anaheed hussein kareem

In this study, the prepared, characterization, and photo-catalytic performance of zinc oxide/activated carbon (ZnO/AC) nanocomposites prepared via hydrothermal process to be applied for advanced oxidative process (AOPs). The ZnO/AC nanocomposites was characterized via field emission scanning electron microscopes (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) analyses. Different parameters were utilized to achieve best conditions including, weight of nanocomposite, and concentration of Riboflavin drug. Likewise, the photo-degradation appear high efficiency and activity when reused 5 cycles and confirm results that this photo-catalyst has promising prospects and a high ability to remove pollution from aqueous solution. Furthermore, AC can be a realistic and affordable re-placement for pricey noble metals. Photocatalytic activities of the catalytic adsorbents are used as model pollutant (Riboflavin drug) under UV irradiation. ZnO/AC nanocomposites showed excellent photo-catalytic activity (~99% degradation of drug in 60 min) compared with that of bare ZnO NPs and AC. In addition, a recycle or reused experiment demonstrated the best stability of the nanocomposite; the ratio photo-degradation of ZnO/AC reached last more 70% after five cycle successive runs and possessed strong photo-catalytic ability. The improve photo-catalytic activities may be related to the effects of the relatively high surface area. The best data between the studied photo-catalysts appear the drug removal efficiency of ∼92% in 1 h under UV light irradiation.

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) treated and oxidized with sulfuric acid were utilized as a higher adsorbent for fast removal of sulfadiazine hydrochloride (SFD) drug from aqueous solutions. The effect of different important parameters like equilibrium time (5-60 min), temperature 10-40 oC, pH (3-10), adsorbent dosage (0.001-0.05 g), and concentration of drug (10-100 mg/L) were well studied and optimized. As a result of the value optimization of different factors such as equilibrium time 30 min, temperature 30 ᵒC, solution pH 3, concentration of drug 50 mg/L, and weight of MWCNT 0.03 g. The adsorbent MWCNT was characterized via FE-SEM, TEM, and EDX analyses. The development of MWCNT shows a better potential (removal percentage 97.29% and adsorption capacity Qe 162.15 mg/g) within 1 hr for best drug removal from aqueous solution. The isotherm result was found fitted and in best agreement with the isotherm Freundlich model. The higher and fast removal of drugs was done using MWCNTs in a very short period of time, and the best adsorption efficacy of the developed adsorbent in comparison with developed adsorbent establishes the importance of this research.

In this work, a coal fly ash (CFA) as a waste generated from chimney furnaces was tested as a low-cost adsorbent to streptomycin (SPM) drug removal from aqueous solution. Treatment of the samples coal fly ash was performed to reduce cost the of end use. CFA composition depends on the kind of coal utilized and has crystalline and no crystalline character. CFA is a valuable material and extensively utilized in cement production and as a higher adsorbent for water treatment. The physical properties like surface area, morphology, porosity, and chemical composition (alumina, iron oxide, silica, and titania) make CFA efficient material for wastewater treatment. The CFA was characterized via chemical and physical techniques, like FE-SEM, TEM, and EDX. The best optimum condition of adsorption method for SPM drug removal onto CFA, several factors were studied like, effect of contact time solution pH, concentration of drug, adsorbent dosage, and solution temperature. The percentage removal of SPM drug increased while the modified CFA dosage increased. The removal percentage % of drug increased with decreased drug concentration, also increased with increase quantity of CFA. The best of SPM drug removal found 91.76 % at concentration of drug 10 g/mL, adsorbent dosage 0.05 g, temperature 25 oC, and solution pH of 6.6. The adsorption models were tested with two isotherms like isotherm Langmuir, and isotherm Freundlich, the adsorption model was found to follow the model Freundlich.

Todays, activated carbon derived from biomass sources has wide applications. In this study, activated carbon of tea waste has been considered for adsorption of phenylephrine hydrochloride drug from aqueous solution via batch adsorption process. The adsorption tests were carried out under several conditions such as equilibrium time, pH, adsorbent dose, and temperature. FESEM, TEM, and EDX techniques applied for characterization of activated carbon of tea waste before and after adsorption. The equilibrium results fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and it has been described as well via Freundlich model with best multilayer adsorption efficiency. According to analyses and experimental data, activated carbon of tea waste as a low cost, economically feasible and abundantly available adsorbent has great potential to high removal efficiency for phenylephrine hydrochloride drug.

The study aimed to evaluate the hematological effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on adult male Albino-NMRI mice, highlighting the lack of understanding about their impact on biological systems due to their multifunctional properties in nanotechnology. Over a 28-day period, mice were administered oral doses of ZnO nanoparticles at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg body weight. Hematological parameters such as white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) counts, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and platelet (PLT) count were measured, alongside coagulation tests. The study utilized a Sysmex XN-1000 hematology analyzer for blood cell counts and observed coagulation time and clot strength using standard laboratory techniques. Results indicated that most hematological parameters remained unchanged across the groups. Nevertheless, a significant increase in neutrophil count was observed in the 4th group (9.35 K/µL in Group 4 vs. 8.93 K/µL in the control group), suggesting a dose-dependent response. Additionally, a notable prolongation in blood coagulation time was observed in the same group (9.18 min in the 4th Group vs. 6.70 min in the control group), indicating potential alterations in the hemostatic function. These findings suggest that while ZnO nanoparticles do not significantly alter most blood parameters, they may affect neutrophil count and coagulation time at higher doses. This study underscores the importance of understanding the biological interactions of nanoparticles to ensure their safe application in various industries. The study establishes safety guidelines for handling and disposing ZnO nanoparticles, demonstrating a commitment to public health and environmental stewardship in nanotechnology advancement.