproductive impairment. In clinical studies, high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in sterile men has been reported. In animal models, toxoplasmosis is associated with male reproductive impairment. Moreover, there are some evidences about venereal transmission of T. gondii. Drugs used for treatment of toxoplasmosis may cause adverse effects on male reproductive function.. In present article, effect of Toxoplasma infection on male reproductive system of human and animal was reviewed. There are several reports expressing association between Toxoplasmosis and male genital tract impairment in both human and animals.. These findings suggest that T. gondii infection can cause temporary impairment on the reproductive parameters of human or animal male as well as impairment of different hormones which may cause insufficient male reproductivity..

Evaluation of the effects of Toxoplasma gondii infection on spermatogenesis in male rats. The RH strain of T. gondii tachyzoites were injected interaperitoneally in an infected group of 35 rats, while 21 rats were used as controls. Each ten days from 10- 70 days of post-infection (PI), 5 rats from infected group and 3 rats from control group were scarified. The percentage of body weight to testis weight ratio (BTR) as well as sperm parameters and fructose levels in seminal vesicles and coagulating glands (SVCG) were investigated. An IgG ELISA kit was designed for serologic diagnosis of infection in the rats. All rats injected with T. gondii tachyzoites were infected from 10-70 PI. Sperm motility from 10-70 PI, sperm viability from 10-60 PI and sperm concentration from 20-60 PI were significantly decreased in the infected group (P<0.05); sperm abnormality was significantly increased in the infected group on days 30, 40 and 50 PI (P < 0.05). BTR in the infected group was not significantly changed compared to control group (P>0.05). Fructose level in SVCG in the infected group was significantly decreased on days 10-50 PI (P < 0.05) compared to control. According to the results, toxoplasmosis can cause impermanent impairment on the spermatogenesis in the male rats.

Business Process Reengineering (BPR) has been introduced as an effective solution for improving radically the performance of organizations. It is recommended that a methodology in the BPR effort should be considered because of its risky and complicated nature. Although, various methodologies are presented, a comprehensive methodology has not been introduced. This research investigates several academic papers and focuses on addressing all necessary aspects for developing a unified BPR methodology and for each aspect, determines needful tasks. These tasks are defined respect to the elements in the unified structure. These elements include BPR plan, supportive environment, improvement approaches, process management, change management, and information and communication technology (ICT) which are extracted by considering presented methodologies. The results propose a unified perspective and structure for BPR methodologies and hence increases the comprehensiveness and reliableness.