azadeh hekmat

The tyrosinase enzyme catalysis monophenols to melanin pigments through the melanogenesis process. For this reason, various inhibitors have been studied for enzyme regulations in melanogenesis abnormalities in both the food and cosmetics industries. In this study, the effect of humic acid (Hu) and fulvic acid (Fu) on the structure, activity, and stability of mushroom tyrosinase (MT) was investigated.

These two organic acids are the main components of soil humus. Assessment of the thermodynamic and structural stability of enzymes was obtained through thechemical and thermal denaturations and (8-anilino-naphthalene sulfonic acid) ANS fluorescence analysis. The Hu and Fu impact on A375 melanoma cancer cell viability was achieved by MTT assay.  

The results of enzyme half denaturation concentration (Cm), melting points (Tm), ΔG0 values and external fluorescence emissions in the presence of Hu and FA proved the reduction of the thermodynamic and structural stability of MT by these compounds. The anti-proliferation effects of the compounds were confirmed by the inhibitory concentrations of 50% (IC50) of 31.5 and 42.7 µM and 12.5 and µM at time points of 24 and 48 hours treatments of the A375 melanoma cell line by Hu and Fu, respectively.

Humic and fulvic acids can be expected to contribute to advancing skin disorder science play a crucial role in tyrosinase related disorders and anti-cancer effects, and good candidates for medical applications.

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a new anti-cancer therapeutic method in the field of plasma medicine, with high selectivity to kill cancer cells more than normal cells. In recent years plasma-activated solutions, specifically plasma-activated medium (PAM) have also shown their selective anti-cancer effect, like direct CAP treatment. Different sources produce plasma, and the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of various plasma production devices on the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

The effect of PAM produced from three different sources of cold atmospheric plasma on the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was compared using the MTT test.

The cells treated with PAM of the Parla plasma jet in 1, 2, 3, and 4 minutes decreased the viability of the cells by 35%, respectively. The cells treated with PAM of electric charge discharge plasma device caused significant cell death, but the culture cells treated with PAM of argon plasma jet device did not affect cell survival.

The present findings showed that the type of cold atmospheric plasma source is effective on cell survival rate.

Mumijo is a traditional drug that has been used in traditional medicine for a long time and its aqueous extract is used for the treatment of osteoporosis and bone fractures. Besides, in modern medicine, nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nHA) has achieved immense attention for bone integration and regeneration of bony defects treatment. Since the frequency of accidental bone disorders and damage is growing worldwide, the need for artificial bone implants is increasing. Thus, in this study, the fibrillar beta-lactoglobulin (BLG)-Mumijo-nHA complex was synthesized and characterized by UV–Visible, fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared, circular dichroism spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and zeta potential analysis. The results showed that the fibrillar BLG-Mumijo-nHA complex was formed. The results also confirmed that the complex had a negative surface charge and was moderately stable. Cell viability assays indicated that fibrillar BLG-Mumijo-nHA complex induced bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell growth at higher concentrations. Although further experiments are warranted to draw firm conclusions, it could be proposed that the fibrillar BLG-Mumijo-nHA complex could be a good candidate for the treatment of osteoporosis and bone fractures.

Muscle atrophy is one of the problems that astronauts face after returning to earth. Myostatin is a known negative regulator of muscle growth. This study aimed to investigate the effects of simulated microgravity condition on mouse myotube cells (C2C12) growth and the myostatin gene expression. The morphological studies and MTT cytotoxicity assay showed no significant alternation in cells after 48h simulation microgravity, however, after 72h ~40% of cell death accrued (p<0.05). The AO/PI staining and DNA fragmentation analysis confirmed this observation too. Analysis of the gene expression revealed that simulated microgravity reduced myostatin gene expression significantly after 48h (p<0.0001), however, after 72h, increased significantly (P<0.001). So, inhibition of myostatin expression in differentiated myocyte cells of astronauts could be an effective procedure to reduce skeletal muscle atrophy under microgravity condition.

 This study aimed to investigate the effect of microgravity and light spectral composition on the levels of antioxidant enzyme activity, minerals, and  some photosynthetic pigments in Physalis alkekengi.

This study was performed in vitro. Seedlings were exposed to the microgravity treatments under two different light conditions, including white (C) and red+blue (R+B).

 The microgravity treatments were more capable of rapidly influencing growth performance than the light spectrum quality. Red+blue light increased the amount of chlorophyll a and b. Antioxidant enzymes under microgravity stress showed an increase, while changing the quality of the light spectrum did not make a significant difference. An increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in the microgravity treatment compared to the light spectrum. The amount of Cu+2 and Zn+2 were increased by the R+B+microgravity treatment. However, Mn+2 was increased in the microgravity treatment. The highest uptake of Fe+2 and Ca+2 was recorded under microgravity conditions. R+B+Microgravity treatment increased K+ content compared to white control. The microgravity treatment increased Mg+2 in the root cell.

 In general, microgravity and light spectrum can increase biomass. Microgravity has little effect on photosynthetic pigments, but the R+B light spectrum increased the pigments. Microgravity increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of MDA. The concentration of some elements in roots and leaves can be modified by the light and microgravity conditions.

In this work, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized through a simple and efficient hydrothermal method with the usage of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. seeds as a raw material. The synthesis of CQDs was confirmed by the usage of FTIR, FESEM, EDX, TEM, UV-Vis, and PL analyses. The photocatalytic activity of CQDs was investigated for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye as a target pollutant, resulting in the photodegradation percentage of 92% during 80 min, which indicates the effective role of CQDs in RhB decolorization under UVA-light irradiation. Also, the biocompatibility of CQDs was evaluated on normal (rat fibroblast) cell and cancer CT26 cell lines through the MTT assay, and the concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of CQDs was confirmed along with the IC50 value equal to 876 ppm against cancer CT26 cell lines.

This study was performed to evaluate some growth indices, antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, accumulation of soluble sugars and changes in total protein under microgravity conditions and light spectrum composition with four replications on P. alkekengi. Seedlings grown in vitro were exposed to the microgravity treatments under two different light conditions, including white (C) and red+blue (R+B). The results of this study showed that the treatment of R+B light spectrum increased seed germination and leaf relative water content (RWC) by 23.9% and 32.1% respectively, compared to control. Microgravity treatment under white light (Microgravity) and microgravity treatment under red+blue light (R+B+Microgravity) biomass increased 78.1% and 97.4% respectively, compared to the white control. The level of antioxidant activity in the treatment groups showed a significant increase in the leaves, which was the highest value under microgravity under R+B light (10.1%). R+B+Microgravity treatment significantly improved the total flavonoid content by about 19.6% compared to the control. The highest activity of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) enzyme was measured at 9.7% in the root under microgravity conditions. R+B light and microgravity treatment increased the amount of total protein and soluble sugar and also the simultaneous use of these two treatment showed the highest amount (71.8% and 45.1% respectively). The R+B light spectrum can be used improve seed germination and the RWC. In general, R+B+Microgravity treatment synergistically increases biomass, antioxidant activity, total protein and soluble sugars compared to white control.

Primordial germ cell (PGCs) lines are a source of a highly specialized type of cells, characteristically oocytes,during female germline development in vivo. The oocyte growth begins in the transition from the primary follicle. It isassociated with dynamic changes in gene expression, but the gene-regulating signals and transcription factors that control oocyte growth remain unknown. We aim to investigate the differentiation potential of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) into female germ-like cells by testing several signals and transcription factors. In this experimental study, mMSCs were extracted from mice femur bone using the flushingtechnique. The cluster-differentiation (CD) of superficial mesenchymal markers was determined with flow cytometric analysis. We applied a set of transcription factors including retinoic acid (RA), titanium nanotubes (TNTs), and fibrin such as TNT-coated fibrin (F+TNT) formation and (RA+F+TNT) induction, and investigated the changes in gene, MVH/ DDX4, expression and functional screening using an in vitro mouse oocyte development condition. Germ cell markers expression, (MVH / DDX4), was analyzed with Immunocytochemistry staining, quantitative transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis, and Western blots. The expression of CD was confirmed by flow cytometry. The phase determination of the TNTs and F+TNT were confirmed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), respectively. Remarkably, applying these transcription factors quickly induced pluripotent stem cells into oocyte-like cells that were sufficient to generate female germlike cells, growth, and maturation from mMSCs differentiation. These transcription factors formed oocyte-like cells specification of stem cells, epigenetic reprogramming, or meiosis and indicate that oocyte meiosis initiation and oocyte growth are not separable from the previous epigenetic reprogramming in stem cells in vitro. Results suggested several transcription factors may apply for arranging oocyte-like cell growth and supplies an alternative source of in vitro maturation (IVM).

 Noise pollution is one of the hazardous factors in the environment. One of the major sources of this sort of pollution is the noise produced by urban transportation, mostly subway and business centers. In this study, the noise pollution effects on the histopathological changes in the liver and kidney of Wistar male rats were investigated.

 Rats were arranged in 3 groups (control, and experimental, n=6). The control group was kept in the standard situation and the experimental groups were kept in Tehran grand bazaar and around sadeghiyeh metro station (west rose street). After eight weeks all animals were euthanized via cervical dislocation and tissue samples stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathology evaluation.

 In the samples of all the rats located around Sadeghiyeh subway and Tehran's grand bazaar, there is no difference in kidney volume between the control and experimental groups. Nonetheless the destruction of hepatocytes and cell degeneration around the central vein in liver tissue were observed in group placed around Sadeghiyeh subway.

 The results of this study showed that noise pollution in the two areas of Tehran's grand bazaar and Sadeghiyeh subway causes changes in liver tissue. Consequently, control and correction measures to reduce noise in these areas seem necessary.

Visfatin is known as one of the adipokines associated with the development of inflammation, but its role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver is less known so far. We aimed to investigate the association between visfatin gene polymorphism rs4730153 and insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

This case-control study was performed on 80 patients with NAFLD as well as 80 healthy participants as controls referred to Amir Al-Momenin and Bouali hospitals in Tehran. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP method. Plasma concentrations of visfatin and insulin were measured using ELISA kit. The fasting blood glucose, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, ALT, AST, SBP, DBP, and BMI levels were measured using the standard methods. Statistical analysis was also performed using SPSS software.

A significant difference was found in Visfatin level in the patients with NAFLD compared to this level in healthy individuals. The levels of HDL-C and LDL-C in healthy individuals and triglyceride in patients for GG, AG, and AA genotypes carriers also were significantly different. There was a significant relationship between rs4730153 polymorphism and insulin resistance; however, no association was found between this polymorphism and NAFLD. Notably, Visfatin showed a significant association with age (all individuals), body mass index (healthy individuals), insulin, and HOMA (in patients).

Visfatin levels reduced in patients with NAFLD. Moreover, rs4730153 polymorphism was indicated to be associated with both lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, but no association was found between this polymorphism and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

For many years, the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) has been used to treat various cancers; however, DOX initiates several critical adverse effects. Many studies have reported that non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma can provide novel, but challenging, treatment strategies for cancer patients. To date, tissues and cells have been treated with plasma-activated medium (PAM) as a practical therapy. Consequently, due to the harmful adverse effects of DOX, we were motivated to elucidate the impact of PAM in the presence of DOX on MCF-7 cell proliferation.

MTT assay, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) assay, and flow cytometry analysis were utilized in this research. 

The results demonstrated that 0.45 μM DOX combined with 3-min PAM significantly induced apoptosis (p< 0.01) through intracellular ROS generation in MCF-7 when compared with 0.45 μM DOX alone or 3-min PAM alone. In contrast, after treatment with 0.45 μM DOX plus 4-min PAM, cell necrosis was increased. Hence, DOX combined with 4-min PAM has cytotoxic effects with different mechanisms than 4-min PAM alone, in which the number of apoptotic cells increases.

Although further investigations are crucial, low doses of DOX plus 3-min PAM could be a promising strategy for cancer therapy. The findings from this research may offer advantageous and innovative clinical strategies for cancer therapy using PAM.

This study intended to perform a synthesizing procedure for amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) through a green template by the usage of brown rice (BR). ACP nanoparticles were obtained by application of a sol-gel method and comprehensively characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), zeta potential, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cytotoxic activity of ACP was evaluated in human epithelial type 2 (HEp-2) cell lines. The antibacterial effects of nanoparticles were appraised against Gram-positive Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis. The procedures for the evaluation of the characterization outcomes, dispersion, and stability of our product were confirmed by observing the smooth and uniformed surfaces of ACP. The zeta potential value of the synthesized sample was -22 mV, which indicates its acceptable stable condition caused by electrostatic repulsion. The cytotoxicity of the ACP nanoparticles was investigated in HEp-2 cells, and results showed no cytotoxicity for the synthesized nanoparticles. Also, the obtained minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ACP nanoparticles in opposition to S. mutans and E. faecalis was 15 and 20 µg/ml, respectively, indicating the resistance of E. faecalis in comparison to S. mutans and MBC for synthesized nanoparticles against S. mutans and E. faecalis strains was 20 and 25 µg/ml. The present study showed that this compound has no toxicity on the examined cell line. Also, the antibacterial properties of the synthesized ACP were approved by the obtained data, which enables the application of this material for therapeutic purposes in the pharmaceutical industry.

Many of traditional infertility treatment methods due to lack of gamete are ineffective.  Differentiation of stem cells to gamete germ cells may be a good choice for producing gametes for treatment of infertility in clinique. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSc) were obtained from femoral bone of adult NMRI mice by flushing method. Nano tube particles of titanium (TNT), retinoic acid and UV beam 254 ± 20 nm frequencies were used for differentiation of MSc to gamete germ cells. Ultrastructure of TNT was studied with FEM SE electron microscope. Fibrin coating of Nano tubes was evaluated by SEM. Nature and character of stem cells were measured using cluster– differentiation (CD) by flow cytometry confirmed by CD90, and CD31 markers.  Finally, MVH marker was used for assessment of differentiation of MSc to gamete germ cells with immunohistochemistry assay. Statistical data was analyzed by ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests. Electron microscopic pictures by FE SEM showed homogenous ultrastructure of titanium nanotubes in 10-15 nm diameters. Coating of TNT by fibrin was confirmed by SEM. MTT assay showed most survival rate of MSc cells in 50 µg/ml concentration of TNT. By CD90 and CD31 markers, nature of the stem cells was controlled by flow cytometry. Finally MVH marker expression showed differentiation of MSc to gamete germ cells in treated as compared to control groups and was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Application of TNT fibrin coated and UV beam can increase differentiation rate of BMMSc to gamete germ cells significantly as a clinical protocol.

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone that is an essential biomarker in oncology and pregnancy. The objective of this research was to examine the effect of ultrasonic irradiation (40 kHz) in various times of exposure (10 to 60 min) on the structure of hCG. The UV-Visible and near-UV CD data illustrated that ultrasonic irradiation could induce alterations in the tertiary structure of hCG and these conformational variations were irreversible. The ultrasonic-induced variations were observed in the intrinsic fluorescence emission. Furthermore, after long periods of exposure, ANS affinity to hCG incremented considerably. A transition to the random coil was observed in far-UV CD data. Ultrasonic irradiation could increment the negative surface charge on hCG. The effect of ultrasonic time revealed initial increment and eventual reduction in hCG size. After 60 min exposure, some new bands were observed at the SDS-PAGE profile of hCG. Collectively, our in vitro experiments demonstrated the sensitive balance between various noncovalent interactions in the structure of hCG could be easily disrupted after ultrasonic treatments. Results from this study are useful to achieve a better understanding of the ultrasonic irradiation physicochemical effects on proteins. Besides, can help to determine safe limits for people particularly, pregnant women.

It has been believed that microgravity directly can alter the structure, morphology, and function of biosystems and numerous research have been performed to recognize these alterations. Claudin proteins are the tight junctions’ main components. Additionally, they are crucial for the protection of the differentiated state of epithelial cells as well as for cell-cell interaction. This study aimed to explore the probable correlation between the claudin-1 and claudin-3 expression and microgravity condition. Additionally, examined the impacts of microgravity condition on cell morphology and viability. The gene expression in MCF-7 cells were assessed by real-time quantitative RT PCR. Afterward, the morphology and cellular viability of the cells were evaluated by an inverted microscope, MTT assay, and flow cytometry analysis. After 72 h of simulated microgravity, the claudin-1 and claudin-3 expression increased significantly (P<0.05). Also, MCF-7 cells after 72 h exposure to microgravity simulation comprised rounded cells, which were grouped and linked to each other making multicellular spheroids. However, microgravity simulation after 24 or 72 h did not have a remarkable effect on the viability of cells. The consequence of this research lied in the fact that simulated microgravity could not be a direct cure for breast cancer treatment. However, microgravity research can offer a unique in vitro tool to explore biomechanical effects in the biology of cancer. The findings obtained from this investigation can open fascinating research lines in astrobiology, biophysics, and cancer biology and can be utilized to improve survivability and life quality for malignancy patients.

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein produced during pregnancy by trophoblast and placental syncytiotrophoblast cells. The produced hCG hormone affects the corpus luteum and prevents it from being destroyed. Studies show that diamond nanoparticles (NDs) interact with biological systems such as proteins, enzymes, and antibodies. In other words, NDs are capable of being absorbed by biomolecules and can also be used as a carrier for the transport of biologically active substances. This study aimed to investigate the effect of NDs on hCG structure and on hCG level in Wistar rats.

The effect of 10 nm NDs on the structure of hCG was investigated using spectroscopic techniques. Rats were randomly divided into five groups: Control, sham, and experimental groups (received NDs solution at doses of 25, 75, and 100 mg/ml). Injections were carried out twice a week. Then, serum biochemical parameters were calculated. Data were analyzed utilizing one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test.

The results showed that NDs could form a complex with hCG. The zeta potential and DLS results showed that NDs cause a decrease in the surface charge and size of hCG. Administration of NDs in concentrations of 100 mg/ml significantly decreased hCG levels compared with that of control samples (P<0.05),

Based on the investigation NDs could change the tertiary structure of hCG. NDs had toxic effects on hCG function. More studies to explore the toxic effects of NDs in various doses and times of exposure seem to be necessary.

Oxidative damage is one of the main causes of Red blood cell (RBC) storage lesion which can reduce RBC survival during RBC storage in blood bank condition. In this study, we evaluate the effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) as an anti-oxidant compound on RBC oxidative damage and RBC metabolism during storage of this product.

In this experimental study, 10 bag of packed RBC were provided to the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization's Innovation Center were randomly selected and effect of NAC was investigated on metabolism, oxidative status and hematologic variables of RBC during RBC storage. The results of this study were compared between two groups of NAC treated RBC and untreated RBC (without NAC). All of the data were analyzed with SPSS statistical program (version 22).

In this study, the concentration of lactate and LDH enzyme activity in the NAC treated RBC were lower than the control group (without NAC). The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) as a lipid peroxidation marker in the NAC treated RBC was lower increase than the untreated RBC. Also antioxidant capacity was so higher in the NAC - RBC than in the control group, especially in the 28th day of RBC storage (Pday28 <0.05).

The results of this study indicated that the use of NAC as an additive solution could decrease oxidative damage via maintaining of the RBC oxidant capacity during RBC storage. In the future NAC may be used as an additive for maintaining of the RBC survival and RBC quality during storage of RBC in blood bank condition.

Cervical and ovarian cancers are well-known causes of death among women in developing countries. There are various technologies to treat cancer cells, but the polyphenolic compound is a natural one and has an anti-cancer effect. Sinensetin is one of them and is found in Orthosiphon stamineus and citrus fruits. Since combination therapy is more effective than drug treatment alone, in this study, we investigated combination therapy using sinensetin and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) to enhance treatment.

The cancer cells purchased from Pasteur Institute, Iran, were cultured. The cells were treated with various concentrations of sinensetin (0.1-1-10-50,150 μg/mL for 24 hours), wavelengths of laser therapy (660 nm) and power density (3 J/cm2) for different times)30, 60, and 90seconds) separately. Furthermore, sensitivity of cells to sinensetin, LLLT and combined therapy was determined by clonogenic assays. To measure DNA damage and repair at individual cell level used comet assay. To examine the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species used 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) as an intracellular probe. To analyze data we used SPSS software and comparison between groups was used (ANOVA) and t test statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 17 software. Data are presented as means – standard error of mean. The level of statistical significance was set at a two-tailed P value of 0.05. All tests were performed in triplicate.

Our results demonstrated that the doubling time for CHO is more than Hella cells, with 20.7 and 27.7 h for each cell respectively. The pretreatments (first LLLT, then sinensetin) can decrease the viability of both cell lines more than the first treatment (sinensetin + LLLT). In the clonogenic assay, the pretreatment of cells with LLLT and Sinensetin significantly reduced the surviving fraction of both cell lines. MTT results showed that pretreatment with LLLT and Sinensetin can increase cell death compared to Sinensetin and LLLT alone. Production of ROS within the cell was enhanced with LLLT + sinensetin.

Our result indicated that combined therapy with LLLT and Sinensetin can treat CHO and Hela cells better than the other groups.Combination treatment with sinensetin-LLLT and the other treatment means, sinensetin and LLLT alone, did not change the cell viability significantly.

Widespread consumption of cell phones is the most crucial risk factor f human health in the age of technology. This study aimed to explore the effects of 4G mobile phone radiation on the level of spermatogenesis in male rats in 30 days.

In this laboratory experimental study, the male NMRI rats were divided into 3 groups: the control group (without exposure to 4G mobile phone for 30 days continuously), the sham group (exposure to 4G mobile phones, but no call within 30 days), and the experimental group (exposure to 4G cellular mobile (SAR=0.482 W/Kg, 1800 MHZ) during calls in progress for 30 days). All rats were sacrificed after 30 days and their organs (testicular and epididymis) were separated.

The mean spermatid count and the mean leydig cells count was decreased significantly (p < 0.001) after exposure time. However, the mean count of spermatogonia was not changed, significantly. Also, the study of micrographs indicated the morphology of testis and epididymis changed. The testicular size changed (p < 0.001), however, the testicular weight was not changed, significantly.

The exposure of 4G mobile waves decreased spermatogenesis. Our results warrant further inquiries on the potential effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) from mobile phones on male fertility.

The recently known coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has turn into the biggest global health challenge, affecting various societies. Unfortunately, the lack of a particular treatment and gold-standard diagnostic system has made the situation more and more complicated. Efforts have led to production of numerous diagnostic kits that are associated with limitations such as accuracy as well as inadequate sensitivity. Aptamers are the artificial single-stranded DNA, RNA sequences, or peptides that can bind to certain targets with very high specificity. A number of their unique features make them a more effective choice than antibodies. Aptamers typically generated through Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment (SELEX) and screened and selected via in vitro process from a library, making it possible to attach to any target molecules. Even though few surveys have introduced specific aptamer types of coronavirus, they could help us select the best approach to discover specific aptamers for this virus. The present research has offered a systematic overview on the utilization of aptamer-based biosensors and drugs to diagnose and treat human coronavirus

Nowadays, the unique and fascinating properties of graphene‐based nanocomposites make them one of the most promising materials for therapeutics, delivery carriers as well as tissue engineering. On the other hand, silver nanowire has been attracting more attention in nanomedicine applications, too. In this study, the effects of synthesized silver nanowire/reduced graphene oxide (AgNWs/rGO) composites on the structure and esterase-like activity of Human Serum Albumin (HSA), as well as its impacts on Human Endometrial Stem Cells (hEnSCs), were evaluated AgNWs/rGO composite was first synthesized and fabricated. Subsequently, its effects on the structure and esterase-like activity of HSA were evaluated by UV-Visible spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Afterward, its impacts on the viability and growth of hEnSCs were studied by MTT assay, DAPI staining, and flow cytometry analysis. The spectroscopic results showed that AgNWs/rGO composite could form a complex with HSA, however, did not affect the secondary structure of HSA and the binding constant for this complex was found to be 5.4×104 mL.mg-1. Furthermore, HSA maintained most of its activity in the presence of the AgNWs/rGO composite. Based on FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) data the value of r0 was less than 7 nm signifying that the energy transfer from HSA to AgNWs/rGO composite occurs with a high level of possibility. The MTT assay, DAPI staining, and flow cytometry analysis indicated that the AgNWs/rGO composite was non-toxic towards hEnSCs. Our results suggest that the prepared AgNWs/rGO composite, potentially, is suitable in nanomedicine applications such as tissue engineering and drug delivery.

Humans have been battling viruses since before our species had even evolved into its modern form. some viruses are equally deadly, and some that are even deadlier. Accurate and early detection of viruses is often crucial for clinical diagnosis and therapy. Aptamers are the artificial single-stranded DNA, RNA sequences, or peptides that can bind to certain targets with tremendously high specificity. A number of their unique features make them a more effective choice than antibodies. Aptamers are typically generated through Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment (SELEX) and screened and selected via in vitro process from a library, making it possible to attach to any target molecules. In this review, aptamers were briefly defined and their applications in the rapid detection and diagnosis of some deadly viruses (HIV, Ebola, IVA, IVB, HPV, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID-19) were described.

Among semiconductor nanoparticles, the titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are being widely consumed in the nanotechnology industry and medicine. TiO2NPs are synthesized in various ways. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of coating in the synthesis of TiO2NPs on their ability to induce structural disorder in DNA.

Ultraviolet spectroscopy, fluorescence emission spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and zeta potential analysis were used to study the structural effects of DNA after interaction with TiO2NPs with ethylene glycol dispersion matrix, TiO2NPs contains HNO3 stabilizer and uncoated TiO2NPs.

The Ultraviolet spectroscopy, fluorescence quenching and binding constants indicated that TiO2NPs with ethylene glycol dispersion matrix interacted with TiO2NPs with a higher binding constant value (2.2Í105 M-1) compare with two other TiO2NPs (2.3Í104 M-1 for uncoated TiO2NPs and 1.1Í105 M-1 for TiO2NPs contains HNO3 stabilizer). The CD spectra indicated TiO2NPs have significant influence on the DNA base stacking. The zeta potential analysis showed the surface charge of DNA especially after the addition of TiO2NPs with ethylene glycol dispersion matrix (-24.60 mV) was reduced.

This study showed that TiO2NPs with ethylene glycol dispersion matrix interact with DNA more strongly compared with two other TiO2NPs. This study indicated that the type of coating of TiO2NPs affects the DNA interaction and consequently the type of coating of nanoparticles is very important in designing nano-drugs especially for cancer treatment.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly used in nanomedicine and pharmacy due to their valuable properties. AgNPs are synthesized in various ways. The amount of drug binding to Human Serum Albumin (HSA) as the most abundant protein in the circulatory system would affect the drug’s therapeutic concentration and its availability for intracellular targets. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of coating in the synthesis of AgNPs on their ability to interact with HSA.

Fluorescence emission spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and Zeta potential analysis were used to study the structural effects of HSA after interaction with AgNPs with ethylene glycol dispersion matrix. AgNPs contains sodium citrate stabilizer and uncoated AgNPs.

The fluorescence quenching indicated that AgNPs with ethylene glycol dispersion matrix interacted with HSA with a higher binding constant value compared with two other AgNPs. The CD spectra indicated a reduction in α-helix content of HSA especially after the addition of AgNPs with ethylene glycol dispersion matrix (from 51.45% to 41.71%). The zeta potential analysis showed that the surface charge of HSA was reduced especially after the addition of AgNPs with ethylene glycol dispersion matrix (from -16.73 mV to -11.79 mV).

This study showed that AgNPs with ethylene glycol dispersion matrix interact with HSA more strongly compared with two other AgNPs. This study indicated that the type of coating of AgNPs affects the HSA interaction and consequently affects the nanoparticles transportation and distribution in the blood.