amirhossein shaddel

Not everyone can pursue everything or examine every subject. The different conceptual levels of public policy making, including frameworks, theories and models, are designed and developed to enhance understanding and simplify complex situations. However, using them requires recognizing their distinctions. This research is a fundamental in orientation, qualitative in terms of data type, and utilizes a library-based method for data collection. A systematic literature review method has been employed for data analysis. The findings of the study indicate that public policy making concepts applicable at the framework level include the institutional development and analysis framework and the Advocacy coalition framework. The concepts classified at the theory level include the discrete equilibrium theory, the theory of multiple streams, the theory of policy networks, and the theory of social construction. At the model level, the rationality model, process model, institutional model, systemic model and garbage can model are examined. Furthermore, the conceptual levels of public policy making are also longitudinally connected through common criteria, including objectives, approach of actors, field of action. Examining and comparing these conceptual levels enables policy scholars to position their scientific contributions within these levels, define their boundaries, and avoid confusion among models, theories, and frameworks.

Information systems are a set of interrelated elements which collect, analyze and distribute information. Most organizations have a traditional performance system that in them, all things are done manually by humans. This traditional method has several weaknesses such as human error in the data recording process, inability to respond quickly and accurately to the needs of the stakeholders, inability to quickly and accurately extract the required information, low speed and accuracy of the processing process. Designing and building a foresight support system and benefiting from information and communication technology, along with creating a network of elites for the purpose of knowledge support and providing knowledge-based services, provides conditions for managers to perform their duties efficiently. The research method in the forward writing is based on the method of data collection in the form of documents and descriptive analysis. In this research, it has been discussed that the design and construction of an information system includes four categories of action: 1) planning, 2) analysis and review, 3) design, and 4) implementation, and the "planning" stage plays the most important role in this process.

The use of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence is very important in the field of management and decision-making. Organizations need to invest in developing their capabilities in this area and ensure that artificial intelligence is used in an ethical and responsible manner to compete in the digital age. This research aims to investigate the future of management and decision-making by deploying systems and tools based on artificial intelligence. This research has been done using library resources and the latest researches in the field of the role of artificial intelligence in management and decision making. The benefits of using artificial intelligence in management and decision-making are: accelerating the collection of large and complex data, empowering organizations to make the right decisions, Automating routine decisions, etc. At the end, research and executive suggestions for scientific and strategic activities are presented to researchers and managers. More research is needed to explore the capabilities of emerging technologies in the field of management and decision making.

This study aims to identify the organizational responsibilities of managers in providing employees with “commands” and its related derivatives by examining the verses of the Holy Quran.

The methodology used in this study to explore the role of command in organizational culture in the light of the Holy Quran is the subjective research method within the Holy Quran. Hadiths, interpretive, translation, and lexical sources were also utilized to enrich the research. Thematic axes were designed, and the extracted concepts were organized under them.

Competent managers issue commands by assessing the situation and considering various conditions to ensure their successful implementation. These conditions include adherence to organizational rules and regulations, clear communication of rules and commands, continuous development and self-improvement of managers, fostering an organizational environment that resembles a family where managers pay attention to employees as if they were family members, implementing an employee meal plan, managing based on individual employee characteristics, encouraging organizational participation of employees, managing the organization with trust in God (a vital value that affects all managerial duties), and employing a system of encouragement and punishment.

The responsibilities of managers in commanding employees within organizations encompass three distinct phases: pre-commanding, commanding, and post-commanding, each involving various components.

Command in an organization is a tool used by managers and leaders but determining how to do this is complicated. In this study, verses of the Holy Quran that dealt with the subject of commanding were examined and Prerequisites of effective and efficient command system were extracted in the organization. The methodology used in this study to better explain the role of command in organizational culture in the light of the Holy Quran is the subjective research method in the Holy Quran. Hadith, interpretive, translation and lexical sources were also used to enrich the research. Finally, the thematic axes were designed and the extracted concepts were placed under them. The role of command in organizational culture based on holy Quran can be summarized in three categories: 1) Command Preparations 2) Command symmetries 3) Command pursuits that each of them has its own conditions for the successful implementation of the command system in the organization that in this research, the prerequisites for command have been stated.

Various sciences have been proposed in the field of identifying the complexity and dynamics arising from the internal and external environment of organizations which point to the need for managers' knowledge to make decisions. Examples include future studies, knowledge management and innovation management are examples of these. This research has been done with library and focus group studies. The result shows the relationship between future studies, knowledge management and innovation management with the mediating role of knowledge management. Knowledge management plays a supporting role in managing innovation and its output is used in the field of innovation management. In other words, the output of knowledge management is the input of innovation management and the output of future studies can be used in the role of input in knowledge management.