amirreza moradi

Hugo point massage is a non-pharmacological method suggested to reduce pain, commonly experienced after invasive procedures. This study aimed to assess the effect of Hugo point massage on pain caused by venous catheterization.

In this double-blinded RCT, 68 surgical candidates meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups via dice rolling. The intervention group received a three-minute Hugo point massage before venipuncture in the antecubital area, performed by a nurse. The control group underwent standard venipuncture by the same nurse. Pain was assessed using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) before, during, and five minutes after venipuncture. Statistical analyses, including Chi-square, Repeated Measure ANOVA, Fisher's Exact Test, Post Hoc, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, were conducted using SPSS v.16 with a significance level of P<0.05.

The mean age of participants was 51.47 ± 4.28 years. Pain intensity scores (Mean ± SD) were significantly lower in the intervention group (4.33±0.42) compared to the control group (8.21±1.03). No significant differences were observed between the groups before the intervention, but a significant reduction in pain was noted five minutes after venipuncture in the intervention group (P<0.05).

A three-minute Hugo point massage before venipuncture significantly reduces catheterization pain.

Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent and advancing cardiovascular disorder that impacts 1-2% of the worldwide population, particularly the elderly. Studies indicate that the intravenous administration of apelin may yield advantageous effects in preventing heart failure subsequent to myocardial injury. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of exogenous apelin administration on heart failure in animal models, in light of the lack of a definitive consensus on the matter.

An extensive search was performed in theMedline (via PubMed),Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases till the end of January 2024. Two independent reviewers screened and summarized the relevant articles. Outcomes related to cardiac function, including ejection fraction (EF), maximum and minimumrate of left ventricle systolic pressure (+dp/dt and –dp/dt, respectively), heart rate, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) were assessed. Findings were reported as a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI).

12 studies were included. Pooled analysis demonstrated that early treatment with apelin following myocardial injury significantly increases +dp/dt (SMD = 2.36; 95% CI: 1.58 to 3.15; p < 0.001) and decreases -dp/dt (SMD = -3.31; 95% CI: -4.46 to -2.17; p < 0.001). Furthermore, the administration of apelin resulted in a significant increase in EF (SMD = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.15 to 1.44; p = 0.02) and LVSP (SMD = 2.09; 95% CI: 0.82 to 3.36; p < 0.001), while it led to a decrease in LVEDP in the animals (SMD = -1.85; 95% CI: -2.81 to -0.88; p < 0.001). Noteworthy, apelin treatment was shown to have no significant influence on the heart rate of the animals (SMD = -0.12; 95% CI: -0.82 to -0.58; p = 0.73).

The current study demonstrated that the early administration of apelin has the potential to improve cardiac function and mitigate the onset of heart failure subsequent to myocardial injury. Further, in vivo research is essential to lay the groundwork for the integration of apelin into clinical practice.

The applicability of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) level 1B range-rate data to detect gravity changes caused by significant earthquakes (M6.0-6.9) has been investigated. The most common product of the GRACE mission is the level 2, science data, as the spherical harmonic Stokes’ coefficients of the geopotential. These coefficients have been generated from Level 1B data, resulting in missing some information during the smoothing process. In this study, the GRACE level 1B K-band range-rate measurements over three selected cells in Iran were analyzed, including two cells containing the epicenters of the Borujerd earthquake (6.1 Mw) and the Zarand earthquake (6.4 Mw), which occurred on March 31, 2006, and February 22, 2005, respectively, and one cell far enough from those two cells. Additionally, the range-rate time series attributed to Iran's main catchments containing the aforementioned zones have been extracted to distinguish between the impacts of earthquakes and hydrology on the range-rate time series. Besides, the impact of factors other than earthquakes, such as tides and non-gravitational accelerations acting on the GRACE satellites has been corrected. To better explore the extracted signals, their details have been derived using wavelet transforms, and the corresponding anomalies have been detected using the boxplot method. The considerable anomalies observed in areas within or near the  epicenters of earthquakes before and after the events indicate that the GRACE and GRACE Follow-On range-rate time series can be considered as potential precursors to a major earthquake.

Due to the high-power consumption and complexity of fully digital baseband precoding, its implementation in massive millimeter-wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is not cost-efficient and practical; for this reason, hybrid precoding has attracted a lot of attention in recent years.  Most hybrid precoding techniques concentrate on the fully-connected structure, although they require lots of phase shifters, which is high energy-consuming. On the contrary, the partially-connected structure has low power consumption, nevertheless, suffers from a severe decrease in spectral efficiency (SE). To enhance SE, this paper proposed a dynamic hybrid precoding structure where a switch network is able to provide dynamic connections from phase shifters to radio frequency (RF) chains. To determine the digital precoder and the states of switch, a novel alternating minimization algorithm is proposed, which leverages closed-form solutions at each iteration to efficiently converge to an optimal solution. Furthermore, the phase shifter matrix is optimized through an iterative solution. The simulation results show that in terms of SE, the proposed algorithm with a dynamic structure achieves higher performance than the partial structure. Also, since the proposed structure reduces the number of phase shifters, it can guarantee better energy efficiency (EE) than the fully connected structure.

The use of millimeter wave (mmWave) massive multiple input multiple output (Ma-MIMO) systems makes it possible to meet the essential needs of future generation wireless systems and solve the impending wireless network crisis. The mmWave Ma-MIMO Technique offers higher numbers of antennas and carrier frequencies. Hybrid precoding is considered as a key technique for the practical deployment of mmWave Ma-MIMO systems, since it significantly decreases the implementation costs, energy consumption, and hardware complexity. The large using of mmWave Ma-MIMO technologies in future generation wireless systems, causes imperative develop cost-effective hybrid precoding solutions that match the various application cases of these systems. The fully-connected structure can offer spectral efficiency (SE) close to the fully-digital precoding but, unfortunately with high energy consumption. Furthermore, the sub-connected structure with reduced power consumption, provides poor SE. Therefore, the trade-off between SE and energy efficiency (EE), can be made, and in this paper, we consider an adaptive sub-connected (ASC) hybrid precoding structure, where a switch network is able to provide dynamic connections from phase shifters to radio frequency (RF)chains. The simulation results indicate that in terms of SE, the proposed algorithm with ASC structure obtains higher performance than the sub-connected structure. As a result, since the ASC structure reduces the number of phase shifters, it can offer a better EE compared to the sub-connected structure.

Awareness of knowledge and attitude of rangeland owners towards the problems and management of this ecosystem is essential for decision making and planning. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the views of rangers and natural resources experts on the impact of the implementation of rangeland projects as well as their participation and cooperation in the success of these projects. The study area was the city of Torbat-e Jam. Examining the rangeland management plans of Torbat-e-Jam city from 1993 to 2014, it was found that five plans in Bashirabad, Cheshmeh Gol, Goyi, Timanak Sofla, and Jahanabad areas have been implemented. The statistical population of the study includes 464 farmers who are pastoralists with grazing licenses. Using Cochran's formula, 186 samples were systematically randomly selected and questioned. Then, from the statistical analysis of the data and by examining all the measured variables and components, it was found that there is a significant linear relationship between the views of regional stakeholders and economic, educational, social participation, and institutional cooperation. The results showed that the most important components affecting the view of stakeholders to participate in rangeland projects are the study of economic and social needs before the approval of projects and approval of projects following the needs of villagers, including income and housing, and selection of executors from among stakeholders. It is suggested that to improve the results of watershed management projects in the study area, continuous coordination between the extension departments of the cities to hold orientation, training, and cooperation-oriented classes in the field of proper rangeland management should be on the agenda.

Air pollution and its negative effects on human health have become a major issue around the world, especially in developing countries and Iran. Contaminants such as nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and aerosols, in addition to having significant negative health consequences, cause to damage vegetation and contribute to global climate change. Therefore, the comprehensive monitoring of pollutants and, consequently, appropriate management decisions to address the issue is required. Remote sensing methods, especially Sentinel-5, the European Space Agency's most recent project (in collaboration with the Netherlands), which allows for the capture of images in various spectral bands using a TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI)sensor, are recognized as a useful tool for monitoring various types of air pollutants.-

In this analysis, the most significant air contaminants such as nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and aerosol were monitored using Sentinel-5 satellite images for 20 major industrial cities in Iran in 2019 and 2020. A large number of level-3 images collected from Google Earth Engine were used in this research. Ground-based stations were used to verify the monitoring process.-

The results show that monitoring values obtained using Sentinel-5 satellite images are at least 78 percent correlated with ground-based station values. As a result, it has been demonstrated that Sentinel-5 satellite images can be successfully used in management studies with the aim of reducing air pollution. Based on the results, it can also be inferred that, Tehran and Zanjan are respectively the most and the least polluted city in terms of total carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and dust in 2019. The same is true in 2020. It is also clear that air pollution levels in Karaj and Kermanshah increased significantly in 2020 compared to 2019. Another significant finding is that, in general, air pollution levels in 2020 are lower than in 2019. One significant explanation may be the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, which resulted in a decrease in industrial activity and reduced traffic and congestion on the roads.-

In general, the results of this research showed that it is possible to systematically monitor the air pollutants using images captured by TROPOMI sensor on the Sentinel-5 satellite with acceptable accuracy. The results of this study can help researchers and urban managers for appropriate management in metropolitan areas.