amir karimi

Iran is recognized as a land of high biodiversity in Southwest Asia. The northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains host a wide variety of ecosystems and microclimates, with the Hyrcanian forests forming one of the most significant vegetation covers in this region. Parrotia persica C.A. Meyer, a semi-endemic and relict species in the Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran, is absent from the forests of Arasbaran and Europe. The distribution of ironwood (Parrotia persica) typically ranges from lowland areas up to 1200 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.) and occasionally up to 1400 m.a.s.l. However, in the Kojur region (Poul city) of Mazandaran Province, a pure stand of old ironwood trees has been recorded at altitudes between 1600–1650 m.a.s.l., known as the Sad Injili Reserve. This site represents the highest known altitudinal range for Parrotia in the Hyrcanian forests, underscoring the urgent need for its conservation. Despite its ecological uniqueness, this habitat has not been granted effective protection and remains under severe pressure from livestock grazing, tourism impacts, and habitat degradation. The present study highlights the importance of conserving this rare ecological site, which marks the upper limit of Parrotia’s ecological niche in the Hyrcanian region. It is hoped that the Forestry Office, as well as national parks and forest reserves, will take immediate and effective action to ensure the protection and preservation of this valuable natural heritage.

The Supreme Council of Education (and later Culture), which was established after the Constitutional Revolution in 1301 AH, was considered a legislative and effective institution in the country's education system. This institution has been active in various dimensions, including the teaching of social sciences, including history, being one of the areas it has paid attention to. However, scientific research has not yet focused on this issue, and in this regard, the aim of the present study is to discover the process of compiling and completing history education in the Supreme Council of Education from 1301 AH to 1317 AH and the Supreme Council of Culture from 1317 AH to 1320 AH, coinciding with the fall of Reza Shah. The originality of this research was based on the minutes of the Supreme Council of Education. The results of the study showed that the Qajar period can be called the period of "foundation" of history education; But the teaching of history in the Iranian educational system, especially in different periods, especially during the reign of Reza Shah, has been accompanied by a nationalistic approach and a diversity of curriculum content and has undergone a process of "evolution". This teaching of history includes different aspects of the history of Iran, the world and Europe and explains different cultures and civilizations. In this period, the Council introduces history teaching in different fields (primary, secondary and higher education).

The current research aimed to investigate and identify the methods of solving the shortage of teachers and the provision and professional development of teachers. The research method used was descriptive and qualitative content analysis. The statistical population included deputy heads of departments, principals and deputy heads of schools, and researchers in this field. Fourteen people were selected as a statistical sample by snowball sampling. A semi-structured interview method was used. Based on the research findings, five key codes, nine core codes, and 54 codes were identified. In the category of policies and interventions, respectively, revision of courses, removal of non-harmful subjects and titles by 13%; in the category of human resources, reduction of the number of support and administrative forces by 15%; in the category of community interaction and cooperation, upgrading the position of the teacher in society with 37.5% and in the category of recruitment strategies, hiring elite and efficient managers at all management levels with 23% and in the category of incentives and financial support for salary reform Teachers and coordinated payment system had the highest frequency with 20%. As a result, to solve the teacher shortage problem, attention should be paid to multidimensional solutions.

This research introduces the optimal design for underwater sound-absorbing linings. To address the time and computational cost of the optimization process, a combined approach of the genetic algorithm and a surrogate model using artificial neural networks was implemented. The results conclusively demonstrate that the best cavity shape for the low-frequency domain is conical with an apex near the surface of the entering wave. In contrast, a conical shape in the opposite direction of the low-frequency case is optimal for the entire frequency range. Selecting the best frequency range is crucial for the design and optimization process. The optimal response significantly outperformed other randomly established linings, validating the chosen approach. Additionally, increasing the number of optimization variables will undoubtedly alter the optimal solution, albeit with a considerable increase in problem complexity.

This study aims to review and analyze the literature in the field of classroom management, given the growth and development of papers in this field in the global scientific community. The bibliometric technique was applied in the investigation, and every scientific publication from 2000 to 2023 is indexed in the Science Direct citation database. After screening the articles, 788 were analyzed, and the data was shown using the VOSviewer program. The historical growth pattern in scientific productions shows a minor decline in 2003, followed by a generally rising trend between 2004 and 2014. The highest number of articles was produced in 2014, with a peak in 2014. The most important keywords are teacher education, higher education, motivation, professional development, self-efficacy, and classroom management teachers. The most important categories in academic literature are education, teacher education, and higher education. The study's emphasis may need to change due to the system's connection to these areas.

Economic history is a branch of history that was less studied before the 20th century, but in recent years it has been noticed by researchers. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out scientometric research for a better and more systematic understanding of research in this field; in this regard, advanced research aims to analyze and illustrate scientific productions in economic history. The research method used was scientometric, done with Excel and VOSviewer software. The statistical population of the research was 6514 scientific articles from Science Direct scientific database between 1999 and 2023, which were extracted and analyzed. After entering the data from the scientific database into the software, 418 nodes, 11 clusters, and 3284 links were identified by repeating 8 times. The research results show that The trend of publication of articles is upward among journals, research in economic history, and among the words economic growth, economic history, innovation, institutions, economic development, growth, human capital, and immigration are top in terms of repetition. The categories of economic growth, development, institution, regulations, profitability, and the business cycle are topics that, despite being very popular, are no longer as necessary in this trend as in the last decade, and the categories of monetary policies, energy, mining, natural resources, government capacity, and Covid-19 were among the hottest categories.

The expansion of militarism in totalitarian regimes is common. This issue has been observed simultaneously in Iran during the Reza Shah era and Germany during the Hitler era; both governments had a modern and mechanized army, needed talented and motivated individuals to provide military force, and saw history education as a suitable arena for promoting their ideas. History education, by including issues about war, has the ability to develop militarism in the field of education. So the main question of the research is what were the dimensions of militarism in history education in Nazi Germany and Iran during the Reza Shah era, and what were the differences or similarities? In this regard, the aim of the present study is to conduct a comparative study of the functions of history education in the development of militarism in these two regimes. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on history textbooks. The results of the study show that, despite some similarities, the extent and nature of militarism in history lessons differed significantly between the governments of Reza Shah and Hitler. Reza Shah's focus was primarily on modernizing and protecting Iranian sovereignty, while Hitler's government pursued strongly expansionist policies.

Today, strategic planning is considered a way to help increase productivity and achieve organizational goals, and it has become more necessary at Farhangian University as a new organization. Therefore, the current research was conducted to develop Farhangian University's strategic educational program.

The research method is mixed, quantitative, and qualitative. The statistical population included all professors, officials, deputies, and education experts of Farhangian University of Alborz Province. In the qualitative section, sixteen people and in the quantitative section, 50 people were selected based on random sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire with reliability (0.943) in the quantitative part.

Findings showed that threats (3.49), weaknesses (3.48), strengths (3.22), and opportunities (3.21) are more effective, respectively. As a result, a suitable teaching strategy at Farhangian University is a defensive strategy. The proposed solutions are presented in 4 sections: Conservative (so), Conservative (St), Defensive (wt), and Defensive (WT).

As a result, the university has developed quantitatively and qualitatively using a suitable defensive strategy.

Agricultural water resources management in Iran is a matter that should be decided by farmers and water users. Farmers' ignorance of the actions taken about agricultural water conservation and their non-participation in the decision-making process of agricultural water issues will lead to strengthening their sense of not belonging to the future fate of water. The purpose of this descriptive research was to analyze factors affecting farmers’ participation in sustainable agricultural water management in Tarom County. The statistical population of the study was Heads of rural households in Tarom County (N=7774). The sample size was determined via the Krejcie and Morgan table (n=365). The sampling method was multi-stage random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire—the face and content validity of the questionnaire were revised and verified by the panel of experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by calculating the Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability (CR) coefficients. For data analysis, SMART PLS and SPSS software were used. Research findings showed that variables such as moral norms, risk perception, self-identity, and social norms had a positive and significant effect on farmers’ participation in sustainable water management so these variables could explain about 51% variation in farmers’ participation.

Instrumentation tubes is a special type of tubing selected based on material composition for the transport of gases such as clean air or fluids in precision instrument equipment like pressure gauges. One of the primary reasons for the degradation of these tubes is corrosion, a well-known issue in marine environments. This study investigates three types of tubing: unused tubing not yet in service, corrosion-resistant tubing in service, and degraded tubing. After metallographic operations, the microstructure and corrosion areas were examined using optical and electron microscopes, and the corrosion properties were analyzed through cyclic polarization tests. The material of the tubes was also validated using spectrometry tests. Following the analysis of degradation causes, the results indicated that inadequate attention to the selection of tubing material, operational conditions, and the degradation of oxide layers are among the most significant factors leading to tubing failure.

 Sometimes, the boundaries of ethics have been broken in online education, and COVID-19 has unconsciously provided the necessary grounds for this tension. The need to know the obstacles and practical solutions to solve this problem is the issue of this research for finding pure life. It is deemed essential to conduct a scientometric analysis in the domain of Ethics Education during the COVID-19 era to identify focal points and examine existing gaps in research.

The research employs a descriptive-applied methodology, following the filtration process, 1000 articles were selected for analysis using Excel and VOS Viewer software to examine and present the data. The findings reveal a rising trend in the number of articles, with 2023 having the highest count (1,422). Additionally, Social Science & Medicine secured the top position with 228 articles. The position of medical sciences was significant due to the attention to ethics in the process of education and treatment.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted ethics education, according to some, it was done with a plan and interest. The pandemic has led to increased mental health concerns, anxiety, depression, and changes in teaching strategies. Overlay visualizations show the relationship between the pandemic's stages and the adoption of educational technology in ethical education. Ethics education for pure living emphasizes the integration of ethical ideas into education to promote purity, integrity, and moral well-being. Finally, some parts of Islamic education increased in this era by virtual platforms.

The Iranian Distance Education Journal (IDEJ) is one of the most critical journals in electronic education that publishes articles in the field of distance education. This research aims to review and analyze the content and citations of IDEJ articles. The research method, content analysis, and citation were done using Excel and SPSS software. The research findings showed that 81 articles were published in 10 issues of this quarterly magazine, from number 1 of volume A to number 2 of volume 4. Findings show that 83 percent were written in groups, the rest were written individually, 54% were university faculty members, and Payam Noor University had the most significant number of authors. Quantitative methods were used more with 66%, the keyword "e-learning" with 14 repetitions had the most extensive range of articles, and three professors from Payam Noor University had the most significant articles. Also, some authors were from Brazil, Nigeria, and Alaska, and women are as active as men. Suggestions were also made to correct the deficiencies and develop the magazine.

Considering the expansion and increase of School Administration articles in the world scientific community, Reviewing and analyzing the literature in this area is the goal of this study. The study used a descriptive methodology. It includes all scientific articles indexed in the Science Direct citation database from 2000 to 2023. After filtering the papers, 2670 were examined using VOSviewer software to examine and show the data. The research findings indicate that the number of articles has increased since 2004, and The year with the highest percentage of pieces was 2023. Also, between journals with 2125 “Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences” 436 articles were ranked first. Also, 5 clusters were identified, and the subjects of leadership, education, professional development, higher education, teachers, school leadership, teacher education, and school improvement had diversity and as “education policy,” “job satisfaction,” “motivation," “development," “human capital” was the previous subjects of this field. This research concluded that areas such as; “COVID-19”, “teacher self-efficacy,” “technology integration,” accountability,” “and “professional learning community” were hot and new.

Sound-absorbing coatings are of great importance in noise control, thus to make them technically and economically effective, their design optimization is a necessity. Multi-layered homogeneous linings, intended to provide a certain level of absorption, have recently been of much interest among the anechoic coatings. In the present work, first, a mathematical model, called Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) is introduced and validated to properly predict the acoustic response of cavity-less multi-layers. Next, a two-loop optimization technique aimed at maximizing the mean value of echo reduction and minimizing the layers’ total thickness is developed. The outer loop (GP) focuses on the number and order of the layers, while the inner (ICA) is dedicated to the thickness modification of each layer. Finally, results are demonstrated for some specific cases, where promising solutions are found for different constraints and conditions. As an example, comparing a homogeneous coating invented by the GP-ICA (#Generation 50 of Section 5.3) with a typical cavity-included coating used for sound absorption shows that the thickness of this new coating is reduced by nearly two-thirds (from 50 mm to 18 mm), while the first hit of the 20 dB band of Echo Reduction (ER) has reduced by 65 % (from 20 kHz to 7 kHz), and almost did not fall from this level until the end of the frequency domain of interest (40 kHz). That’s while the conventional coating frequency response dropped soon after hitting the 20 dB threshold.

One of the important challenges of many countries, including Iran, is the lack of teachers, which have resorted to different methods to solve this problem, and one of these plans in Iran was the immediate employment of student teachers. The purpose of this research is to examine the challenges of the immediate employment plan from the perspective of student teachers who were included in this plan.

The method of this research is of qualitative type and it was carried out using the analysis method. The statistical population of the research included the incoming students of Farhangian University in 2018, who started teaching as teachers in the last year of the university. Among them, 14 people were selected using the purposeful sampling method. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, and the researcher reached theoretical saturation with this number, and Max Kyuda software was used to analyze the qualitative data.

Based on the findings of the research, 57 open codes, 11 free codes, and three core codes were identified with the titles of educational components, organization, and students' perspectives. Free codes included: factors related to the past semesters, factors related to the remaining semesters, teachers and teaching, facilities and equipment, guidelines, AP and university coordination, financial and planning issues, educational components. As a result the implementation of this plan was faced with several challenges that must be considered for its re-implementation.

Introduction : 

 Oxidative stress is an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants at the cellular level which leads to the condition of infertility in male. Oxidation of cell macromolecules, cell death by necrosis, apoptosis and damage of tissue structure are the results of another oxidative stress damage. This process eventually leads to a variety of diseases, reduced growth performance and even death (Min et al. 2018). Poultry face a variety of environmental, technological, nutritional, and biological stresses that reduce their productivity and reproductive performance. Most of these stresses at the molecular level are associated with oxidative stress and damage to biologically important molecules (Surai et al. 2019). Qualitative characteristics of sperm, blood testosterone level, and plasma lipid peroxidation are affected by severe oxidative stress (Khan, 2011). Vitamin E is an important known antioxidant and protect cell membrane of sperm cell from damage of reactive oxygen species in male reproductive system of animal. Feeding of this vitamin has beneficial effect on testes weight, semen quality indexes, testosterone and antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in birds and mammals. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of diet vitamin E supplementation on fresh sperm quality in broiler breeder roosters challenged with oxidative-stress.

Eighteen Ross 308 male broiler breeder at 28 weeks of age were randomly assigned into 3 experimental groups including control group, dexamethasone group (subcutaneous injection of 4 mg dexamethasone per kg body weight) and dexamethasone group receiving supplemented diet with of vitamin E (200 mg per kg of feed). Each experimental group consisted of 6 birds. Sperm samples were taken from roosters using abdominal massage method and analyzed for quality characteristics and antioxidant status. Sperm concentration was determined by counting spermatpzoa using hemocytometer. The pooled sperm sample was diluted by using poultry semen extender and then 10 µl of diluted sperm mixed with 10 ml of 3% NaCl. The chambers of hemacytometer filled with 10 µl sperm suspension and allowed to settle for 3 mines.  Numbers of sperm cell in 5 of the large squares of chamber were assessed. Computer assisted semen analyses (CASA) were performed to determine sperm motility, with settings adjusted to detecting domestic fowl according to a previously described method (Froman and Feltmann, 2000). Total, progressive and non-progressive motility (%), as well as immotile sperms were measured. Also, sperm kinematic values including straight line velocity (VSL (µm/s)), curvilinear velocity (VCL (µm/s), average path velocity (VAP (µm/s), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH (µm), and beat-cross frequency (BCF (Hz) were measured. Progression ratios were also calculated using the mentioned velocity measurements: straightness (STR = VSL/VAP) and linearity (LIN = VSL/VCL).

The results indicate that dexamethasone-induced oxidant stress caused an increase in MDA levels (5.4) and a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (52.51) and superoxide dismutase (108.62), as well as sperm motility parameters and sperm cell membrane integrity in comparison to the control group. However, when vitamin E was added to the roosters' diet, it improved the negative effects of oxidative stress on sperm motility parameters, antioxidant status (Total antioxidant capacity (1.65), superoxide dismutase (155.10) and glutathione peroxidase (87.77) enzymes), sperm viability (88.05), and sperm cell membrane integrity (89.72) (P<0.05). These findings suggest that dexamethasone injection caused a sharp decline in sperm quality by reducing sperm motility, antioxidant enzyme activity, and plasma membrane integrity, while vitamin E supplementation improved sperm quality by enhancing the antioxidant status and protecting the sperm cell membrane from the damage caused by reactive oxygen species in broiler breeders. Avian sperm are highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation due to their high content of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Lipid peroxidation produces reactive species that damage sperm membrane function and motility, ultimately reducing the fertility potential of aged roosters. Therefore, the antioxidant defense plays a critical role in maintaining semen quality (Surai et al., 2006).

It can be concluded that the inclusion of vitamin E in diet remarkably improved the sperm motility characteristics and antioxidant status of sperm in broiler breeder roosters challenged with oxidative stress. On bases of this finding it’s recommended to use of vitamin E in the rooster diet to elucidate negative effect of oxidative stress.

Since 2019, the coronavirus has become a global problem and Iran has a high mortality rate in this regard. Dentistry and medicine are considered to be high-risk jobs during the pandemic, and it is essential that dentists and general practitioners have sufficient information to deal with the virus. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the knowledge and attitude of dentists and general practitioners in Isfahan regarding COVID-19 disease. Materials &

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 200 dentists and general practitioners working in Isfahan. The data was collected by questionnaire and the prepared data were statistically analyzed by, independent t-test, ANOVA and calculating the mean.

The mean scores of general knowledges of dentists and general practitioners were 4.19 ± 1.24 and 4.35 ± 1.36, respectively, and their mean scores of specialized knowledges were 3.71 ± 1.49 and 1.32 ± 4.46 out of 7, respectively. The relationship between specialized knowledge score and degree was significant (p value = 0.001). The mean score of attitude with the subject of "concern about corona" in dentists and general practitioners were 3.39 ± 12.3 and 20.86 ± 2.68 and the mean score of attitude with the subject of "personal protection and preventive measures" in both Group was calculated 26.32 out of 35.

In the present study, dentists and general practitioners had sufficient knowledge about most aspects of COVID-19 disease, but they did not have sufficient knowledge about the incubation period of Corona virus and personal protection protocols and there is an urgent need for training in this regard. They also had a positive attitude towards the use of personal protective equipment.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the content of the articles in the International Multidisciplinary Journal of Pure Life (IMJPL) and answer the question about the characteristics and specifications of the articles and the authors of the articles.METHOD AND

In the present research, the content analysis method is used as a descriptive method. The statistical population of this research is the ten published issues of the IMJPL since the journal was promoted to the rank and its articles became English i.e. number 23 to number 32, and the statistical sample of this research included 60 articles published in these issues. The unit of analysis, was the relevant topics of the 11-question checklists of this research in the quarterly articles. The method of this research was collected by referring to the titles and contents, citations of the articles, and the required information. The data were analyzed using collection tools and descriptive statistics such as data classification according to frequency distribution and frequency percentage using SPSS software version 26.

80% of the articles were written as a group, men are so active than women, and 19 are faculty members, also among the participating countries, Iran with 71 authors, 93% of qualitative articles, 82% were descriptive-analytical articles, Islamic Azad University and Al-Mustafa International University With ten authors, The Meaning of Life with 24 articles, keywords: life with 11 repetitions, had the most quantity and the qualitative analysis of the articles was also reviewed.

Educational technology has grown appreciably in recent years and the number of books and articles published in this field is increasing day by day, and therefore the necessity of scientific research is determined. The current research is a kind of descriptive study that was carried out using scientometric indicators. the research area includes all the articles on Educational technology that were indexed in the Science Direct citation database from 1999 to 2022, and after filtering them, 7550 of them were analyzed with the help of Excel and VOS Viewer software. It was analyzed for analysis and display of data. The results of the research show that the number of articles has an upward trend and 2015 had the largest share in the number of articles. Also, Research articles (7,442), Journal Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences (2,111) and scientific field Social Sciences (3,220) were ranked first. 13 clusters were identified that the topics of lifelong learning, instructional design, secondary education, interactive learning environment, architectures for educational, and pedagogical are very popular and also Previous in the field of Elearning and subjects: COVID-19, artificial intelligence, gamification, learning analytics, augmented reality, and Distance learning are new in the field of Educational Technology.

The current research aims to review and analyze the content and citations of Poish quarterly articles in humanities education. The research method, content analysis, and citation that was done using Excel and SPSS software. The findings of the research showed that 77 articles were published in 10 issues of this quarterly magazine, from issue 16 to issue 25, of which 48 article titles were written as a group and the rest were written individually, the total number of citations was 2256, and the average number of citations for each article was 29.30. . Authors' self-citation was 10% and on average 10.45 external citations, 1.1 citations from the site, 12.6 citations from books, 14.93 citations from articles, and 0.74 citations from master's and doctoral theses. 65% of the authors of the articles were men and 35% were women. Also, 42.9% of the authors had the rank of assistant professor. Articles with 1135 citations and books with 972 citations are higher than other sources. Qualitative methods were used more with 64%, and curriculum and philosophy subjects with 16.9% also had the largest range of articles. As a result, paying more attention to internal documents, presenting group and interdisciplinary articles, increasing the quality of the publication, and paying attention to the neglected areas of humanities education such as; Physical education, economics, history, law, and other disciplines can lead to the improvement of the quality of the publication.

The present paper, with a future research approach, identifies the most important challenges affecting the achievement of its goals in educating teachers at Farhangian University and tries to draw its desired perspectives in the time horizon of 1410. This research is based on Delphi methods and structural analysis in terms of nature and has a practical purpose using documentary and survey methods. Also in the present study, through a questionnaire from 17 professors of Farhangian University, the problem was raised. In this framework, the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by two methods of content validity as well as structural validity and reliability with the help of Cronbach's alpha (0.967). The research data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and statistical tests, and Mick Mac software was also used for structural analysis of challenges. Findings indicate that among the main challenges, educational, managerial and infrastructure challenges, respectively, and among the sub-challenges, the two variables of attracting efficient teachers and the quality of educational services play a key role among other variables. Based on this, the effects of variables on each other and their effectiveness, as well as variables that have indirect effects and have a lot of potential, were determined and identified. Finally, a comprehensive plan has been drawn in the form of a leading horizon in 1410 in order to use all its capacities to enable the realization of the strategic goals of Farhangian University as a mission-oriented university in the field of education.

Considering the necessity of scientometric research in the growth and development of all sciences, the purpose of this research is to review and analyze the articles related to this field. The research method is descriptive-applied and includes all the articles in the field of future studies of politics that were indexed in the Science Direct citation database from 1999 to 2022. After filtering the articles, 10319 of them were analyzed with the help of Excel and VOS Viewer software to analyze and display the data. The findings of the research show that the number of articles has been increasing since 1999 and 2020 had the largest share in the number of articles. Also, research articles with a number of 9500 articles, social sciences, and medicine with a number of 601 articles were ranked first. Also, 12 clusters were identified that the topics: covid-19, racism, misinformation, crisis communication, analysis of sentiments have diversity, as well as acculturation, leadership, identity, internet, the government were the aforementioned categories of this field and fields such as; Social solidarity, social participation, political trust, international public relations, collective effectiveness, transformative leadership, legitimacy, social vulnerability, human rights, cyberbullying, human capital and discourse analysis were given less attention. As a result, paying attention to new and hot research areas and neglected areas can be studied by researchers and those interested in this field.

Considering the importance of scientometric research in this field, the present research was conducted with the aim of examining and analyzing scientific productions in the field of teacher internship. The research method is descriptive-applied and the research community includes; All articles related to teacher internships that were indexed in the Science Direct citation database from 1998 to 2022. 3899 articles were identified using internship keywords (school, teacher, student, education, teaching, etc.) and after refining them, 1306 articles were analyzed with the help of Excel and VOSviewer software. The findings of the research showed that the number of articles published in this field has been on the rise since 1998, and the year 2021 had the largest share in the number of articles. From among 8 clusters identified, teacher training, higher education, and mentoring had the most links with other categories. Topics such as virtual internship, self-efficacy and maintaining teachers' ability, covid-19, and 21st-century skills were new topics investigated in this field. As a result, conducting more studies with topics related to the conditions of society and more detailed topics can be a way to improve the performance of teachers' internship courses.

Scientometric analysis within the field of ethics education to spot hot spots and analysis gaps is taken into account as a necessity.

The research method is descriptive-applied, and the research area includes all the articles on ethics education that were indexed in the Science Direct citation database from 1999 to 2022, and after filtering them, 24,939 of them were analyzed with the help of Excel and VOS Viewer software for analysis and display of data. The results of the research show that the number of articles has an upward trend and 2021 (1,121) had the largest share in the number of articles. Also, Research articles (8,140), journal of Social Science and Medicine (554), and the scientific field of Social Sciences (5,720) were ranked first.

Ethics, Education, corporate social responsibility, sustainability, culture, qualitative research, covid-19, gender, religion, have the most occurrence. 10 clusters were identified that the topics of informed consent, medical ethics, justice, professionalism, moral educationin are Previous, and also subjects: Covid-19, sustainability, Artificial Intelligence, Resilience, moral distressare, moral disagreement, moral disengagement are new and professional identity, self-efficacy, public interest, transformational leadership, social cognition, beneficence, professional values, fraud, public policy, professionalization, pedagogical issues can be new and independent and maybe it indicates the review attention of the research towards them, in the field of ethics education.

Despite the content and structural challenges, the teaching methods of history teachers are always considered as one of the most important issues of history education, however, a comprehensive solution to solve this problem has not yet been provided by experts in this field. If students do not have a participatory and active role in the history teaching process, education will be boring, pointless and confusing. This is despite the fact that cartoons as a medium for developing humor, critical thinking, logical thinking and enlightening history for students can be considered as one of the most significant tools for teaching history. The purpose of this research is to improve the quality of history teaching and increase students' interaction and participation in history lessons using cartoon media. In this paper, a qualitative and analytical descriptive method has been used, and data collection has been done using a fishing tool. The findings of the article show that cartoons can increase synergy, increase critical thinking, play the role of a complementary tool, increase self-confidence, increase students' peace and confidence, provide entertainment, increase creativity, increase the objectivity of history, and increase the durability of learning. Solve some of the upcoming challenges in history education. Based on this, the design of specialized courses for history students, the revision of history textbooks, and the need to design educational-historical cartoons are suggested.